Moths, containing several species of Amphipyra, eaten by different bats at two sites

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TThhee LLeepipdiopdteorpoltoegircaollSoocgieitycal Society ooff JJaapapnan
utbwt 7-hans.Iopid.Soc. 47(3):201-2e8,September 1996
,TaPan
Moths, containing several species of Amphipgra, eaten by different bats at
two sites
Shintaro FuNAKosHii) and Terumasa YAivfAMoTo2)
i} Kakamihara High School,Shinsei-choS,ohara,Kakamigahara, GifuPref.,504Japan

2' Yaotsu High School,IkitsushiY,aotsu,Kamo-gun, GifuPref.,505n03 Japan

Abstract The moth species eaten by bats were examined at two study sites by collecting
cliscard ewdings below roosts of bats . Significa ndtifferenc eisn bats 'preference in the size of
moth were found at these two study sites. Several wings oi AmphipJiT zsipecies aestivating at
the bat resting sites were contained in the cellecting samples.
Key words Bat bait ,Amphipyra species, forewing length ,aestivation.
Introduction
Food habits of bats are able to be determined by analyzing discarded insect wings below
their roosts, and there are several reports in regard to moths eaten by bats (Kuramoto,
1972 Tomizawa, 1984,1990 Kurata,1990 Sample & Whitmore, 1993 Brooke,1994).
; ; ; ;
In this paper the authors compile a lis tof moths eaten by bats at two sites where
different bat The isinterestedin
composition of species was recognized. senior author
biology of Amphipym species and wishes to know whether AmphipJ,iz xspecies are
included among baits of bats , Therefore, investigatio nwas also focused on the moth
species aestivating at the same places at bats' roosts such as crevice of dead trees, caves
Iime buildings,
of stone and panels of
Materials
and methods
Study
sites and environmental conditions
Materials were collected from two lnvestigatin gsites, one at the Norikura Heights
(altit u1d,4e5 0m, 36067'N ,137037'E) ,Nagano Pref. and the other at Ichinose ,Shiramine-
mura (altit u83d0e m, 36010'N ,136037'E) ,Ishikawa PreL The study site of the Norikura
Heights is a predominant white birc hforest near a large pasture with planted larch trees,
five bats Ebtesictts Imaizumi, thonni-
and species of were recognized : y'mponensd s itdyotis
feov iOgnev, tooti fsrate rAllen, Plecotzt saun'ttds (Linnaei nasnd) Rhinolophus cornutus
Temminck. Among them E, imponen swdass most dominant and nearly 200 individuals
inAugust 1993(Fig1.). The Ichinoseis by
were counted study site of ,surrounded native
forest of Fagus crenala and three species of bats were recognized: RhinolQPhus .fer-
(Schreber)Ad,yotisPrztinosuYsoshiyuki MyotisfrateArlren. Among
rumequinum and
them R. ferramequinu nwzas mainly observed (Fig 2,),
The investigatio nwsere carried out at the Norikura Heights from June 1992 to October
1993, Ichinose October10th,1992 July29th,October10th,1993. Discarded
and at on and
wings were collected from nocturnal roosts in buildin gthat were used exclusively by bats
(Fig.3 ).The samples collected were put between two slide glasses and its forewing
length was measured. Moths' wings collected were in various conditions from nearly
perfect oneS to those losing scales. Some of them were failed te identify due to heavy
damage. It is also likel ythat the degre eof damage is greater than reported because
fragmentsdroppedbeneath by
partial roosts were often removed ants and strong wind.
The identificati oofn moths were based on Inoue et al. (1982).
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202 Shmtaro FuNAKOSHIand Terumasa YAMAIfoTo
Fig 1FigEbtesic tjotposnensts Imaizumi at the Norikura Heights
2FigRhznolaPhus ferrztmequtn u(mSchrebe rat} Ichinose
3 Discarded prey below roost
Results
Table1 shows the species and number of wmgs collected at the Norikura Heights
Table2 shows mam species eaten by bats Total 114 species of 8 familie swere
identified Small moths with forewing Iength 193 ±653 (x±US D) mm were predomi-
nant Tab!e3 shows the species and number of wings collected at Ichinose and table4
Moths 42 10 families Larger
shows main species of species out of were identified
moths w!th forew!ng length 47 3±15 56 (x±-S D) mm occupied a greater proportion
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Moth Eaten by Different Kinds of Bats at Two Sites 203
10
-NorikuraHeights
6Cco"
Plchinose
50lv
40o1c
301crdi

