Mosby's Drug Guide for Nursing Students

1311 Pages·2014·30.984 MB·English

by  Linda Skidmore-Roth RN MSN NP

Pediatric, geriatric,
High Alert header Canadian drugs
and other special
highlights drugs that identified with a
dosages included
pose the greatest risk if maple-leaf icon
throughout
administered improperly
Easily confused
drug names located
beneath header
Pregnancy categories
appear under
contraindications (D
or X) or precautions
(A, B, or C)
Black Box Warnings
easily identify serious
and life-threatening
FDA warnings
Subheadings Common and
indicate various life-threatening
administration adverse effects
routes grouped by
body system
Pediatric, geriatric,
High Alert header Canadian drugs
and other special
highlights drugs that identified with a
dosages included
pose the greatest risk if maple-leaf icon
throughout
administered improperly
Easily confused
drug names located
beneath header
Pregnancy categories
appear under
contraindications (D
or X) or precautions
(A, B, or C)
Black Box Warnings
easily identify serious
and life-threatening
FDA warnings
Subheadings Common and
indicate various life-threatening
administration adverse effects
routes grouped by
body system
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Eleventh Edition, include the following:
• Animations of Drug Actions
Engaging drug animations of drug actions
to help you see the actions “in motion.”
• Drug Monographs—Recently Approved
Offers a table of drugs approved by the
FDA after publication of the book, including
links to approved product inserts.
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Linda Skidmore-Roth, RN, MSN, NP
Consultant
Littleton, Colorado
Formerly, Nursing Faculty
New Mexico State University
Las Cruces, New Mexico
El Paso Community College
El Paso, Texas
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
MOSBY’S DRUG GUIDE FOR NURSING STUDENTS, ISBN: 978-0-323-17021-5
ELEVENTH EDITION ISSN: 2213-4409
Copyright © 2015, 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc.
Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001, 1999, 1997, 1996 by Mosby, Inc.,
an affiliate of Elsevier Inc.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the
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This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher
(other than as may be noted herein).
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience
broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treat-
ment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating
and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such in-
formation or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including
parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the
most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each
product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of
administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own ex-
perience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treat-
ment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume
any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, neg-
ligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas
contained in the material herein.
International Standard Book Number: 978-0-323-17021-5
Director, eContent Solutions: Robin Carter Publishing Services Manager: Pat Joiner
Product Specialist: Shephali Graf Project Manager: Lisa A. P. Bushey
Content Coordinator: Samantha Taylor Book Designer: Brian Salisbury
Printed in China
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Consultants iii
Consultants
Timothy L. Brenner, PharmD, BCOP Sheila Seed, PharmD, MPH, RPh
Clinical Pharmacy Specialist Associate Professor and Vice Chair of Pharmacy
UPMC Cancer Centers Practice
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania MCPHS University
Worcester, Massachusetts
David S. Chun, PharmD, BCPS
Pharmacist Melissa Sellers, MSN, BSN, RN
Richmond Heights, Missouri Nursing Instructor
Jackson State Community College
Donna Ciulla, RPh Jackson, Tennessee
Faculty
Salem State University Travis E. Sonnett, PharmD, FASCP
Salem, Massachusetts; Clinical Pharmacy Specialist
Staff Pharmacist Spokane VA Medical Center
Lahey Health Systems Clinical Assistant Professor
Beverly, Massachusetts WSU College of Pharmacy
Spokane, Washington
Amanda Gross, RPh
Clinical Pharmacist Patricia A. Talbert, RN
Atrium Pharmacy Preoperative/Pain Clinic Nurse
University of Colorado Hospital Aromatherapist
Aurora, Colorado Herbalist
Horticulturist
Paul E. Milligan, PharmD Baxter Regional Medical Center
Clinical Lead Mountain Home, Arkansas
BJC Learning Institute
St. Louis, Missouri Shamim Tejani, PharmD
Clinical Pharmacist
Joshua J. Neumiller, PharmD, CDE, Adelante Healthcare
CGP, FASCP Phoenix, Arizona
Assistant Professor
Washington State University Kristine C. Willett, PharmD
Spokane, Washington Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice
MCPHS University
Kristin Oneail, MSN, RN Manchester, New Hampshire
Assistant Professor
Lourdes University
Sylvania, Ohio
Sarah R. Pool, RN, MS
Nursing Education Specialist, Cardiac Surgery
Mayo Clinic
Rochester, Minnesota
iv Preface
Preface
Mosby’s Drug Guide for Nursing Students, eleventh edition, is the most in-depth handbook avail-
able for nursing students! Since its first publication in 1996, more than 100 U.S. and Canadian
pharmacists and consultants have reviewed the book’s content closely. Today, Mosby’s Drug Guide
for Nursing Students is more up-to-date than ever—with features that make it easy to find critical
information fast!
