Mössbauer Effect Methodology: Volume 2 Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Mössbauer Effect Methodology New York City, January 25, 1966 PDF
Preview Mössbauer Effect Methodology: Volume 2 Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Mössbauer Effect Methodology New York City, January 25, 1966
Vol. 2 Irwin J. Gruverman Editor Mossbauer ef meth 02 Mössbauer Effect Methodology Volume 2 A Publication of the New England Nuclear Corporation Mössbauer Effect Methodology Volume 2 Proceedings of the Second Symposium on Mössbauer Effect Methodology New York City, January 25, 1966 Edited by Irwin J. Gruverman Head, Special Sources Department New England Nuclear Corporation Boston, Massachusetts <]? SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC 1966 ISBN 978-1-4757-1546-0 ISBN 978-1-4757-1544-6 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-1544-6 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 65-21188 © 1966 Springer Science+Business Media New Y ork Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1966 All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the publisher Preface The Mössbauer effect certainly can be counted among the more elegant and basic tools of physical inquiry. This has been established and confirmed in many laboratories, in the main by physicists in terested in the measurement of nuclear parameters. lt has also become apparent that the methodology of the Mössbauer effect lends itself to investigations in other disciplines, and ranks with NMR, ESR, optical techniques, and others as a most useful wide-range spectroscopy. The appearance of reliable commercial Mössbauer spectrometers in the past year, and the prospect of additional ones in the near future, seems to insure an ever increasing degree of attention to this relatively new spectroscopy. The material in this book illustrates the breadth of coverage afforded by Mössbauer methodology to nuclear parameter investiga tion, and chemical structure elucidation, and the potential of Mössbauer spectroscopy in chemical sturlies and control activities. It is the editor's hope, and the real objective of these symposia, to generate interest in quality control applications, in metallurgical and chemical Iabaratory routine analytical applications, in biological analytical applications, andin all other applications where Mössbauer spectroscopy can be thought of as one more analytical tool rather than an interesting but exotic curiosity. Mössbauer Effect Methodology, Valurne 2, records the proceed ings of the Second Symposium on Mössbauer Effect Methodology. This Symposium was sponsored by the New England Nuclear Cer poration and the Technical Measurement Corporation, and was devoted to applications of the Mössbauer effect and, to a lesser extent, to principles and techniques. The Symposium was held at the New York Hilton Hotel in New York City on January 25, 1966. Dr. Lee Grodzins, of M.l.T., was Chairman of the all-day session. About 200 people attended the Symposium, manifesting a Ievel of interest which will assure further symposia in this series. The twelve papers in this volume report a broad sampling of the V vi PREFACE uses to which Mössbauer methodology is being applied. While most of the papers describe measurements of parameters of primary interest to physicists, extensions of Mössbauer methodology aqoss inter disciplinary boundaries are exemplified by studies of meteorites, hemoglobin, and iron chemistry. The expected diffusion of Mössbauer methodology into geology, biology, and chemistry laboratories is now actually taking place and is expected to accelerate. Volume I, this volume, and subsequent volumes in this series are intended to permit easy access to principles, tech niques, and examples of pertinent applications, and so to foster this trend. It is the editor's pleasant task once more to acknowledge the help of his colleagues in organizing and conducting the Symposium, to thank the authors for submitting their manuscripts after only mild urging, and to commend Lee Grodzins for competent handling of a difficult task. I.G. Boston, Massachusetts July 10, 1966 Contents Mössbauer Parameters: Determination and Interpretation Interpretation and Applications of Mössbauer Fraction Experiments 3 R. H. Nussbaum Electric Field Gradients in Iron Compounds 23 R. W. Grant Mössbauer Paramagnetic Hyperfine Structure 39 H. H. Wiekman Localized Moments ofDilute Iron in Nonmagnetic Host Metals 67 R. D. Taylor Measurement of Magnetic Field Distributions . 77 W. L. Trousdale, C. J. Song, and G. Longworth The Use of Mössbauer Spectroscopy in Iron Coordination Chemistry . 85 J. J. Spijkerman, F. C. Ruegg, and L. May Some Applications of Superconducting Magnets 95 J. Heberle Mössbauer Spectrometry: Application to Material Invcstigations Mössbauer Analysis of Meteoritic Iron Minerals 113 E. L. Sprenkel-Segel and S. S. Hanna Mössbauer Spectrometry of Hemoglobin: Paramagnetic Effects 127 G. Lang and W. Marshall Mössbauer Studies of Rare-Earth Intermetallic Compounds 147 I. Nowik vii viii CONTENTS The Mössbauer Effect of Sn119 in Palladium-Rich Palladium Tin Solid Salutions 161 D. K. Snediker Investigation of Ultra-Thin Iran Films 171 C. E. Vialet and E. L. Lee Index . 181 Mössbauer Parameters: Determination and Interpretation Interpretation and Applications of Mössbauer Fraction Experiments Rudi H. Nussbaum* Portland State College Portland, Oregon INTRODUCTION The Mössbauer fraction of gamma rays emitted or absorbed by a nucleus bound in a crystal, without a change in the quantum state of the lattice, is given by [1, 2] (I) a thermal average over initial lattice states (il, where k is the wave vector of the emitted gamma ray (lkl = k = 2TT/A = A-1; I. is the gamma-ray wavelength) and r is the position vector of the radiating nucleus. From this it follows that for an atom in a lattice with bar monie forces [1, 2] - (x2 )) f = exp ( i\ = exp(-2 W) (2) 2 where (x2) is the mean square displacement of the atom along the direction of gamma-ray emission due to its zero-point and thermal vibrations. Formost expe"rimentally realizable situations, equation (2) describes the zero-phonon fraction to a high degree of accuracy, including the case where the emitting or absorbing atom is an im purity, vibrating in a localized mode, and in the presence of an harmonic corrections [3, 4, 5, 6]. The exponent 2 W in equation (2) is the well-known Debye-Waller factor, which also determines the intensity of X-ray diffraction lines [1, 2]. *On leave 1965-66 at the Physics Department, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington. 3
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