20-10
o 10 2o 3o 4o so 6o 7e 80
Forewing length
Fig. 4. Forewing length of moths eaten by bats.
Fig. 5. Wings of aestivating moths, Amphipym species, collected at bat roosting sites.
The differenc ein size of moths eaten by bats was found between two study sites,
Discussion
1. Relationship between moth size and bat size
Bats at the Norikura Heights were smaller than those at Ichinose .Forearm length sof
resting bats were estimated from 33 mm (M. thonnikovi )to 45 mm (R aun'tzts) at the
Norikura Heights and from 36mm (M. Prainosus )to 65mm (R. .ferrumequinum) at
Ichinose. Clear difference swere recognized for moth size at two study sites (Fig 4.).
Barclay and Brigham (199 1s)peculated that large bats cannot maneuver with suthcient
speed to catch small insect sand, therefore, are restricted to catching large insects .The
individuals of R. .ferrumequinum weigh 17-35g ancl are larger than most of other
insectivoreu sbats ,which weigh about 10 g (Abe et al., 1994). This study showed large
bats,R.ferramequinum, from larger Saturniidae Sphingidae
caught moths such as and
to smaller moths (maxirnu mof forewing length 81.6mm in Anthertze ayamamai).
Whereas small bats ,E. timponen csaiugsht, smaller moths (maximum of forewing length
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Table 1.Moths eaten by bats at the Norikura Heights.
Families/S ecies Number ef wings Families!Species Number of wings
Limacodidae CopPhi sadvenaha 231111121
Ramsa sinica 1211221133 2O1u42m2p1t1e371:32u 1ri13m5p21o0n11i1c35a115821111105111112131112111412
Pyralidae Oumptemp
obtblsicauda
Chrysoteuchidaistinctelin 7>istrQPhis
venen's
Evergestifsoi:ficagis Notedontidae

bgmpia yethzarii AJboslaurQPus basalds
Rzlpit enigropunctalis Neopheosia fasciata
Flseudebulea fantoni Leucodonin bicolon'a
Microstagajessica Lyrnantriidae

Ltst aJicki LJtptantria monacha
Drepanidae Arctiidae
Au2ata smpexba Eilema aagrola 21151121124521222111191211141236l1121116262841491411211
Oteta PulchriPes Lithosi aquad7a
Geometridae Miltoehrisla
miniata
Aracima mt{scosa Miltoch7ista stn'ata
fodis SV)ilarctia
argutan'a sen'atopunclala
Dithecode serasa SPilosom Paunctan'a
ScaPul admplinmpin Noctuidae
ldkeea biselala Moma aipiblm
Idaeaofusan'a Diarsia daj)afTa

Xdnthothoe abrtua'na Diarsi abmnnea
Jfydriomenaimpluvinta Diarsiawicauda

Rhotoscotos ilaucicolens Xesti ac-nigmm
Etzcosmabrcuazs evanescens Xesti aditmpezium
Solitane adenicala Xesti adiorescens
Laciniodesdenigratus AnaPlectoiciePs,zzsina

Chloroclys teixscisa 1loli anebulosa
Lomogmpha bimacztlata Mdmestm bizzssicae

Lom(rgmpha tememta Orthosi alizetla
Lomagmpha subspersata Orthosi aParomoea
7laeniqtbh oerranio Orthosi aangztstipennis
Lamprocabera candidan'a Dlythimna divergens
Ckeber aannthemala Conistt ugrisescens
Claber aPuvas APamea aquita
Itzrabop tcninn'ssa APamea lateritia
Euch?dstoph icaumulala Apamea seolQPacina
S}veag ihaaciassa 7lachea toleiensis
Cmpsicomein incerkzria Amphipym ptramidea
Bmpali{ svestalis Amphipve erebina
Arichanna tetn'ca Amphin)im schrenckii
An'channa albomacttlaria Ena?gz' aPaieacea
APocleova rimosa Cosmin tmpezina
Alcis medialbijZira Cosmia moderala
AlcisPicate Cdytonix
subatbonotata
Deilopten ina-beala Kemla decipiens
H)¢,omecis robomn'a Pblych,ys isaplendido
Microcalich asordicia Catocat aelecta
thiich ao7nataria Catocal adula
Rzraclari Scaonsonan'a CLztoca lnaivea
Heteramai acharon thtocal afaZminea
Ectmpis cmpztsczalaha Ctztoca laagilatrihr
P}'otalc icosncinnain Oth,ei sfi{llonia
Agn'opisdim S-)noidlfaasmosa