NEW FEATURES Each monograph provides the following in-
• Common drugs seen on the NCLEX® examina- formation, whenever possible, for safe, effective
tion are highlighted to help in review. administration of each drug:
• Over 20 recent FDA-approved drugs for 2015
High-alert status: Identifies drugs with
are located throughout the book and in Appen-
the most potential to cause harm to patients if
dix A.
administered incorrectly.
NEW FACTS “Tall Man” lettering: Uses the capitaliza-
This edition features thousands of new drug tion of distinguishing letters to avoid medication
facts, including: errors and is required by the FDA for drug
• New drugs and new dosage information manufacturers.
• Newly researched adverse effects Pronunciation: Helps the nurse master
• New Black Box Warnings complex generic names.
• The latest precautions, interactions, and
contraindications Rx, OTC: Identifies prescription or over-the-
• IV therapy updates counter drugs.
• Revised nursing considerations Functional and chemical classifica-
• Updated patient/family education guidelines tions: Helps the nurse recognize similarities
• Updates on key new drug research and differences among drugs in the same
functional but different chemical classes.
ORGANIZATION
Pregnancy category: Notes FDA
This handbook is organized into four main
pregnancy categories A, B, C, D, and X at the
sections:
beginning of each monograph, as well as under
• Individual drug monographs (in alphabetical
Precautions or Contraindications, depending on
order by generic name)
FDA category. Appendix D provides a detailed
• Drug Categories
explanation of each category.
• Appendixes
• Illustrated mechanisms and sites of action Do not confuse: Presents drug names that
The guiding principle behind this book is to might easily be confused within each appropri-
provide fast, easy access to drug information ate monograph.
and nursing considerations. Every detail—from
Action: Describes pharmacologic properties
the cover, binding, and paper to the typeface,
concisely.
four-color design, and appendixes—has been
carefully chosen with the user in mind. Here’s Therapeutic outcome: Details all pos-
what you’ll find in each section of the handbook: sible results of medication use.
Individual Drug Monographs Uses: Lists the conditions the drug is used to
This book includes monographs for more than treat.
4000 generic and trade medications—those
Unlabeled uses: Describes drug uses that
most commonly administered by students.
may be encountered in practice but are not yet
Common trade names are given for all drugs
FDA approved.
regularly used in the United States and Canada,
with drugs available only in Canada identified by Dosages and routes: Lists all available
a maple leaf icon ( ). In addition to the maple and approved dosages and routes for adult,
leaf icon, we’ve added a NEW feature to help pediatric, and geriatric patients.
with your review. Select monographs, important Available forms: Includes tablets,
to learn and know for the NCLEX examination, capsules, extended release, injectables (IV, IM,
have been identified by a .
Preface v
SUBCUT), solutions, creams, ointments, lotions, functional class. It summarizes action, uses,
gels, shampoos, elixirs, suspensions, supposito- adverse effects, contraindications, precautions,
ries, sprays, aerosols, and lozenges. pharmacokinetics, interactions, and nursing
considerations for each functional class.
