Mosby's Comprehensive Review of Radiography: The Complete Study Guide and Career Planner

272 Pages·2016·6.627 MB·English

by  William J. Callaway MA RT(R)

Mosby’s Comprehensive
Review of Radiography
The Complete Study Guide and Career Planner
Seventh Edition
William J. Callaway, MA, RT(R)
Radiography Educator, Author, Speaker
Springfield, Illinois
3251 Riverport Lane
St. Louis, Missouri 63043
MOSBY’S COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF RADIOGRAPHY:
THE COMPLETE STUDY GUIDE AND CAREER PLANNER,
SEVENTH EDITION ISBN: 978-0-323-35423-3
Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All Rights Reserved.
Previous editions copyrighted 2013, 2008, 2006, 2002, 2000, 1998, 1995.
No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical,
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This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than
as may be noted herein).
Notices
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our
understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using
any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods,
they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a profes-
sional responsibility.
With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current
information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered,
to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications.
It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make
diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate
safety precautions.
To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors assume any
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herein.
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Callaway, William J. (William Joseph), 1951- , author.
Mosby’s comprehensive review of radiography : the complete study guide and career planner /
William J. Callaway. -- Seventh edition.
p. ; cm.
Comprehensive review of radiography
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-323-35423-3 (pbk. : alk. paper)
I. Title. II. Title: Comprehensive review of radiography.
[DNLM: 1. Radiography--Examination Questions. 2. Technology, Radiologic--
Examination Questions. 3. Vocational Guidance--Examination Questions. WN 18.2]
RC78.17
616.07’572076--dc23
2015036336
Content Strategist: Sonya Seigafuse
Content Development Manager: Billie Sharp
Content Development Specialist: Sarah Vora
Publishing Services Manager: Hemamalini Rajendrababu
Senior Project Manager: Kamatchi Madhavan
Design Direction: Ashley Miner
Printed in United States of America
Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
About the Author
William J. Callaway, MA, RT(R), has been involved in radi- He is widely known for his conference presentations
ography education for more than 40 years. He has directed for students, educators, and practicing technologists at
both collegiate associate degree and hospital-sponsored radi- international, national, state, and local radiologic technol-
ography programs in addition to teaching the subjects cov- ogy meetings. He has given more than 500 presentations,
ered in this text. He is co-author of Introduction to Radiologic which include “Pass It the First Time: Preparing for the
Technology, also published by Elsevier, and has had writings Certification Exam”; “And You Thought X-Ray Physics Had
published in state and national radiologic technology jour- to Be Boring!”; “It’s More Than a Smile: A Fresh Perspective
nals. Mr. Callaway has held elected office in the Association on Patient Care”; “Giving Effective Conference Presenta-
of Collegiate Educators in Radiologic Technology (ACERT) tions”; and “Win That Job!”
and the Association of Educators in Imaging and Radiologic
Sciences (AEIRS).
v
To our family’s next generation, our grandchildren:
Alex, Kailin, Mariah, Jacob, Mikella,
Makenna, Troy, Madalyn, and Freddy
Reviewers
Karen Callaway, MA, SPHR Anna N. Phillips, MS, RT(R)(CT)
Executive Vice President, Organizational Strategy Department Head
H.D. Smith Radiography
Springfield, Illinois Randolph Community College
Asheboro, North Carolina
Mary Ellen Carpenter, MA, RT(R)(CV)(CT)
Radiography Program Directory Jeannean Hall Rollins, MRC, RT(R)(CV)(ARRT)
Essex County College Associate Professor
Newark, New Jersey Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences
Arkansas State University
Tammara M. Chaffee, M.Ed, RT(R)(M) Jonesboro, Arkansas
Assistant Professor
Dona Ana Community College Breanna Wright
Las Cruces, New Mexico Radiologic Technologist Student
Medical Imaging and Radiologic Sciences
Tiffany Goodwin, RT(R) Arkansas State University
Radiologic Technologist Jonesboro, Arkansas
Poplar Bluff, Missouri
Jim Partin, RT(R)
Radiology Instructor
Spencerian College
Louisville, Kentucky
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Preface
Content and Organization New Content and Features
Completely updated for the latest certification exam speci- This new edition is written to the latest radiography exam
fications, Mosby’s Comprehensive Review of Radiography is content specifications used by the ARRT effective Janu-
designed for students as a study guide throughout their radi- ary 1, 2017, making this the most up-to-date review book
ography education and as a review book as they prepare to available. Coverage of digital imaging, already included in
take the Registry examination. previous editions, has been once again updated to reflect
Part I begins right where students need to begin, guiding its importance on the certification exam. The relative num-
them through an assessment of their study skills and time ber of questions asked in each of the four new ARRT con-
management, both critical to success in the radiography tent categories has been updated in the challenge tests in
program and reviewing. The complete topic outline of the chapter 6 as well as the tests on Evolve. New ARRT ques-
radiography exam administered by the American Registry of tion formats are included, such as exhibits, sorted list,
Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) is provided to help stu- multi-select, and combined response. The relative number
dents visualize the breadth of information they need to mas- of questions asked in each of the four new ARRT con-
ter. Tips on answering questions ensure that students will be tent categories has been updated in the challenge tests in
able to manage the styles of questions they will encounter chapter 6 as well as the tests on Evolve. New ARRT ques-
on the ARRT exam. tion formats are included, such as exhibits, sorted list,
The highlight of Part I is a comprehensive review, in out- multi-select, and combined response.
line form, of the major content areas covered on the ARRT One of the most popular features of this study guide is