Amraica smpemns El>f)noi dheesrczales
Angerona nign'sparsa Latirostmm bisacutum
Eipholca arenosa llaracoi mtristatis
Ennomos autumnan'a lhracola xtrilinealis
Odontoperbaidentata Zznclagnatha
grisetdLi
Odontopeva an'da 2tznclqgnat ha
Xerodts njescenlan-a knctQgnatha.famosa
szztgriselde
A amezrs arvus knclo natha tmplex
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Table 2. Main moths eaten by bats at the Norikura Heights
Date SNaom.p loefs SNpoe. coifes Main species of rnoths

1992.Jun, 13 34528151422414515521942122238963214421513916313071211I17333113029111432

Jun.27

Jul. 4

Jul .I2 Lomagimpha szabspersata, Claber aexanthemata
Jul .I8
Jul .23
Jul.24

Jul .30 Xbnthothoe abmxina, Lomagmpha tememla
Aug.18

Aug. 19
Aug.29 Miltochn'sta
miniata
Sep. 6 fuipit en4gmpuncinlis, Alcr' smedialbiji?ra
Oct. 2 twnagi ahadbssa, Enargia Paleace a,CLztoca laagilatn'x
1993.Jun. 6

Jun .12 Diarsi artijicaudo, Xesti ac-nigvam
Jun .20 thipim nigraPunctaiia Oumpteur obtzasicauda, Diarsia wica"do
Jun .27 Oumpte7:y xobtusicaudo. Miltochn's tsntn'ata, Ziznclagnat itzraiplex
Jul. 4

Jul.10 LomQgmpha
subspersata
Jul .11
Ju] .12
JuL 14
Jul .18 Ptiipit anigmp"nclalis, lbdi sarguten'a. S,nagi ahaddssa
Aug. 3 1]keip inliagmpunctagis, Synagi ahadossa .Deilepten iraibeat aP,blia
nebulosq to'thimn daivergen sby,noid ehsercules
Aug. 11 63591037 1920916A(l,thimn adiveigen s(,lztoca laagitatn' iS)f)noi dheesrcules
Aug. 20 Synagi ahadessa .Deilopten ina'beata, spnoide shercttles
Aug. 27
Sep. 5 Synagi ahaddssa. Enargia Paleace aA.mphipJ,Tzz Pyramidea ,Catocala
niveaS,nagia
Sep. 12 73 13 hadtzssa ,thargia Paleace aC,txtoca ldaula ,Ctztoca lnaivea
702
42.4 mm in Catocal anivea). It is known that R. ferrztmequi nusuesm the uropatagium to
catch the preys. Therefore it is thought to be effective to catch various size moths.
2. Containing the aestivating species, Amohipyva moths, in the bats 'bait
Some moths are known to aestivate in the cave of Iime stone, such as Tmphosa sericald
(Butle rAP)a,mea socialis (Butle rG)on,iocrmpidd epm?:yer (iLeech H)L,}ipen tarislal iLsederer
(Ichihas heti al., 1984), Amohipyra rnoths, A. ptramidea, A. monolitha, A. livi` laA,.
tripartit aA,. schrencleii A. erebina, A. sp, (=subrig uauact.), aestivate in the crevice of
dead trees and on the panels of buildin g(sYamashit 1a9,64; Tsugane, 1975; Oku and
Kobayashi, 1978 ; Funakoshi ,1985), These moths were spending frorn early summer to
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Table 3 . Moths eaten by bats at Ichinese
FamilieslSpecies Number of wings FamilieslSpecies Number of wings
Cossidae Mdn{mba sPerchibls 33611212
Zbuzera 1 C]tzllambultyaxtan'novii
multist?igala
Drepanidae Smen'nthus Planus
Auzata smperba 2 Pdyltosphing idaissimilis
Geometridae Ampegophcrga ,ubiginosa
7lanaothinu sreciprocata 111 Acosme7}u rncrga
Ennomos autumnaria Theretm nessus
Odontoper aaurata TlzeTet 7jumponica
Lasiocampidae Notodontidae
Euthn'x Potaton'a 32410 Rabtela cn'sinta 11
Odonesti sPruni Pheosiops icsinerea
Dendrolimus smperans Lymantriidae
Klenzrgi' aundens Emprocti sstaudingen' 1
Eupterotidae Noctuidae
Apha aequalis 5 Xesti aop7oTescens 4111141811981
Saturniidae Anmplectoide svi,ens
Anthe7aea vamamai 715641124 1D4czseochaeta vin-dis
Rhodinia iankowskii MhiotMPe melanodonla
Sdeimmi aj'mponica Gompna fortis
Stitblmei ja'onasii Amphipynz pt,umidea
Actia sgnoma Cosmla tmpezina
Sphingidae Catocalafraxi'ni

