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Mosby's Drug Guide for Nursing Students PDF

1311 Pages·2014·30.984 MB·English
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Pediatric, geriatric, High Alert header Canadian drugs and other special highlights drugs that identified with a dosages included pose the greatest risk if maple-leaf icon throughout administered improperly Easily confused drug names located beneath header Pregnancy categories appear under contraindications (D or X) or precautions (A, B, or C) Black Box Warnings easily identify serious and life-threatening FDA warnings Subheadings Common and indicate various life-threatening administration adverse effects routes grouped by body system Pediatric, geriatric, High Alert header Canadian drugs and other special highlights drugs that identified with a dosages included pose the greatest risk if maple-leaf icon throughout administered improperly Easily confused drug names located beneath header Pregnancy categories appear under contraindications (D or X) or precautions (A, B, or C) Black Box Warnings easily identify serious and life-threatening FDA warnings Subheadings Common and indicate various life-threatening administration adverse effects routes grouped by body system YOU’VE JUST PURCHASED MORE THAN A TEXTBOOK! Evolve Student Resources for Skidmore-Roth: Mosby’s Drug Guide for Nursing Students, Eleventh Edition, include the following: • Animations of Drug Actions Engaging drug animations of drug actions to help you see the actions “in motion.” • Drug Monographs—Recently Approved Offers a table of drugs approved by the FDA after publication of the book, including links to approved product inserts. Activate the complete learning experience that comes with each NEW textbook purchase by registering at http://evolve.elsevier.com/ nursingdrugupdates/Skidmore/NDG REGISTER TODAY! You can now purchase Elsevier products on Evolve! Go to evolve.elsevier.com/html/shop-promo.html to search and browse for products. Linda Skidmore-Roth, RN, MSN, NP Consultant Littleton, Colorado Formerly, Nursing Faculty New Mexico State University Las Cruces, New Mexico El Paso Community College El Paso, Texas 3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043 MOSBY’S DRUG GUIDE FOR NURSING STUDENTS, ISBN: 978-0-323-17021-5 ELEVENTH EDITION ISSN: 2213-4409 Copyright © 2015, 2013 by Mosby, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2011, 2009, 2007, 2005, 2003, 2001, 1999, 1997, 1996 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treat- ment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such in- formation or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own ex- perience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treat- ment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, neg- ligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. International Standard Book Number: 978-0-323-17021-5 Director, eContent Solutions: Robin Carter Publishing Services Manager: Pat Joiner Product Specialist: Shephali Graf Project Manager: Lisa A. P. Bushey Content Coordinator: Samantha Taylor Book Designer: Brian Salisbury Printed in China Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Consultants iii Consultants Timothy L. Brenner, PharmD, BCOP Sheila Seed, PharmD, MPH, RPh Clinical Pharmacy Specialist Associate Professor and Vice Chair of Pharmacy UPMC Cancer Centers Practice Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania MCPHS University Worcester, Massachusetts David S. Chun, PharmD, BCPS Pharmacist Melissa Sellers, MSN, BSN, RN Richmond Heights, Missouri Nursing Instructor Jackson State Community College Donna Ciulla, RPh Jackson, Tennessee Faculty Salem State University Travis E. Sonnett, PharmD, FASCP Salem, Massachusetts; Clinical Pharmacy Specialist Staff Pharmacist Spokane VA Medical Center Lahey Health Systems Clinical Assistant Professor Beverly, Massachusetts WSU College of Pharmacy Spokane, Washington Amanda Gross, RPh Clinical Pharmacist Patricia A. Talbert, RN Atrium Pharmacy Preoperative/Pain Clinic Nurse University of Colorado Hospital Aromatherapist Aurora, Colorado Herbalist Horticulturist Paul E. Milligan, PharmD Baxter Regional Medical Center Clinical Lead Mountain Home, Arkansas BJC Learning Institute St. Louis, Missouri Shamim Tejani, PharmD Clinical Pharmacist Joshua J. Neumiller, PharmD, CDE, Adelante Healthcare CGP, FASCP Phoenix, Arizona Assistant Professor Washington State University Kristine C. Willett, PharmD