Table Of Content

Contents Introduction for Students Preparing for the NCLEX-RN® Examination, 1 UNIT 1 FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE 1 Factors Influencing Client Needs and Nursing Care, 7 2 Basics of Nursing Practice, 14 3 Integral Aspects of Nursing Care, 24 4 Foundations of Nursing Practice Review Questions with Answers and Rationales, 51 UNIT 2 MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING 5 Growth and Development of the Adult, 88 6 Nursing Care of Clients with Circulatory System (Cardiovascular, Blood, and Lymphatic Systems) Disorders, 91 7 Nursing Care of Clients with Respiratory System Disorders, 119 8 Nursing Care of Clients with Gastrointestinal System Disorders, 137 9 Nursing Care of Clients with Endocrine System Disorders, 169 10 Nursing Care of Clients with Integumentary System Disorders, 185 11 Nursing Care of Clients with Neuromusculoskeletal System Disorders, 197 12 Nursing Care of Clients with Urinary/Reproductive System Disorders, 235 13 Nursing Care of Clients with Infectious Diseases, 249 14 Medical-Surgical Nursing Review Questions with Answers and Rationales, 260 UNIT 3 MENTAL HEALTH/PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 15 Foundations of Mental Health/Psychiatric Nursing, 407 16 The Practice of Mental Health/Psychiatric Nursing, 414 17 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders Usually First Evident in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence, 426 18 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders Related to Alterations in Cognition and Perception, 431 19 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders Related to Anxiety and Alterations in Mood, 437 20 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders Related to Alterations in Behavior, 446 21 Nursing Care of Clients with Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders, 456 22 Mental Health/Psychiatric Nursing Review Questions with Answers and Rationales, 458 UNIT 4 CHILDBEARING AND WOMEN’S HEALTH NURSING 23 Nursing Care to Promote Childbearing and Women’s Health, 519 24 Nursing Care Related to Major Disorders Affecting Women’s Health, 527 25 Nursing Care of Women during Uncomplicated Pregnancy, Labor, Childbirth, and the Postpartum Period, 536 26 Nursing Care of Women at Risk during Pregnancy, Labor, Childbirth, and the Postpartum Period, 550 27 Nursing Care of the Newborn, 565 28 Childbearing and Women’s Health Nursing Review Questions with Answers and Rationales, 579 UNIT 5 CHILD HEALTH NURSING 29 Foundations of Child Health Nursing, 639 30 Nursing Care of Infants, 643 31 Nursing Care of Toddlers, 671 32 Nursing Care of Preschoolers, 690 33 Nursing Care of School-Age Children, 697 34 Nursing Care of Adolescents, 706 35 Child Health Nursing Review Questions with Answers and Rationales, 710 UNIT 6 NCLEX PREPARATION TOOLKIT 36 Comprehensive Examination 1, 772 37 Study Worksheets for Reviewing Your Test-Taking Performance, 818 This page intentionally left blank EDITOR Patricia M. Nugent, RN, EdD Nugent Books, Inc., President Professor Emerita Nassau Community College Garden City, New York ASSOCIATE EDITORS Judith S. Green, RN, MA Professor Emerita Nassau Community College Garden City, New York Mary Ann Hellmer Saul, RNCS, PhD Professor Nassau Community College Garden City, New York EDITOR EMERITA Phyllis K. Pelikan, RN, MA President PKP Books, Inc. Professor Emerita Nassau Community College Garden City, New York 3251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043 MOSBY’S COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF NURSING FOR THE NCLEX-RN EXAMINATION ISBN: 978-0-323-07895-5 Copyright © 2012 by Mosby, Inc., an imprint of Elsevier Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). NCLEX® and NCLEX-RN® are registered trademarks and service marks of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, Inc. Working together to grow libraries in developing countries www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. Previous editions copyrighted 2009, 2006, 2003, 1999, 1996, 1993, 1990, 1987, 1984, 1981, 1977, 1973, 1969, 1965, 1961, 1958, 1955, 1951, 1949 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mosby’s comprehensive review of nursing for the NCLEX-RN examination / editor, Patricia M. Nugent ; associate editors, Judith S. Green, Mary Ann Hellmer Saul ; editor emerita, Phyllis K. Pelikan.