Mössbauer Spectroscopy Applied to Magnetism and Materials Science

487 Pages·1993·15.874 MB·English

by  Brent Fultz (auth.), Gary J. Long, Fernande Grandjean (eds.)

Mossbauer Spectroscopy
Applied to
Magnetism and
Materials Science
Volume 1
MODERN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Series Editor: John P Fackler, Jr.
Texas A&M University
CARBON-FUNCTIONAL ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS
Edited by Vaclav ChvalovskY and Jon M. Bellama
GAS PHASE INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Edited by David H. Russell
HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS
WITH METAL PHOSPHINE COMPLEXES
Edited by Louis H. Pignolet
INORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY
Edited by Thomas P. Fehlner
THE JAHN-TELLER EFFECT AND
VIBRONIC INTERACTIONS IN MODERN CHEMISTRY
I. B. Bersuker
METAL INTERACTIONS WITH BORON CLUSTERS
Edited by Russell N. Grimes
MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY
APPLIED TO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Volumes 1 and 2 • Edited by Gary J. Long
Volume 3 • Edited by Gal)' J. Long and Femande Grandjean
MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY
APPLIED TO MAGNETISM AND MATERIALS SCIENCE
Volume 1 • Edited by Gal)' J. Long and Femande Grandjean
ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF TIIE
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
Florian P. Pruchnik
Translated from Polish by Stan A. Duraj
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will
bring delivery of each new volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed
only upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.
Mossbauer Spectroscopy
Applied to
Magnetism and
Materials Science
Volume 1
Edited by
Gary J. Long
University of Missouri-Ro/la
Rolla, Missouri
and
Fernande Grandjean
University of Liege
Sart-Tilman, Belgium
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloglng-ln-PublIcatlon Data
Mossbauer spectroscopy applied to magnetism and materials science /
edited by Gary J. Long and Fernande Grandjean.
p. cm. — (Modern Inorganic chemistry)
Includes bibliographical references and Index.
ISBN 978-1-4899-2411-7 (v. 1)
1. Mossbauer spectroscopy. 2. Magnetism. 3. Materials science.
I. Long, Gary J., 1941- . II. Grandjean, Fernande, 1947-
III. Series.
QC491.M623 1993
620. 1'1297—dc20 93-14059
CIP
ISBN 978-1-4899-2411-7 ISBN 978-1-4899-2409-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-2409-4
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1993
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1993
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1993
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
Contributors
Lawrence H. Bowen • Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695-8204
s.
J. Campbell • Department of Physics, University College, The University
of New South Wales, Australian Defense Force Academy, Canberra,
ACf 2600, Australia
Gordon Czjzek • Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe, INFP, W-7500 Karl
sruhe 1, Germany
Eddy De Grave • Laboratory of Magnetism, University of Gent, B-9000
Gent, Belgium
Brent Fultz • Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California
Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
H. Gleiter· Werkstoffwissenschaften, University of Saarland, D-6600
Saarbriicken, Germany
J. M. Greneche • Equipe de Physique de I'Etat Condense, URA CNRS No.
807, Universite du Maine, F-72017 Le Mans Cedex, France
Q. A. Pankhurst • Department of Physics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool
L693BX, England
R. J. Pollard • Department of Physics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria
3168, Australia
v
vi Contributors
W. Potzel • Department of Physics, Technical University of Munich, D-85747
Garching, Germany
G. Principi • Materials Section, Department of Mechanical Engineering,
University of Padua, 1-35131 Padua, Italy
William M. Reiff· Department of Chemistry, Northeastern University,
Boston, Massachusetts 02115
Robert E. Vandenberghe • Laboratory of Magnetism, University of Gent,
B-9000 Gent, Belgium
F. Varret • Departement de Recherches Physiques, URA CNRS No. 71,
Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, F-75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
Preface
During the past 30 years materials science has developed into a full-fledged
field for basic and applied scientific enquiry. Indeed, materials scientists have
devoted their efforts to creating new materials with improved electronic,
magnetic, thermal, mechanical, and optical properties. Often unnoticed, these
new materials are rapidly invading our homes and automobiles, and may be
found in our utensils, electronic equipment, textiles, home appliances, and
electric motors. Even though they may go unnoticed, these new materials have
either improved the efficiency and lifetime of these items or have reduced their
weight or cost. In particular, magnetically ordered materials are useful in
various applications, such as motors, magnetic imaging, magnetic recording,
and magnetic levitation. Hence, much effort has been devoted to the
development of better hard magnetic materials, magnetic thin films, and
molecular magnets.
During the same period of time, Mossbauer-effect spectroscopy has grown
from a laboratory curiosity to a mature spectroscopic technique, a technique
that probes solid-state materials at specific atomic sites and yields microscopic
information on the magnetic and electronic properties of these materials.
Iron-57 is the most commonly and easily used Mossbauer-effect isotope and, of
course, is particularly relevant for the study of magnetic materials. Various
applications of Mossbauer spectroscopy to magnetic materials are discussed in
the first six chapters of this volume. Other isotopes such as zinc-67 and
gadolinium-ISS have recently been used to study the electronic properties of
zinc compounds and the electronic and magnetic properties of rare-earth
transition metal compounds. The latter compounds include high-temperature
superconductors and hard permanent magnetic materials, two groups of
materials that have potentially important practical applications.
The mechanical and magnetic properties of nanostructured materials are
of current interest to engineers, materials scientists, and theoretical physicists.
The use of Mossbauer-effect spectroscopy to investigate the microscopic
electronic and magnetic properties of these nanostructured materials is
discussed in Chapter 7.
vii
viii Preface
As we finish this volume, we would like to thank all the authors who have
worked diligently through a tight schedule to include in their manuscripts the
most up-to-date literature references and to present the scientific results in a
comprehensive, readable fashion. We hope that this book will be useful to
both the MOssbauer-etlect and the materials science research communities.
Finally, we would like to thank Amelia McNamara and Christopher
Curioli of Plenum Press for their editorial and technical assistance during the
preparation of this volume.
Gary J. Long
Femande Grandjean
Rolla, Missouri
Contents
1. Chemical Systematics of Iron-57 Hyperfine Magnetic Field
Distributions in Iron Alloys
Brent Fultz
1. Introduction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. The Additive Perturbation Model . . . . . . . 2
3. Applications of the Additive Perturbation Model . 5
3.1. Spinodal Decomposition of Fe-Cr-Co Alloys 6
3.2. Short-Range Order in Fe-AI Alloys. . . . . 8
4. The Magnetic Polarization Model . . . . . . . . 9
5. Relationship between the Magnetic Polarization Model and
the Additive Perturbation Model. . . . . . . . . . . . 14
6. Implementation of the Magnetic Polarization Model . . . 17
7. Application of the Magnetic Polarization Model to Fe-Cu 20
8. Electronic Origin of HMF Perturbations 22
9. Beyond the Magnetic Polarization Model 24
10. Summary . 25
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
2. Conversion Electron Mossbauer Analysis of Radiation Effects
Induced in Thin Metallic Films
G. Pr;nc;p;
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
2. Brief Survey of Ion Beam Mixing Mechanisms 34
3. Metal/Metal Systems 36
3.1. Iron/Tin . 37
3.2. Iron/Nickel .. 41
ix