Dolbina tancrei 1453 Ctitoca lealecta
Clanis bilineata CUtocal anubila
Mhmmba gaschkewitschii Catocal aPatala
Mdntmba jonkowskii thipnoi hdeerscules
Table 4.Main moths eaten by bats at Ichinose
Date SNaor.n polfe s SNpoe.c iofes Main species ef meths

1992. 0ct. 10 130 16 Dendrotimus smpenzns, Kuntrgia undkens, Antheraea yamamai,
RhodiniaiankowsfSeaitLumiaionasiiC.atocata
nubita
1993. Jul .29 26272 1233 Actitz gsnoma, Cianis bigineala
OcL 10 Kuntrgia unduns, Antheiuea yamamai, Rhodinia iankows hSiatzu;r-
SLiturniaionasiAic;tias Ciztocala
nia 1'oponica , gnoma, nzabila,
Ctitocal afraxt' nCiLi,toca lpaaldILz
428
autumn at the same sites of bats 'roosts,
Kurata (1990 )showed that the aestivating rnoth in the cave, G. P7yeri ,was not found in
the bait of R. fanumequinum, whereas AmPhipyra rnoths were present in the bats' bait
(Tomisawa1,990; Sample& Whitmore, 1993). Inthisinvestigation,A. P),ramideAa.,

erebina and A. schrenckii were contained in the bats 'bai tat the Norikura Heights, and
A. Pyramide ain the bai tat Ichinos e(Fi g5,) . But, a small proportion of these species
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Table5. Record by bats
ef aestivating moths eaten
Moth $peciesBat species Date Study site References
A. ptramidolts R townsendii 19841988. West Virginia Sample & Whitmore

A. ptramidea R..femtnzequinum 0ct.10 Ichinese Tomisawa

R.fernemeptnum1992.0ct.10 Iehinose

E j'oponensis 1993.Sep. 5 Norikura Heights
A. erebina E. 1'mponensis 1993. Aug. 27 Norikura Heights
A. sch,endeii R. ferntme4uin1u9m88. 0ct. 10 Ichinose Tomisawa
E ]'mponensis 1993.Sep. 5 Norikura Heights
was among all the bait sand these samples were collected from late summer to autumn.
Aestivatin gperiod in A. erebina finishe din late surnmer and the other species in autumn.
It is suggested that the moths of AmPhptm were caught by bats after aestivating period
was completed.
Acknowledgements
The authors wish to express sincere thanks to Emeritus M. Sasakawa of
Kyoto PrefecturalUniversityftohreihris
constant guidancePraonfd, encouragement.
References
Abe, H. et al., 1994. A Picton 'Gaulide to the Mdmmals of ,Tlipan. 195pp. Tokaidaigaku Press (in
Japanese).

Barclay, R. and R. M. Brigham, 1991. Prey detection d,ietar yniche breadth ,and body size in small
bats: why are aerial insectivorou bsats so small? Am. IViz t1.37: 693-703.
Brooke, A.P., 1994 . Diet of the fishin gbat, AJbctil igoopon'nz a<sChiropter aNo:ctilionidae). f Mtzm-
mal. 75 : 212u218.
Funakoshi,S.,1985. ThebehaviorofaestivatingAmPhipym(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Yitgato(101):