—20th ed. p. ; cm. Comprehensive review of nursing for the NCLEX-RN examination Rev. ed. of: Mosby’s comprehensive review of nursing for the NCLEX-RN examination / editors, Dolores F. Saxton, Patricia M. Nugent, Phyllis K. Pelikan. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-323-07895-5 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. National Council Licensure Examination for Registered Nurses—Study guides. 2. Nursing— Examinations, questions, etc. 3. Nursing—Outlines, syllabi, etc. I. Nugent, Patricia Mary II. Green, Judith S. III. Hellmer Saul, Mary Ann. IV. Title: Comprehensive review of nursing for the NCLEX-RN examination. [DNLM: 1. Nursing—Examination Questions. 2. Nursing—Outlines. WY 18.2] RT55.M64 2012 610.73076—dc23 2011020448 Executive Editor: Kristin Geen Senior Developmental Editor: Jamie Horn Publishing Services Manager: Deborah L. Vogel Project Manager: John W. Gabbert Design Direction: Karen Pauls Printed in the United States of America Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 v Teresa Burckhalter, MSN, RN, BC Nursing Faculty Technical College of the Lowcountry Beaufort, South Carolina Mary Helen Freter, MS, RN, CNE Assistant Professor of Nursing Health Sciences Division Tulsa Community College Tulsa, Oklahoma v Reviewers Norlyn Hyde, RN, BC, MSN, CNS Professor of Nursing Division of Nursing Louisiana Technical University Ruston, Louisiana Norah Johnson, PhD, RN, CPNP Assistant Professor College of Nursing Marquette University Milwaukee, Wisconsin continued vi Pamela Newland, PhD, RN Assistant Professor School of Nursing Southern Illinois University Edwardsville Edwardsville, Illinois Linda Rosier, RN, MSN, IBCLC Associate Professor Nursing Program Montgomery College Takoma Park, Maryland Donna Russo, RN, MSN, CCRN, CNE Nursing Instructor ARIA Health School of Nursing Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Kim Silvey, MSN, RN Assistant Professor Department of Nursing Morehead State University Morehead, Kentucky Katrina Allen Thomas, RN, MSN, CCRN Nursing Instructor Nursing Faulkner State Community College Bay Minette, Alabama Reviewers—cont'd Companion CD Audio Key Points Written by: Sharon Souter, PhD, RN, CNE Dean and Associate Professor Scott and White College of Nursing University of Mary Hardin-Baylor Belton, Texas Narrated by: Carolyn Kruse Above the Dogs St. Peters, Missouri vii vii To my husband Neil, the love of my life Thank you for always being there for me Patricia Nugent To my family Dale and Art, Richard, Eric and Miriam, Cheryl, and Steven Thank you for your unconditional support Judith Green To my children George, Matt, and Meredith for their inspiration and for teaching me so many valuable life lessons Mary Ann Hellmer Saul To my family The proverbial “Wind beneath my Wings” Phyllis K. Pelikan viii The information in Mosby’s Comprehensive Review of Nursing for the NCLEX-RN Examination has been totally revised and updated for this 20th edition. The progression of subject matter in each area reflects the consistent approach that has been used throughout the book. Information presented incorporates the latest knowledge, newest trends, and current practices in the profession of nursing. The Introduction for Students Preparing for the Licensure Examination provides information about the NCLEX-RN® Examination, including the classifications used in the test plan structure. It also reviews clues for answering multiple-choice questions, provides examples of alternate- format items, and discusses the comprehensive exams and how to use this book when studying. Foundations of Nursing Practice—Unit I (Chapters 1 through 3)—discusses factors that influence client needs, the basics of nursing practice, and integral aspects of nursing care. These chapters present information essential to the practice of nursing that is common to all of the clinical areas. Content related to Medical-Surgical Nursing is presented in Unit 2 (Chapters 5 through 13); content related to Mental Health/Psychiatric Nursing is presented in Unit 3 (Chapters 15 through 21); content related to Childbearing and Women’s Health Nursing is presented in Unit 4 (Chap- ters 23 through 27); and content related to Child Health Nursing is presented in Unit 5 (Chapters 29 through 34). Chapters 4, 14, 22, 28, and 35 consist of questions with their answers and rationales that relate to Foundations of Nursing Practice, Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mental Health Nursing, Childbearing and Women’s Health Nursing, and Child Health Nursing, respec- tively. Chapter 36 in Unit 6 contains a 