Mössbauer Spectroscopy Applied to Inorganic Chemistry

652 Pages·1989·21.71 MB·English

by  U. Gonser

Mossbauer Spectroscopy
Applied to
Inorganic Chemistry
Volume 3
MODERN INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Series Editor: John P. Fackler, Jr.
Texas A&:M University
CARBON-FUNCTIONAL ORGANOSILICON COMPOUNDS
Edited by Vadav Chvalovsky and Jon M. Bellama
GAS PHASE INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Edited by David H. Russell
HOMOGENEOUS CATALYSIS
WITH METAL PHOSPHINE COMPLEXES
Edited by Louis H. Pignolet
THE JAHN-TELLER EFFECT AND
VIBRONIC INTERACTIONS IN MODERN CHEMISTRY
I. B. Bersuker
METAL INTERACTIONS WITH BORON CLUSTERS
Edited by Russell N. Grimes
MOSSBAUER SPECTROSCOPY
APPLIED TO INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Volumes 1 and 2. Edited by Gary J. Long
Volume 3 • Edited by Gary J. Long and Fernande Grandjean
ORGANOMETALLIC CHEMISTRY OF
TRANSITION ELEMENTS
Florian P. Pruchnik
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring
delivery of each new volume immediately upon pUblication. Volumes are billed only
upon actual shipment. For further information please contact the publisher.
M6ssbauer Spectroscopy
Applied to
Inorganic Chemistry
Volume 3
Edited by
Gary J. Long
University of Missouri-Rolla
Rolla, Missouri
and
Jrernande Grandjean
University of Liege
Sart-Tilman, Belgium
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
(Revised for vol. 3)
Mossbauer spectroscopy applied to inorganic chemistry.
(Modern inorganic chemistry)
Vol 3 edited by Gary J. Long and Fernande Grandjean.
Includes bibliographies and indexes.
1. Mossbauer spectroscopy. I. Long, Gary J. 1941- . II. Grandjean, Fernande,
1947- . III. Series.
QD96.M6M64 1984 543/.08586 84-13417
ISBN 978-1-4899-2291-5 ISBN 978-1-4899-2289-2 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-2289-2
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 1989
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1989
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1989
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
Contributors
F. Aubertin • Angewandte Physik, Universitat des Saarlandes, D-6600 Saar
briicken, Federal Republic of Germany
Frank J. Berry • Department of Chemistry, University of Birmingham,
Birmingham B15 2IT, England
S.J. Campbell • Department of Physics, University College, University of
New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, Campbell, A.C.T.
2600, Australia
V.D.J. de Beer • Laboratory for Inorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, Eind
hoven University of Technology, NL-5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
Eddy De Grave • Laboratory of Magnetism, Gent State University, B-9000
Gent, Belgium
U. Gonser • Universitat des Saarlandes, D-6600 Saarbriicken, Federal
Republic of Germany
Fernande Grandjean • Institut de Physique, Universite de Liege, B-4000
Sart-Tilman, Belgium
Micbal Kopcewicz • Institute of Experimental Physics, Warsaw University,
PL-00681 Warsaw, Poland
Guido Langoucbe • Instituut voor Kem- en Stralingsfysika, University of
Leuven, B-3030 Leuven, Belgium
Gary J. Long • Department of Chemistry, University of Missouri-Rolla,
Rolla, Missouri 65401
O.A. Pringle • Department of Physics, University of Missouri-Rolla,
Rolla, Missouri 65401
W.L.T.M. Ramselaar • Interfacultair Reactor Instituut, Delft University of
Technology, NL-2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
v
vi Contributors
Umberto Russo • Dipartimento di Chimica Inorganica, Metallorganica ed
Analitica, Universita degli Studi di Padova, 1-35131 Padova, Italy
Timothy G. St. Pierre • School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences,
Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
C. Schneider • Universitat des Saarlandes, D-6600 Saarbriicken, Federal
Republic of Germany
Robert E. Vandenberghe • Laboratory of Magnetism, Gent State University,
B-9000 Gent, Belgium
A.M. van der Kraan • Interfacultair Reactor Instituut, Delft University of
Technology, NL-2629 JB Delft, The Netherlands
John Webb • School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Murdoch
University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia
Preface
In 1988 the Mossbauer effect community completed 30 years of continual
contribution to the fields of nuclear physics, solid state science, and a variety
of related disciplines. To celebrate this anniversary, Professor Gonser of the