Adverse effects: Groups these reactions
by alphabetical body system, with common side Appendixes
effects italicized and life-threatening reactions
Selected new drugs: Includes compre-
in bold, red type for emphasis.
hensive information on 25 key drugs approved
Contraindications: Lists conditions under by the FDA during the last 12 months.
which the drug absolutely should not be given,
Ophthalmic, nasal, topical, and
including FDA pregnancy safety categories D
otic products: Provides essential informa-
and X.
tion for 140 ophthalmic, nasal, topical, and otic
Precautions: Lists conditions that require products commonly used today, grouped by
special consideration when the drug is chemical drug class.
prescribed, including FDA pregnancy safety
Vaccines and toxoids: Features an easy-
categories A, B, and C.
to-use table with generic and trade names, uses,
Black Box Warnings: Identifies FDA dosages and routes, and contraindications for
warnings that highlight serious and life-threaten- 39 key vaccines and toxoids.
ing adverse effects.
Abbreviations and pregnancy
Pharmacokinetics/pharmacody- categories: Lists abbreviations alphabetically
namics: Features a quick-reference chart of with their meanings and explains the five FDA
concise facts of pharmacokinetics (absorption, pregnancy categories.
distribution, metabolism, excretion, half-life)
Immunization schedule: Recom-
and pharmacodynamics (onset, peak, duration).
mended childhood and adolescent immuniza-
Interactions: Lists confirmed drug, food, tion schedules.
herb, and lab test interactions.
Standard Precautions: Used in the care
Nursing considerations: Identifies key of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or
nursing considerations for each step of the nurs- disease.
ing process: Assessment, Implementation, Pa-
Illustrated mechanisms and sites of
tient/Family Education, and Evaluation, includ-
action: These 13 detailed, full-color illustra-
ing positive therapeutic outcomes. Instructions
tions are added to help enhance the understand-
for giving drugs by various routes (e.g., IV, PO,
ing of the mechanism or site of action for the
IM, SUBCUT, topically, rectally) appear under
following drugs and drug classes:
Implementation, with route subheadings in bold.
• Anticholinergic bronchodilators
Compatibilities: Lists syringe, Y-site, and • Antidepressants
additive compatibilities and incompatibilities. • Antidiabetic agents
If no compatibilities are listed for a drug, the • Antifungal agents
necessary compatibility testing has not been done • Antiinfective agents
and that compatibility information is unknown. • Antiretroviral agents
To ensure safety, assume that the drug may not be • Benzodiazepines
mixed with other drugs unless specifically stated. • Diuretics
• Laxatives
Nursing Alert icon : Highlights situ-
• Narcotic agonist-antagonist analgesics
ations in which the patient could potentially be
• Narcotic analgesics
at risk.
• Phenytoin
Treatment of overdose: Lists drugs and • Sympatholytics
treatments for overdoses where appropriate.
Photo atlas of drug administration:
Drug Categories This practical resource for students and practi-
The Drug Categories section, following the tioners lists standard precautions and provides
individual drug monographs, provides general more than 20 full-color illustrations depicting
information about the various functional classes the physical landmarks and administration
to promote learning about the similarities techniques used for IV, IM, SUBCUT, and ID drug
and differences among drugs in the same delivery.
vi Preface
The following sources were consulted in the Acknowledgments
preparation of this edition:
Blumenthal M: The Complete German Com- I am indebted to the nursing and pharmacology
mission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to consultants who reviewed the manuscript and
Herbal Medicines, Austin, 1998, American Bo- pages and thank them for their criticism and en-
tanical Council. couragement. I would also like to thank Robin
Brunton L, Lazo J, Parker K: Goodman and Carter and Shephali Graf, my editors, whose
Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Thera- active encouragement and enthusiasm have
peutics, ed 11, New York, 2006, McGraw-Hill. made this book better than it might otherwise
Clinical Pharmacology [database online], have been. I am likewise grateful to Pat Joiner,
Tampa, 2014, Gold Standard, Inc. http://www. Lisa Bushey, and Mike Ederer at Graphic World
clinicalpharmacology.com. Updated March Inc., for the coordination of the production
2014. process and assistance with the development of
Gahart BL, Nazareno AR: Intravenous Medica- the new edition.
tions, ed 29, St. Louis, 2013, Mosby.
McKenry LM, Tessier E, Hogan MA: Mosby’s Linda Skidmore-Roth
Pharmacology in Nursing, ed 22, St. Louis,
2006, Mosby.