Table Of Content

Mountain Rivers, Mountain Roads: Transport in Southwest China, 1700–1850 Nanny Kim - 978-90-04-41617-8 Downloaded from Brill.com02/09/2023 11:59:48PM via University of California Los Angeles Monies, Markets, and Finance in East Asia, 1600–1900 Edited by Hans Ulrich Vogel volume 13 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/mmf Nanny Kim - 978-90-04-41617-8 Downloaded from Brill.com02/09/2023 11:59:48PM via University of California Los Angeles Mountain Rivers, Mountain Roads Transport in Southwest China, 1700–1850 By Nanny Kim LEIDEN | BOSTON Nanny Kim - 978-90-04-41617-8 Downloaded from Brill.com02/09/2023 11:59:48PM via University of California Los Angeles Cover illustration: Historic road near Nagu in northeastern Yunnan. Photo Nanny Kim 2007. Background cover: Reverse side of a brass coin of the sixth year of the Qianlong period (1741) cast by the South Mint of the Ministry of Revenue in Beijing. By courtesy of Dr. Werner Burger, Hong Kong. See also Werner Burger, Ch’ing Cash, vol. 2, Ch’ing Cash Year Tables (Hong Kong: University Museum and Art Gallery, 2016). Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Kim, Nanny, author. Title: Mountain rivers, mountain roads : transport in southwest China, 1700–1850 / by Nanny Kim. Description: Leiden ; Boston : Brill, [2020] | Series: Monies, markets, and finance in East Asia, 1600-1900, 2210-2876 ; volume 13 | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: LCCN 2019037983 (print) | LCCN 2019037984 (ebook) | ISBN 9789004415096 (hardback) | ISBN 9789004416178 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Shipping—China—History—18th century. | Shipping—China—History—19th century. | Transportation, Automotive—China—History—18th century. | Transportation, Automotive—China—History—19th century. | China—Economic conditions—18th century. | China—Economic conditions—19th century. Classification: LCC HE278 .K56 2020 (print) | LCC HE278 (ebook) | DDC 388.0951/309033—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019037983 LC ebook record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2019037984 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. ISSN 2210-2876 ISBN 978-90-04-41509-6 (hardback) ISBN 978-90-04-41617-8 (e-book) Copyright 2020 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense, Hotei Publishing, mentis Verlag, Verlag Ferdinand Schöningh and Wilhelm Fink Verlag. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Koninklijke Brill NV provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. This book is printed on acid-free paper and produced in a sustainable manner. Nanny Kim - 978-90-04-41617-8 Downloaded from Brill.com02/09/2023 11:59:48PM via University of California Los Angeles For My Parents ∵ Nanny Kim - 978-90-04-41617-8 Downloaded from Brill.com02/09/2023 11:59:48PM via University of California Los Angeles Nanny Kim - 978-90-04-41617-8 Downloaded from Brill.com02/09/2023 11:59:48PM via University of California Los Angeles Contents Acknowledgements xi Notes on Place Names and Measures xiii List of Illustrations xv Introduction 1 1 Research Questions 4 2 The Geography 12 3 The Period 17 4 Book Structure 18 1 Transport Systems and the Southwest 20 1 Introduction 20 2 Transport Technologies 22 3 Transport Zones 27 4 The Southwest 32 5 Conclusion 52 2 The Gorges’ River 54 1 Introduction 54 2 Perspectives and Sources 59 3 Shipping on Mountain Rivers 64 4 The Gorges’ River 68 5 Shipping Volumes 79 6 Navigation through the Gorges 80 7 The Industrial Transformation 94 8 Conclusion 96 3 The Boats 97 1 Introduction 97 2 The Late Traditional mayangzi 98 3 The Texts 101 4 Miscellaneous Records 126 5 Distributions of mayangzi and qiuzi 133 6 Conclusion 142 Nanny Kim - 978-90-04-41617-8 Downloaded from Brill.com02/09/2023 11:59:48PM via University of California Los Angeles viii Contents 4 Boatmen at Work 144 1 Introduction 144 2 Representations 144 3 Tasks on Board 155 4 Conclusion 185 5 The River Society 186 1 Introduction 186 2 Structures for Divine Protection and Mutual Help 187 3 The Composite Incomes of Boatmen 198 4 Incomes and Living Standards 218 5 Women and Families in River Society 222 6 Household Economics 225 7 Conclusion 229 6 The Gorges’ River as a Waterway 231 1 Introduction 231 2 Forests and Shipping 232 3 River Engineering 235 4 Rescue Services 251 5 Conclusion 268 7 The Roads into Yunnan 271 1 Introduction 271 2 The Routes 275 3 Transport Volumes 298 4 Transport Technologies 306 5 Conclusion 326 8 Mint Metals and Transport Networks 329 1 Introduction 329 2 Yunnan Copper and Guizhou Zinc for the Imperial Mints 331 3 The Routes Out of Yunnan and Guizhou 339 4 Infrastructure Development Projects 348 5 Infrastructure Maintenance 394 6 Conclusion 396 9 Private Philanthropy and Transport Networks 399 1 Introduction 399 2 Road Projects 402 Nanny Kim - 978-90-04-41617-8 Downloaded from Brill.com02/09/2023 11:59:48PM via University of California Los Angeles Contents ix 3 Bridges and Ferries in Zhenxiong and Yongshan 426 4 Conclusion 434 10 Muleteers, Porters, and Cart Drivers 437 1 Introduction 437 2 Part 1: Quantitative Reconstructions 438 3 Part 2: People in the Transport Trade 452 4 Discussion 479 11 Transport Systems and Trans-regional Integration 483 1 Introduction 483 2 Synthesis 484 3 Economics 494 4 The Costs of Transport 502 5 Conclusion 510 Appendix 1: Annotated Bibliography of Sources on Late Traditional Shipping on the Upper Changjiang 513 Appendix 2: Boats and Boatmen of the Gorges’ River in Late Traditional Accounts 520 Appendix 3: Rare Primary Materials on the Upper Changjiang 532 Appendix 4: Glossary of Key Terms in Upper Changjiang Shipping 536 Appendix 5: Transporters of the Southwest in Late Traditional Accounts 543 Appendix 6: Notes on the Reconstruction of Transport Volumes on the Zhaotong and Weinings Roads ca. 1890–1900 in Tables 7.2 and 7.3 559 Appendix 7: Reconstructions of Transport Efficiencies 563 Bibliography 571 Index 612 Nanny Kim - 978-90-04-41617-8 Downloaded from Brill.com02/09/2023 11:59:48PM via University of California Los Angeles Nanny Kim - 978-90-04-41617-8 Downloaded from Brill.com02/09/2023 11:59:48PM via University of California Los Angeles