Universitat des Saarlandes has contributed a chapter to this volume on the
history of the effect. Although Mossbauer spectroscopy has reached its mature
years, the chapters in this volume illustrate that it is still a dynamic field of
science with applications to topics ranging from permanent magnets to biologi
cal mineralization.
During the discussion of a possible chapter for this volume, a potential
author asked, "Do we really need another Mossbauer book?" The editors
responded in the affirmative because they believe that a volume of this type
offers several advantages. First, it provides the author with an opportunity to
write a personal view of the subject, either with or without extensive pedagogic
content. Second, there is no artificially imposed restriction on length. In
response to the question, "How long should my chapter be?," we have
responded that it should be as long as is necessary to clearly present, explain,
and evaluate the topic. In this type of book, it is not necessary to condense
the topic into two, four, or eight pages as is now so often a requirement for
publication in the research literature. Some of the chapters contained herein
are closely related to the current research efforts of the author while others
are written as critical reviews of the ever increasing Mossbauer literature.
Much of the planning and discussion of the various chapters in this volume
took place during the International Conference on the Applications of the
Mossbauer Effect which was held in Melbourne, Australia, in August 1987.
As the reader will learn from Chapter 1, this was the first international
Mossbauer conference held "down under." Its success illustrated the true
international flavor of Mossbauer spectroscopy. The international cooperation
so important in current science is also apparent in the chapters contained in
this volume which originated in eight different countries on three different
continents. Indeed, one of the chapters is a collaborative effort between
vii
viii Preface
Australia and Germany. The various Mossbauer conferences in the planning
stage on four different continents ensure that this international interaction will
continue far into the future.
We wish to thank the authors for a fine job in writing their chapters and
for working within a tight schedule. Our special thanks go to Mr. J. Cloes and
Mr. Mark Politowski for help in preparing the author index for this volume.
The excellent help of the editorial staff at Plenum and especially of Amelia
McNamara, Josh Hanft, and Jeanne Libby is greatly appreciated. Finally, we
would like to thank Professor Alan Williams for the excellent hospitality given
to us during an extended stay in Geneva.
Gary J. Long
Fernande Grandjean
Contents
Chapter 1. The Early Days of the Effect
U. Gonser and C. Schneider
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
2. Methods.............................................. 1
3. Methods versus Fields. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
4. Pre-Mossbauer Days. .. . ... .... . . . .. . .. . ... . . ... . ... .. . 3
4.1. Resonance........................................ 3
4.2. Atomic Resonance Absorption (Fluorescence).. ... . . .. 4
4.3. Nuclear Resonance Absorption (Fluorescence) ., ..... , 4
5. Mossbauer's Discovery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
6. From a "Strange Effect" to Mossbauer Spectroscopy. . . . . . . 6
7. The Early Years . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
8. The Mossbauer Community. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
9. Conferences .......................................... 9
10. Today and Tomorrow.................................. 9
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Chapter 2. Mossbauer Effect Studies of Hard Magnetic Materials
O.A. Pringle and Gary J. Long
1. Introduction .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2. Permanent Magnets. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.1. Examples of Permanent Magnets and Their Applications 14
2.2. The Demagnetization Curve and Magnetic Energy
Product........................................... 16
2.3. Other Important Properties of Good Permanent Magnets 22
3. Mossbauer Effect Studies of Specific Materials ............. 23
3.1. Alnico ............................................ 23
3.2. Barium and Strontium Ferrites ....................... 25
ix