103-108 <i nJapanese),
Inoue ,H. et al., 1982. Afoths of Jopan .1: 1-968 ,2: 1-556 ,pls 1-392. Kodansha, Tokye. (I nJapanese),
Ichihashi, H., Amagasu, A, and M. Shirnizu ,1984. Arthropoda fauna in Iirnestone caves and mines
foundin the limestone area in the northern part of Suzuka mountains. Fwfiwavadake IVla tS,ci. Mtes.
(1 )(i nJapanese).
Kuramoto, T., 1972. Studie son bats at the Akiyeshi-dai Plateau, with special referenceto the ecologi-
cal ancl phylogenic aspects. Aklyoshi-tl aSici Mus. 8: 7-119 {i nJapanese).
Kurata, M., 199e. Aestivating and hibernatin ghabit sof Goniocrtzspid uPm,yer Lieech. Yitgat o(12 0:)
57-63 (i nJapanese).
Oku, T. and T. Kobayashi, 1978. Migratory behavieur sand life-cyc loef noctuid moths (Insecta,
Lepidoptera )w,ith notes on the recent status of migrant species in northern Japan .Bull, Zbol. 19 :
I69-175.
Sample, B. E. and R. C, Whitmore, 1993. Food habits of the endangered virginia big'eared bat in west
Virginia .J MLzmmal. 74: 428-435.
Tomisawa, A., 1990. List of moths fallen prey to bats II . Ytigat o(120 :) 65-68 (i nJapanese).
Tsugane, R., 1975. The life cycle of Amphipyre tivid ocorvina Motschulsky CLepidopter a: Noctuidae)
with special reference to the termination ef aestivation in the adult stages. Eitt ZboL 19 : 169-175.
Yamashita, Z. ,1964 . Migration of insect m,ainly based on examples in our country. Shokubutsza Bbeki
18 : 313-318 (i nJapanese).
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摘 要
2調査点で 異なっ た コ ウモ リに捕食された ・4吻 伽 ッπ遊 含む蛾類 （船越進太郎 ・山本輝正）
1992年お よび 1993年 6月か ら 10月に か けて 長野県乗鞍高原 （東経 137°37t 北re　36eO6’標高
1450m ）お よび石川県， 白峰村市ノ瀬 （東経 136°，37’ 北緯 36°10’標高 830　m ）の， 登 山セ ン タ，ーな ど
， ， ，
の建物の 下で コ ウモ リに食され た蛾の 翅を集め，同定する とともに前翅長を測定した．
’
乗鞍高原の建物の天井部分 はクビワ コ ウモ リ1％儒 癖応　コaPonensis ヒ メホオヒゲ コ ウモ リ Myotis
，
ikonnifeoviウサギコ ウモ リPgecote　tasuritus コ キクガ シ ラ コ ウモ リ RhinoloPhUS　cornutUS カグ
， ， ，
ヤ コウモ リ物 o挑 加 癖 が夜間休憩場所 として使用 してお り 中で もクビワコ ウモ リが多 く 時に
， ，
は 200頭を数えた．こ こで は餌 となっ た 8科 114種の 蛾を同定したが， 小型の 種が多 く，未同定個
体 も含め前翅長は 19．3±6．53 （肚 S．D．）mm で あっ た．これに対 し，市ノ瀬の建物天井部分に は主
として キクガ シラ コ ウモ リRhinoloPhas　fer7fumequinがu多m く わ ずか に カグヤ コ ウモ リが含 ま
，
れて いた．ここで は 10科 42種の蛾を同定したが，ヤマ マ ユ ガ科 スズメガ科な どの大型種が 多 く
，
含まれて い た ．前翅長 は 47．3±15．56 傭±S．　D．）mm で，乗鞍高原の もの とは大きな差があっ た．
乗鞍 高原 で見 られ るコ ウモ リは小型種が多 く （前腕 長 33−45mm ；優占種 クビ ワコ ウモ リ38−43
mシm ラ），コ 市ウモノ瀬リで56見−65ら　mれm る）．コ ウモ リはそれ より大型種が 多か っ た （前腕長 36−65　mm ；優 占種キ クガ
昆虫食の コ ウモ リの 中でキ クガシ ラコ ウモ リは他の種 より大型 であ り 大型の蛾 （前翅長の最大 は
，
81．6・mm のヤマ マ ユ ）か ら小型の蛾までを捕っ て い た．これに対 し， クビワコ ウモ リは小型種で あ
り， よ り小 さな蛾 （前翅長の最大 は42．4mm の シ ロ シ タバ ）を捕っ てい た．キクガ シ ラコ ウモ リは
餌を捕まえるとき腿間膜 （足の間の膜）を使用するこ とが知 られる．その た め 大型種か ら小型種
，
まで さまぎまな大きさの餌を効率よ く捕っ て い るのか も知れない ．
また コ ウモ リの休憩場所で夏眠す るAmPhipyra 属の シマ カラス ヨ トウ．4，　Pyramidea オオウス
， ，
ヅマ カ ラス ヨ トウ・4，erebinα， ツマ ジロ カラス ヨ トウA ．　schrenckii が コ ウモ リの餌の 中に含まれ
て い たが 資料の 収集した 日時か ら夏眠が終了 して 夏眠場所を離れた個体で あると推測された．
， ，
（Accepted　December　1，1995）
Published　by　the　Lepidopterological　Society　of　Japan，
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