exam in radiography. Each content review is followed by a the material available on the Evolve website. Those ques-
set of 100 questions related specifically to that topic. After tions can be accessed anywhere the student has Internet
students have reviewed all subject areas, they are ready to access, whether at home or in the palm of the hand. These
take the three 200-question challenge tests in Chapter 6. All questions are designed to simulate the computer-based
questions are written in formats used by the ARRT. Answers exam administered by the ARRT. In tutorial mode, students
and rationales for the review questions and challenge tests may answer hundreds of multiple-choice questions for
are provided in the appendix. each ARRT content area. Rationales and study tips provide
To prepare students to master the material and be fully immediate feedback, and questions can be bookmarked for
prepared for the Registry exam, the Evolve website that later reference. In test mode a virtually unlimited number
accompanies the text provides hundreds of additional ques- of randomly generated 200-question multiple-choice exams
tions based on the Registry exam content outline and writ- are available.
ten in formats used by the ARRT. These resources make this the premier radiography
Unlike other review books, Mosby’s Comprehensive Review review book and study guide, all in one product.
of Radiography also serves students as a career planner.
Part  II, Career Planning, provides students the oppor- How to Use This Book
tunity to inventory their interests and set goals for pro-
fessional development. It gives suggestions for satisfying This study guide is particularly effective for use throughout
professional continuing education requirements. Valu- the radiography program. The content outline may be ref-
able information and resources on radiologic specialties erenced as a supplement to courses in the radiography cur-
and academic degrees are presented to further assist stu- riculum. The study questions are excellent aids to learning
dents with career planning. Part II also offers examples in all of the subject areas.
of actual resumes and important information and tips on As a review book, this text provides a logical, well-
interviewing. To further ease the transition into the health thought-out approach to preparing for the Registry exam.
care workplace, Part II describes employer expectations in The content outline, so effective throughout the educational
detail. No other book provides all of this valuable informa- program, is particularly appreciated at review time. Con-
tion to help students make the transition into their careers tent that may be tested is presented in a format that is easy
as practicing radiographers. to use and understand. Because I teach these subjects, my
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xii Preface
approach to the reader is the same as if class were being held publications. Permission to reproduce ARRT copyrighted
each time the book is opened. I have provided rationales materials within this publication should not be construed as
to answers where appropriate. In most cases, I provide key an endorsement of the publication by the ARRT.
points regarding the answer, study suggestions, or both. For
other questions, such as labeled drawings or radiographs, Acknowledgments
the answers may be obvious and do not require a detailed
explanation. You will also encounter facts asked in multiple Elsevier once again assembled a great team to bring this
ways, challenging you to think about information in dif- project to fruition. Special acknowledgment goes to Sonya
ferent ways. This will help prepare you for whatever form Seigafuse and Billie Sharp for their leadership and enthusi-
the questions may be asked on the certification examination astic support of this text. Sarah Vora provided expert edit-
and will also reinforce the material by causing you to inter- ing, as well as guided manuscript development throughout
act with it more than once. In any case, be sure to return this entire project. Kamatchi Madhavan moved the project
to the chapter and use the study outline for detailed review toward completion by providing copyedited chapters and
and to reinforce concepts, facts, and illustrations that need page proofs in a timely and workable manner. Given the
extra attention. talents of the entire Elsevier staff, any errors or omissions
Care has been taken to create questions that cover the from this book are solely mine.
primary information taught in radiography programs and I extend my thanks to the hundreds of educators and
that are therefore relevant to the ARRT exam. This phi- tens of thousands of students who have used this text and
losophy, coupled with the outline form, helps students given it their overwhelming support. Their positive com-
make optimal use of study time. Explanations of answers ments and suggestions have been incorporated and make
are written in the same style I use in my own classes. This it better than ever. I express my sincere appreciation to the
student-friendly approach will be appreciated for its direct reviewers for going over this text line by line and question
communication to the users of this text. Students who have by question.
difficulty understanding an answer are advised to return to Very special recognition goes to my family for their love
the study guide for additional review. This text should not and support of my professional endeavors, from speaking to
be viewed as a substitute for a textbook or coursework that writing. Thanks to my wife, Karen; our children Amy, Cara,
comprehensively covers a subject area. David, Adam, and Kim; and our grandchildren Alex, Kailin,
A final note on the use of this guide: Variation in the Mariah, Jacob, Mikella, Makenna, Troy, Madalyn, and
details of test content occurs across certification exams. Freddy. A very special recognition goes to Tootsie for keep-
Therefore inclusion of specific information in this guide ing me company during extended hours at the computer.
does not guarantee that it will be tested, and the exclusion of
certain information is not meant to suggest its absence from William J. Callaway
the exam. The ARRT does not review, evaluate, or endorse
Contents
Part I: Review and Study Guide 1 9 Interviewing Techniques 217
1 Preparation for Review 2 10 Employment Expectations 221
2 Patient Care 15 Appendixes
3 Safety 39 Answers to Review Questions 228
Bibliography 250
4 Image Production 58
Illustration Credits 251
5 Procedures 91
Index 252
6 Challenge Tests 154
Please note:
Part II: Career Planning 195 The ARRT does not review, evaluate, or endorse publications.
Permission to reproduce ARRT copyrighted materials within
7 Career Paths 196 this publication should not be construed as an endorsement of
the publication by the ARRT.
8 Writing a Professional Resume 210
xiii