265-item Comprehensive Exam that mirrors the NCLEX- RN® Examination. Chapter 37 in Unit 6 contains two Study Worksheets: Focus For Study Worksheet—Adapted NCLEX-RN Test Plan and Focus For Study Worksheet—Content Areas. These worksheets promote an individualized assessment that can focus future study. The Medical-Surgical, Mental Health/Psychiatric, Childbearing and Women’s Health, and Child Health Nursing chapters incorporate information from the basic sciences, nutrition, pharmacology, acute and long-term care, and physical and emotional nursing care. We continue to present the material in the traditional clinical groupings for we still believe that when preparing for a comprehensive examination, the average student will study all of the distinct parts before attempting to put them together. Although we believe that in practice the nursing process is continually evolving rather than remaining a clearly defined step-by-step process, we present the content under the following headings: Assessment/Analysis, Planning/Implementation, and Eval- uation/Outcomes. We believe that this grouping avoids needless repetition, recognizes the abilities of our readers, and reflects current practice. Over 4200 questions have been included in this edition of Mosby’s Comprehensive Review of Nursing for the NCLEX-RN Examination. More than 500 of them are new questions that reflect the increased emphasis on Management of Care, Reduction of Risk Potential, and Alternate Format Items. Although the majority of the questions are multiple-choice, the number of alternate format items (e.g., multiple-response items, ordered-response items, fill-in-the-blank items, hot spot items, and exhibit items) in the book was increased to 618. The questions in Chapters 4, 14, 22, 28, and 35 are grouped according to the chapter in which the content of the question is presented. For every question in this edition and on the CD-ROM we have provided rationales that state the reason why the correct answer is correct, as well as why the incorrect answers are incorrect. To further assist the user in studying/reviewing by a specific content area, the questions are classified according to Client Need, Cognitive Level, Nursing Process, Integrated Process (if applicable), and Reference. The Reference category at the end of each answer/rationale refers the student to the chapter and major headings under which the content in the question is presented in more detail in Mosby’s Comprehensive Review of Nursing for the NCLEX-RN Examination. One Comprehensive Exam is included in this textbook and on the Companion CD, along with a second Comprehensive Exam that appears only on the Companion CD-ROM. These Preface ix comprehensive exams provide an opportunity for the test taker to experience testing situations that approximate the NCLEX-RN®. To parallel the NCLEX-RN®, the first 75 questions in each test reflect the minimal testing experience for students taking the NCLEX-RN®. The total number of 265 questions in each test reflects the maximum number of questions that a student can take on the NCLEX-RN®. On the CD all of the questions in the comprehensive exams have been analyzed as to Client Need, Cognitive Level, Nursing Process, Integrated Processes (if applicable), and Refer- ence to content in Mosby’s Comprehensive Review of Nursing for the NCLEX-RN Examination. The Companion CD-ROM contains the 2245 questions from the book, as well as 1965 addi- tional test questions that can be used in both study and test format. These questions also have been categorized by Client Need, Cognitive Level, Nursing Process, and Integrated Process (if applicable). Whether the test taker answers these questions in a written or computerized format the information being tested remains constant. To reinforce learned information and build con- fidence in taking a computerized test, we suggest that students practice answering questions on this CD to simulate the computerized NCLEX-RN®. The Companion CD has three practice modes: Study, Quiz, and Exam. The Study and Quiz modes allow a selection of topics and catego- ries to create an exam consisting of as many items as desired. The Study mode provides immediate feedback and rationales as each question is answered. The Quiz mode provides an analysis of performance once all the questions on the exam have been answered. The Exam mode includes two Comprehensive Exams with 265 questions each that will appear in random order each time the test is taken. A