Morrison, Alexander (1985) Rural settlement in the Scottish Highlands, 1750-1850

325 Pages·2009·13.27 MB·English

Morrison, Alexander (1985) Rural settlement in the Scottish Highlands,
1750-1850: a comparative study of Lochtayside and Assynt. PhD thesis.

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RURAL SETTLEMENT IN THE SCOTTISH HIGHLANDS, 1750-1850:
A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF LOCHTAYSIDE AND ASSYNT
VOLUME I
ALEXANDER MORRISON
\\
11
Thesis in the
submitted accordante with requirements
for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty
Arts the University Glasgowq February, 1985-
of of of
60
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As
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llllýý,
ide
Glentar
n
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fall
Location
of sites studied.
-i-
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I like to thank Dr Horace Fairhurst,
would
who
introduced
later
mev as-a student and as a colleague,
to the fascinating
deserted Highland
study of
settlements,
and who started me off on the present study. I think I
have his
absorbed some of enthusiasm. My thanks
are also
due to Professor Leslie Alcock
to
who encouraged me complete
this
piece of research and who helped with constructive and
critical commentp as well as introducing me to the site
at Glentarken. I thank Mr P. G. Farquhar, Factor
at\the
i
Drummond Castle Estate Offices, Muthill, for his
co-operation
in
allowing me to draw and photograph plans of Glentarken.
For
useful discussions for Plate 107 1 thank Mr R. Smith,
and
Curator
of Auchindrain Museum Country Life. The
of staff
"I
at the Scottish Record Office the National Libraryq
and
Edinburgh
than helpful. There
were always more
were many
farmers
and crofters who talked or pointed out told ruinsly
whose names long list
would make a and who were never
disinterested.
I thank
to
my parents who encouraged me
become
a student in the first place, and lastly I thank
Sigrid has been
my wife than
who more
patient.
ii
- -
CONTENTS
VOLUME 1
Page
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ii
SUMMARY xi
INTRODUCTION xiii
Chapter 1 SOURCES AND METHODS
1.1 Sources
1.2 Methods
Chapter 2 SCOTTISH RURAL SETTLEMENT STUDIES:
9
A BRIEF REVIEW
Chapter 3 THE SCOTTISH HIGHLANDS,
--169o-185o:
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND THEIR
27,
EFFECTS ON SETTLEMENT AND ECONOMY
27
3-1 Access Climate
and
3*2 The Jacobite Uprisings their
and
30
Consequences
34
3-3 Improvements Population Increase
and
40
3.4 Sheep Farming for Profit
42
3-5 Highland Clearances
4
Chapter LOCHTAYSIDE: LANDSCAPE AND EARLY
49
HISTORY
49
4.1
Physical Landscape
4.2 58
Early Landowners Lochtayside
on
63
4-3
Early Maps
68
4.4
The Campbells Glenorchy
of
iii
- -
Page
Chapter 5 LOCHTAYSIDE IN 1769: LANDS AND,
HOLDINGS
72
5-1 Population
72
.
5.2 Land Divisions
73
5-3 Rents Size Holdings
and of 75
5*4 Tenancies
84
5-5 Crofters, Pendiclers, Cotters 89
5.6 Cattle, Sheep,,
95
etc.
5-7 Other Occupations
97
6
Chapter THE LOCHTAYSIDE SETTLEMENT PATTERN
AND ITS REMAINS
99
6.1
The Towns Farms
99
or
6.2
The Settlement Clusters
101
6-3'
The Settlement Remains
log
6.4
Lochtayside, Shielings 123
6.5
Lochtayside Mills 134
Chapter
7 ASSYNT: LANDSCAPE AND EARLY HISTORY 139
7-1 Physical Landscape
139
7.2 Early Landowners in Assynt
145
7-3
Early Maps Assynt
of 149
8
Chapter ASSYNT IN 1774: LANDS AND HOLDINGS 154
8.1
Population
1.54
8*2 Land
Division
155
8-3 Rents
Size Holdings 158
and of
8.4 Tenancies 163
8.5 Non-Tenants 166
8.6
The Cattle Trade 169
8.7 Other Occupations 173
iv
- -
Pa,
-e
Chapter 9 ASSYNT IN THE LATE 18th CENTURY:
THE SETTLEMENT PATTERN AND ITS
POSSIBLE REMAINS
177
9.1 The Towns Farms
or
177
9.2 The Settlement Clusters
178
9-3 The Settlement Remains
182
9.4 The 'Sheelings'
192
9.5 Assynt Mills
214
Chapter 10 LOCHTAYSIDE
AND ASSYNT IN THE LATER
219
18th CENTURY:
A COMPARISON