Spokane, Washington Associate Professor of Pharmacy Practice MCPHS University Kristin Oneail, MSN, RN Manchester, New Hampshire Assistant Professor Lourdes University Sylvania, Ohio Sarah R. Pool, RN, MS Nursing Education Specialist, Cardiac Surgery Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota iv Preface Preface Mosby’s Drug Guide for Nursing Students, eleventh edition, is the most in-depth handbook avail- able for nursing students! Since its first publication in 1996, more than 100 U.S. and Canadian pharmacists and consultants have reviewed the book’s content closely. Today, Mosby’s Drug Guide for Nursing Students is more up-to-date than ever—with features that make it easy to find critical information fast! NEW FEATURES Each monograph provides the following in- • Common drugs seen on the NCLEX® examina- formation, whenever possible, for safe, effective tion are highlighted to help in review. administration of each drug: • Over 20 recent FDA-approved drugs for 2015 High-alert status: Identifies drugs with are located throughout the book and in Appen- the most potential to cause harm to patients if dix A. administered incorrectly. NEW FACTS “Tall Man” lettering: Uses the capitaliza- This edition features thousands of new drug tion of distinguishing letters to avoid medication facts, including: errors and is required by the FDA for drug • New drugs and new dosage information manufacturers. • Newly researched adverse effects Pronunciation: Helps the nurse master • New Black Box Warnings complex generic names. • The latest precautions, interactions, and contraindications Rx, OTC: Identifies prescription or over-the- • IV therapy updates counter drugs. • Revised nursing considerations Functional and chemical classifica- • Updated patient/family education guidelines tions: Helps the nurse recognize similarities • Updates on key new drug research and differences among drugs in the same functional but different chemical classes. ORGANIZATION Pregnancy category: Notes FDA This handbook is organized into four main pregnancy categories A, B, C, D, and X at the sections: beginning of each monograph, as well as under • Individual drug monographs (in alphabetical Precautions or Contraindications, depending on order by generic name) FDA category. Appendix D provides a detailed • Drug Categories explanation of each category. • Appendixes • Illustrated mechanisms and sites of action Do not confuse: Presents drug names that The guiding principle behind this book is to might easily be confused within each appropri- provide fast, easy access to drug information ate monograph. and nursing considerations. Every detail—from Action: Describes pharmacologic properties the cover, binding, and paper to the typeface, concisely. four-color design, and appendixes—has been carefully chosen with the user in mind. Here’s Therapeutic outcome: Details all pos- what you’ll find in each section of the handbook: sible results of medication use. Individual Drug Monographs Uses: Lists the conditions the drug is used to This book includes monographs for more than treat. 4000 generic and trade medications—those Unlabeled uses: Describes drug uses that most commonly administered by students. may be encountered in practice but are not yet Common trade names are given for all drugs FDA approved. regularly used in the United States and Canada, with drugs available only in Canada identified by Dosages and routes: Lists all available a maple leaf icon ( ). In addition to the maple and approved dosages and routes for adult, leaf icon, we’ve added a NEW feature to help pediatric, and geriatric patients. with your review. Select monographs, important Available forms: Includes tablets, to learn and know for the NCLEX examination, capsules, extended release, injectables (IV, IM, have been identified by a . Preface v SUBCUT), solutions, creams, ointments, lotions, functional class. It summarizes action, uses, gels, shampoos, elixirs, suspensions, supposito- adverse effects, contraindications, precautions, ries, sprays, aerosols, and lozenges. pharmacokinetics, interactions, and nursing considerations for each functional class. Adverse effects: Groups these reactions by alphabetical body system, with common side Appendixes effects italicized and life-threatening reactions Selected new drugs: Includes compre- in bold, red type for emphasis. hensive information on 25 key drugs approved Contraindications: Lists conditions under by the FDA during the last 12 months. which