third option, Comprehensive Exam Random generates 265 questions randomly from all questions available. Content selection allows for a choice of questions by client need, step of the nursing process, or content area to individualize a focused study. The Companion CD also includes brand new mp3 key point summaries that can be downloaded for on-the-go review. All of the questions used in this edition have been submitted by outstanding educators and practitioners/health care providers of nursing. Initially the editorial board reviewed all questions, selecting the most pertinent for inclusion in a mass field-testing project or analysis by a panel of expert nursing educators. Students graduating from baccalaureate, associate degree, and diploma nursing programs in various locations in the United States provided a diverse group for the mass field-testing project or focus group sessions. Results were statistically analyzed. This analysis, in addition to the input from the panel of expert nursing educators, was used to select questions for inclusion in the book. We would like to take this opportunity to thank Kristin Geen, Executive Editor, for her mas- terful leadership; Jamie Horn, Senior Developmental Editor, for her dedication to this project and for keeping us focused; Johnny Gabbert, Project Manager, for being always available and having the answers to all of our questions; Karen Pauls, Designer, for taking a complex manuscript and making it easy on the eyes and brain; Debbie Prato, Copyeditor, for ensuring a crisp, accurate manuscript; and finally Eloise DeHaan, Proofreader, for her meticulous attention to detail in relation to content and format. In addition, we recognize the exemplary work of the Contributing Authors, Contributing Item Writers, and Reviewers that reflects their dedication and expertise. We thank our proofreaders Erin Mitchell, Frances Timcheck, Kathleen Ashker, Cheryl Wolff, and Dorene Lebowitz for their help in the final stages of manuscript preparation. A special thank you goes to Barbara Vitale for work over and beyond the call of her content editorial duties. We especially appreciate our families for their patience and understanding when the production of this book consumed most of our time and energy. Patricia M. Nugent Judith S. Green Mary Ann Hellmer Saul x Contents Introduction for Students Preparing for the NCLEX-RN® Examination, 1 Overview, 1 Classification of Questions, 1 General Clues for Answering Multiple-Choice Questions, 2 Alternate Item Formats, 3 Comprehensive Examinations, 5 Companion CD, 5 How to Use This Book When Studying, 5 Taking the Licensure Examination, 6 UNIT 1 FOUNDATIONS OF NURSING PRACTICE 1 Factors Influencing Client Needs and Nursing Care, 7 Concepts from Sociology, 7 Hierarchy of Needs, 10 Individual Factors Affecting Health, 10 Stress Response, 11 Grieving Process, 11 Health-Illness Continuum and Rehabilitation, 11 Type of Condition Affecting Client, 13 Level of Preventive Care, 13 2 Basics of Nursing Practice, 14 Nursing Process, 14 Ensuring Quality Health Care, 14 Communication, 14 Teaching-Learning, 17 Leadership and Management, 17 Nursing Practice and the Law, 19 Medication Administration, 21 3 Integral Aspects of Nursing Care, 24 Pain, 24 Infection, 27 Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance, 34 Perioperative Care, 40 Neoplastic Disorders, 45 Emergency Situations, 49 4 Foundations of Nursing Practice Review Questions with Answers and Rationales, 51 Questions, 51 Answers and Rationales, 67 UNIT 2 MEDICAL-SURGICAL NURSING 5 Growth and Development of the Adult, 88 The Young Adult (Age 20 to 44 Years), 88 The Middle-Age Adult (Age 45 to 59 Years), 88 The Young-Older Adult (Age 60 to 74 Years), 89 The Middle-Older Adult (Age 75 to 84 Years) and Old-Older Adult (Age 85+ Years), 89 6 Nursing Care of Clients with Circulatory System (Cardiovascular, Blood, and Lymphatic Systems) Disorders, 91 Overview, 91 Major Disorders of the Circulatory System (Cardiovascular, Blood, and Lymphatic Systems), 107 7 Nursing Care of Clients with Respiratory System Disorders, 119 Overview, 119 Major Disorders of the Respiratory System, 128 8 Nursing Care of Clients with Gastrointestinal System Disorders, 137 Overview, 137 Major Disorders of the Gastrointestinal System, 147 9 Nursing Care of Clients with Endocrine System Disorders, 169 Overview, 169 Major Disorders of the Endocrine System, 173 10 Nursing Care of Clients with Integumentary System Disorders, 185 Overview, 185 