10.1 Geography 219
10.2 History 221
10-3 Population 222
10.4 Tenancies 224
Landholdings
and
230
10-5 Settlement Pattern
Remains
and
233
10.6 Conclusions
Chapter
11 pRE-IMPROVEMENT AND PRE-CLEARANCE
SETTLEMENTS IN THE SCOTTISH
236
HIGHLANDS: SOME COMPARANDA,
11.1 Lix, Glendochartg Perthshire 236
241
llo2 Rosalp Strathnaverp
Sutherland
11-3 Kilphedir, Strath
Kildonan,
of
247
Sutherland
11.4
Easter Glentarken, Lochearnsidet
251
Perthshire
11-5
Some Comparative Building Sizes
259
Forms
and
265
Chapter 12 CONCLUSIONS
265
12*1 Settlement
Groupings
272
12.2 Houses
Buildings
and
279
12-3 Some General Conclusions
BIBLIOGRAPHY
282
Manuscript
Sources
Piihl"Ishp. Rmirnp..
q
ci
-- -
-
VOLUME 2
FIGURES
1. Lo Relief Drainage.
chtayside and
2. Cross-section Transect Lochtaysides
and of
3- Lochtayside 1600.
around
4.
Lochtayside in Late/Post Medieval Times*
5. Lochtayside in the Mid-Eighteenth Century.
(Pennant).
6. trom
View Taymouth
(Pennant).
7- View from Killing
8. West Loch Tayo
end of
9* Settlement Pattern Territorial Divisions
and on
Lochtayside, 1769o
10. Farms in Officiary Terartaro
of
11'9 Ballindalloch Marrag-ness, 1769o
and
12o Ardvoile Ballemore.
and
13. Remains'of
Ardvoile.
northernmost cluster on
14. Tommachrochar, 1769.
15- Cluster A Tommachrocharo
on
16o Blarliargan, 1769.,
17o Surviving
Blarliargan Rheninchuleigho
remains on and
18o Surviving
W E Kuiltyrieo
remains on and
190 Remains Cluster F in Blarliargano
of
20. Surviving
Cluster D in Blarliargano
part of
21. Remains Cluster A in Blarliargan.
of northern part of
22. Remains Cluster B in Blarliargan.
of
23- Wester Easter Kuiltyrie, 1769. -
and
Cluster B Wester Kuiltyrie.
24. Remains of on
Cluster A in Easter Kuiltyrie.
25. Remains of
Carawhin, 1769.
26. Wester
vi
- -
27- Part Marragdow Wester Carawhin.
of cluster on
27a. Croftantayanp 1769.
28. The farms Lawers, 1769.
at
29* Surviving five Lawers farms.
structures of
30- Cuiltirannich, 1769.
(Lawers).
319 Remains Cl'uster B Cuiltirannich
Of Part of on
32. Miltown Parks Lawers, 1769.
or of
33. Cluster B Miltown Lawers.
on of
(Late
34. Miltown Lawers l8th/Early 19th Century).
of
(End
35. The 'Old Village Lawers, 19th Century).
of of
35a*Buildine A, Old Village Lawers.
of
36. Farms the left bank the Ardeonage Burn.
on of
(
379 Farms in the the Ardeonage/Newtown Burns.
valley of
38. Newtown Farm, 1769.
39- Cluster
A Newton Farm.
on
40.
Cluster
B Newton Farm.
on
41.
Remains
Cluster A Suckoch.
of on
42.
Newtown
Farm.
43-
Cluster A Newtown Farm.
on
43a-Farms
in Ardeonage Ardtalnagep 1769.
eastern and western
44.
Wester Tullich Tomindason.
and
45-
Farms in the Ardtalnagej 1769.
officiary of
46.
The farm Craig, Ardtalnage.
of
47. Remains of Cluster B Craig Farme
on
48.
Surviving remains on Tomindasong etce
49. Glencloyp 1769.
Glentalnage and
South Lochtayside.
49a*Structures head dyke
above on
vii
- -
50* Assynt Relief Drainage*
and
51- Cross-section Transect Assynte
and of
52e Assynt 1600.
around
53- North-west Scotland in the
mid-17th century*
54. The 'Ancient Division' Assynts
of
55- The farm townships Assynt in the
of mid-18th century.
56. The farm townships Assynt, 1774.
of
57- Assynt 1774.
sheelings,
58. in the Stoer Peninsulav Assynt, '1774.
-Parms
58a. Clashnessie farms, 17 74.
and neighbouring
59. The township Clashnessie, 1774.
of
60.
Surviving Clashnessie.,
remains on
61.
Clashnessie Clupter C rig.
on '60.
-
62.
Clashmore Bellachlatachp 1774.
and
63-
Clashmore,
surviving remains.
64.
Clashmore,,
settlement cluster.,
6.5.
Clachtoll'1774
Clachtoll,
survivinig remains.
-
6.
Auchmelvich,
1774.
67-
Auchmelvich,
surviving remains.
68. (Fig.
67)-
Achmelvich, Group X
69.
Remains former 'Glananter Sheeling'.
on
70- Sketch former 'Glananter Sheelinal.
of surviving remains on
71- Building E in former 'Glananter Sheeling'.
72. Culackp 1774.
73- Culackv surviving remains.
1774.
74. Batachrianan,
75- Batachrianano surviving remains*
buildings in Cluster A.
76. Batachrianan
-