the drug absolutely should not be given, Ophthalmic, nasal, topical, and including FDA pregnancy safety categories D otic products: Provides essential informa- and X. tion for 140 ophthalmic, nasal, topical, and otic Precautions: Lists conditions that require products commonly used today, grouped by special consideration when the drug is chemical drug class. prescribed, including FDA pregnancy safety Vaccines and toxoids: Features an easy- categories A, B, and C. to-use table with generic and trade names, uses, Black Box Warnings: Identifies FDA dosages and routes, and contraindications for warnings that highlight serious and life-threaten- 39 key vaccines and toxoids. ing adverse effects. Abbreviations and pregnancy Pharmacokinetics/pharmacody- categories: Lists abbreviations alphabetically namics: Features a quick-reference chart of with their meanings and explains the five FDA concise facts of pharmacokinetics (absorption, pregnancy categories. distribution, metabolism, excretion, half-life) Immunization schedule: Recom- and pharmacodynamics (onset, peak, duration). mended childhood and adolescent immuniza- Interactions: Lists confirmed drug, food, tion schedules. herb, and lab test interactions. Standard Precautions: Used in the care Nursing considerations: Identifies key of all patients regardless of their diagnosis or nursing considerations for each step of the nurs- disease. ing process: Assessment, Implementation, Pa- Illustrated mechanisms and sites of tient/Family Education, and Evaluation, includ- action: These 13 detailed, full-color illustra- ing positive therapeutic outcomes. Instructions tions are added to help enhance the understand- for giving drugs by various routes (e.g., IV, PO, ing of the mechanism or site of action for the IM, SUBCUT, topically, rectally) appear under following drugs and drug classes: Implementation, with route subheadings in bold. • Anticholinergic bronchodilators Compatibilities: Lists syringe, Y-site, and • Antidepressants additive compatibilities and incompatibilities. • Antidiabetic agents If no compatibilities are listed for a drug, the • Antifungal agents necessary compatibility testing has not been done • Antiinfective agents and that compatibility information is unknown. • Antiretroviral agents To ensure safety, assume that the drug may not be • Benzodiazepines mixed with other drugs unless specifically stated. • Diuretics • Laxatives Nursing Alert icon : Highlights situ- • Narcotic agonist-antagonist analgesics ations in which the patient could potentially be • Narcotic analgesics at risk. • Phenytoin Treatment of overdose: Lists drugs and • Sympatholytics treatments for overdoses where appropriate. Photo atlas of drug administration: Drug Categories This practical resource for students and practi- The Drug Categories section, following the tioners lists standard precautions and provides individual drug monographs, provides general more than 20 full-color illustrations depicting information about the various functional classes the physical landmarks and administration to promote learning about the similarities techniques used for IV, IM, SUBCUT, and ID drug and differences among drugs in the same delivery. vi Preface The following sources were consulted in the Acknowledgments preparation of this edition: Blumenthal M: The Complete German Com- I am indebted to the nursing and pharmacology mission E Monographs: Therapeutic Guide to consultants who reviewed the manuscript and Herbal Medicines, Austin, 1998, American Bo- pages and thank them for their criticism and en- tanical Council. couragement. I would also like to thank Robin Brunton L, Lazo J, Parker K: Goodman and Carter and Shephali Graf, my editors, whose Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Thera- active encouragement and enthusiasm have peutics, ed 11, New York, 2006, McGraw-Hill. made this book better than it might otherwise Clinical Pharmacology [database online], have been. I am likewise grateful to Pat Joiner, Tampa, 2014, Gold Standard, Inc. http://www. Lisa Bushey, and Mike Ederer at Graphic World clinicalpharmacology.com. Updated March Inc., for the coordination of the production 2014. process and assistance with the development of Gahart BL, Nazareno AR: Intravenous Medica- the new edition. tions, ed 29, St. Louis, 2013, Mosby. McKenry LM, Tessier E, Hogan MA: Mosby’s Linda Skidmore-Roth Pharmacology in Nursing, ed 22, St. Louis, 2006, Mosby.

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