Major Disorders of the Integumentary System, 187 11 Nursing Care of Clients with Neuromusculoskeletal System Disorders, 197 Overview, 197 Major Disorders of the Neuromusculoskeletal System, 212 xi 12 Nursing Care of Clients with Urinary/Reproductive System Disorders, 235 Overview, 235 Major Disorders of Urinary/Reproductive Systems, 239 13 Nursing Care of Clients with Infectious Diseases, 249 Overview, 249 Related Procedures: Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions, 249 Major Infectious Diseases, 249 14 Medical-Surgical Nursing Review Questions with Answers and Rationales, 260 Questions, 260 Growth and Development, 260 Circulatory System (Cardiovascular, Blood, and Lymphatic Systems), 260 Respiratory System, 269 Gastrointestinal System, 274 Endocrine System, 285 Integumentary System, 293 Neuromusculoskeletal System, 295 Urinary/Reproductive Systems, 308 Infectious Diseases, 311 Drug-Related, 313 Answers and Rationales, 319 Growth and Development, 319 Circulatory System (Cardiovascular, Blood, and Lymphatic Systems), 320 Respiratory System, 333 Gastrointestinal System, 341 Endocrine System, 356 Integumentary System, 367 Neuromusculoskeletal System, 371 Urinary/Reproductive Systems, 390 Infectious Diseases, 395 Drug-Related Responses, 398 UNIT 3 MENTAL HEALTH/PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 15 Foundations of Mental Health/Psychiatric Nursing, 407 Development of Personality, 407 Physiology, Cognition, Emotions, and Behavior, 409 Anxiety and Coping Behaviors, 410 16 The Practice of Mental Health/Psychiatric Nursing, 414 Legal Concepts Related to Mental Health/Psychiatric Nursing, 414 Community Health Services, 415 Therapeutic Nurse-Client Relationship, 415 Crisis Intervention, 416 Nursing Care in Relation to Violence, 417 Nursing Care in Relation to Therapeutic Modalities, 418 17 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders Usually First Evident in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence, 426 Overview, 426 General Nursing Care Related to Disorders First Evident in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence, 426 Major Disorders First Evident in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence, 427 18 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders Related to Alterations in Cognition and Perception, 431 Overview, 431 General Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders Related to Alterations in Cognition and Perception, 431 Major Disorders Related to Alterations in Cognition and Perception, 431 19 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders Related to Anxiety and Alterations in Mood, 437 Overview, 437 Major Disorders Associated with Anxiety, 437 Major Somatoform Disorders, 440 Major Disorders Related to Alterations in Mood, 442 20 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders Related to Alterations in Behavior, 446 Overview, 446 Major Disorders Related to Alterations in Behavior, 446 21 Nursing Care of Clients with Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders, 456 Overview, 456 General Nursing Care of Clients with Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders, 456 xii Contents Major Disorders Associated with Sexual and Gender Identity Conditions, 456 22 Mental Health/Psychiatric Nursing Review Questions with Answers and Rationales, 458 Questions, 458 Foundations of Mental Health/Psychiatric Nursing, 458 The Practice of Mental Health/Psychiatric Nursing, 460 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders Usually First Evident in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence, 465 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders Related to Alterations in Cognition and Perception, 467 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders Related to Anxiety and Alterations in Mood, 471 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders Related to Alterations in Behavior, 477 Nursing Care of Clients with Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders, 481 Answers and Rationales, 483 Foundations of Mental Health/Psychiatric Nursing, 483 The Practice of Mental Health/Psychiatric Nursing, 486 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders Usually First Evident in Infancy, Childhood, or Adolescence, 493 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders Related to Alterations in Cognition and Perception, 496 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders Related to Anxiety and Alterations in