Moscow Workers and the 1917 Revolution: Studies of the Russian Institute, Columbia University (Studies of the Harriman Institute, Columbia University)

439 Pages·2014·8.179 MB·English

by  Diane P. Koenker

MOSCOW WORKERS
ANDTHE
1917 REVOLUfION
•
Studies of
the Russian Institute
Columbia University
Im
•
MOSCOW WORKERS
AND THE
1917 REVOLUTION
byD iane Koenker
PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS
Copyright© 1981 by Princeton University Press
Published by Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey
In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, Guildford, Surrey
All Rights Reserved
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data will he
found on the last printed page of this hook
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the Studies of the Russian Institute in the belief that
their publication contributes to scholarly research and
public understanding. In this way the Institute,
while not necessarily endorsing their conclusions,
is pleased to make available the results of
some of the research conducted under its auspices.
A list of the Studies of the Russian Institute
appears at the hack of the hook.
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For ROGER

Contents
LIST OF TABLES ix
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS xi
LIST OF FIGURES xii
LIST OF APPENDICES xii
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii
NOTE ON DATES AND TRANSLITERATION xv
ABBREVIATIONS xv
INTRODUCTION 3
ONE. Moscow 1917 12
TWO. Life in the City 43
THREE. Moscow in the 1917 Revolution 94
FOUR. Organizing the Revolution: THE EVOLUTION OF
WORKING-CLASS INSTITUTIONS 143
FIVE. Political Parties and the Working Class: THE EVOLUTION
OF PARTY CONSCIOUSNESS 187
SIX. Dimensions of Political Attitudes: WORKERS' RESOLUTIONS 228
SEVEN. Dimensions of Political Attitudes: WORKERS'
CONTRIBUTIONS TO POLITICAL CAUSES 269
EIGHT. Workers and the Strike Movement in 1917 293
NINE. Moscow's October 329
CONCLUSION 356
APPENDICES 368
SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY 387
INDEX 411

List of Tables
1-1. Moscow Work Force, 1912 23
1-2. Relative Distribution of St. Petersburg and Moscow
Workers in Industries, 1913-1914 25
1-3. Relative Distribution of Petrograd and Moscow Workers,
1917 26
1-4. Russian Workers' Literacy Rates by Industry, 1918 29
1-5. Average Factory Size of Moscow Industries 30
2-1. Literacy and Median Age by Industry 61
2-2. Increase in Moscow Factory Labor Force, 1913-1917 80
2-3. Daily Food Consumption of Moscow Textile Workers 85
2-4. Cost of a Worker's Market Basket, 1913-1917 85
2-5. Change in Real Wages of Moscow Workers, 1913-1916 86
3-1. Change in Cost of Living in Moscow, January-June 1917 118
3-2. Change in Daily Wage in Rubles for Moscow Workers,
January-June 1917 119
3-3. Change in Cost of Living, June-October 1917 130
3-4. Change in Daily Wage in Rubles, June-October 1917 131
3-5. Unemployment among Moscow Metalists, July-October
1917 141
4-1. Strikes with Reported Trade Union Leadership 154
4-2. Frequency of Scheduled Union and Soviet Meetings 175
5-1. Party Mood in March 1917 194
5-2. Relationship between Peasant-Workers and SR Support 195
5-3. Age Composition of Bolshevik and Menshevik Duma
Candidates 200
5-4. June Duma Election Results by Location 202
5-5. Party Mood in Factories, March-July 1917 209
5-6. Change in Party Votes, June-September 1917 213
5-7. Party Mood, September-October 1917 215
5-8. Partisan Divisions in the Moscow Soviet, April-October
1917 217
5-9. Organizational Experience of Duma Candidates 224
6-1. Levels of Worker Participation in Resolutions 235
6-2. March Resolutions 238
6-3. April Resolutions 241
6-4. May and June Resolutions 245
6-5. July Resolutions 247