Mood, 501 Nursing Care of Clients with Disorders Related to Alterations in Behavior, 511 Nursing Care of Clients with Sexual and Gender Identity Disorders, 516 UNIT 4 CHILDBEARING AND WOMEN’S HEALTH NURSING 23 Nursing Care to Promote Childbearing and Women’s Health, 519 Health Promotion, 519 Family Planning, 521 Related Procedures, 523 Related Pharmacology, 525 24 Nursing Care Related to Major Disorders Affecting Women’s Health, 527 Major Disorders Affecting Women’s Health, 527 25 Nursing Care of Women during Uncomplicated Pregnancy, Labor, Childbirth, and the Postpartum Period, 536 Prenatal Period, 536 Intrapartum Period (Labor and Birth), 540 Postpartum Period, 547 26 Nursing Care of Women at Risk during Pregnancy, Labor, Childbirth, and the Postpartum Period, 550 Tests to Identify and/or Monitor High-Risk Pregnancy, 550 Nursing Care of Pregnant Women with Special Needs, 551 Nursing Care of Pregnant Women with Preexisting Health Problems, 552 Nursing Care of Women with Complications during the Prenatal Period, 555 Nursing Care of Women with Complications During the Intrapartum Period, 559 Nursing Care of Women with Complications During the Postpartum Period, 563 27 Nursing Care of the Newborn, 565 Foundations of Nursing Care for Newborns, 565 Nursing Care of High-Risk Newborns, 572 28 Childbearing and Women’s Health Nursing Review Questions with Answers and Rationales, 579 Questions, 579 Nursing Care to Promote Childbearing and Women’s Health, 579 Nursing Care Related to Major Disorders Affecting Women’s Health, 581 Nursing Care of Women during Uncomplicated Pregnancy, Labor, Childbirth, and the Postpartum Period, 584 Nursing Care of Women at Risk during Pregnancy, Labor, Childbirth, and the Postpartum Period, 592 Nursing Care of the Newborn, 598 Answers and Rationales, 603 Nursing Care to Promote Childbearing and Women’s Health, 603 Nursing Care Related to Major Disorders Affecting Women’s Health, 606 Nursing Care of Women during Uncomplicated Pregnancy, Labor, Childbirth, and the Postpartum Period, 610 Nursing Care of Women at Risk during Pregnancy, Labor, Childbirth, and the Postpartum Period, 622 Nursing Care of the Newborn, 631 UNIT 5 CHILD HEALTH NURSING 29 Foundations of Child Health Nursing, 639 Growth and Development of the Child, 639 Play, 640 The Family, 640 Age-Related Responses to Pain, 641 Principles Related to Medications for Children, 642 Contents xiii 30 Nursing Care of Infants, 643 Growth and Development, 643 Health Promotion of Infants, 644 Hospitalization of Infants, 647 Health Problems That Begin in Infancy and May Persist through Childhood (Nursing Care Includes Care of the Infant and Child), 647 Gastrointestinal Malformations, 649 Cardiac Malformations, 653 Neurologic Malformations, 657 Genitourinary Malformations, 659 Skeletal Malformations, 660 Health Problems that Develop during Infancy, 663 31 Nursing Care of Toddlers, 671 Growth and Development, 671 Health Promotion of Toddlers, 672 Hospitalization of Toddlers, 673 Health Problems Most Common in Toddlers, 673 32 Nursing Care of Preschoolers, 690 Growth and Development, 690 Health Promotion of Preschoolers, 690 Hospitalization of Preschoolers, 691 Health Problems Most Common in Preschoolers, 691 33 Nursing Care of School-Age Children, 697 Growth and Development, 697 Health Promotion of School-Age Children, 697 Hospitalization of School-Age Children, 697 Health Problems Most Common in School-Age Children, 698 Skin Infections and Infestations, 704 34 Nursing Care of Adolescents, 706 Growth and Development, 706 Health Promotion during Adolescence, 706 Hospitalization of Adolescents, 707 Health Problems Most Common in Adolescents, 707 35 Child Health Nursing Review Questions with Answers and Rationales, 710 Questions, 710 Nursing Care of Infants, 710 Nursing Care of Toddlers, 719 Nursing Care of Preschoolers, 726 Nursing Care of School-Age Children, 729 Nursing Care of Adolescents, 732 Answers and Rationales, 735 Nursing Care of Infants, 735 Care of Toddlers, 748 Nursing Care of Preschoolers, 758 Nursing Care of School-Age Children, 763 Nursing Care of Adolescents, 768 UNIT 6 NCLEX PREPARATION TOOLKIT 36 Comprehensive Examination 1, 772 Review Questions: Part A, 772 Review Questions: Part B, 778 Answers and Rationales: Part A, 792 Answers and Rationales: Part B, 799 37 Study Worksheets for Reviewing Your Test-Taking Performance, 818 Introduction, 818 How to Maximize Use of the Comprehensive Examinations, 818 How to Develop a Focus for Study, 818