Table Of Content

CI TACNAETMNOYNSEOHHP PFROOMNAEROK RA ME MC NANEIRE LGRDOENRFAER : LA N,OSIN TO ,BCIBSRETREELCEMVFUVENR-HITHPSCRNYOOSMCP SES UEAVLI CT ,ADSLNEEACRNE TXNEELSPMOC yb NOGENSA-YGNOYB 4 9y,9a11M dettimb unsoitatress iAd scitsiugn iftLonemtrap ee Dhfytotluc ae Fhott olaff utkBar ow YefyNotisrevi neUta tfSo feoerg eed hrt osftnemeriuq eer h fttonemllifl ulfaitr anpi yhposo l rifohotPcoD ACKNOWLEDGMENTS nehW I devirra ni ,nits usAaxeT ot yduts rof ym .D.hPi n ,tsuguA ,6891 ti sawa toh dna dimuh .remmus nehW I dehsinif siht noitatressid ni ,olaffuB weN ,kroYthgie ,n o siI krtenoawaftohrt e,.hss r r sisset eoihirtistmTntdaaanmielw aufyal ssodaonecalp ynam s’elpoep pleh dna .tnemegaruocne I dluow ekil ot sserpxe ym edutitarg rofrieht .noitatress isdi hgtnitelpm ontciroppus tsriF fo ,lla ym tseta esrkgnaht og ot ym ,resi vtdraeboR .D naV ,nilaV .rJ rofsih lufpleh snoitseggus dna ,ecnadiug ton ylno ylralohcs tub sola .lanosrep yM hcraesersi desab no sih eloR d neac n,erraemfmeaRr Gdna ym tseretni ni ynam fo eht scipot nieht r ,edtv lneIuenomwegaru otscuino h ehd. t ekyisrrbWiio hpwyslneite ln posmiiotcatressid evah detrats ro dehsinif siht .noitatressid I sserpxe ereh lla ym edutitarg rof ehtsuoirav .e meva ge hple hf osdnik I osla hsiw ot knaht wehttaM .S reyrD dna divaD .A ,nibuZ ohw detca sa eettimmoc srebmem rof eht .noitatres sriodsseforP s’reyrD ecnadiug dna snoitseggusrof reilrae stfard evah yllaicepse devorpmi ym .stnemugra eH derahs sih sthgisni dna . sleu sfeyrnupvle ialii telet rnephchahaogat ltldh,eiuec erwcl edmiwesntorearnehakwtp sy kMd, ne ye ad odrmh nolaaatoehsrit twlGlsxa’l aeOinhWe ere bedndia asfetorusoiht .stnemm od cnsanoitsegg us sir honfoitatressid tuo hygmuorfhT es if toldm rl eoeea,trhp oiftxyl fea aIeetnfvnsifae-uhbrBaey-evi amr ud.hlDCa n,okDc lgönWagf l,onWosleh cniiM r,amK eghnt o,msareb myetmlu ceahft edd n uaao,t nts i rntat..aoydnaBslDm rnrtu. eo gd cBd GDIreilsektus Giroeolawrtppxe .A.M ,rosivda rof reh sthgisni dna tnemegaruocne gnirud reh yats ni .olaffuB yM egdelwonk no lanoita lreaRmmarG saw detifeneb morf reh .serutcel I osla tnaw otknaht .srett aemvitartsinim d naliufpl eghni esbyaw lra okfo olCl edD nnawo ryBtteB I derahs ym tnedut sefil htiw yrev ecin elpoep ni YNUS ta ,olaffuB dna Idluow ekil ot knaht ym wollef stneduts dna :seugaelloc enamahaM .L ,eyaluodbA reteP ,otacnarB naD ,ttivaD taP ,xoF oasI ,adnoH eatnU ,miK okimoT ,amadoK nadroJ ,relhcaL acinoM ,aredaM inailytS ,iluokiN gnoyR-gnaS ,hO gnoes-iK ,kraP eirelaV ,refahS ikaustiM ,ojomihS mangnoY ,mU okiroN ,ebanataW rehtaeH ,rebeWyasdniL ,yelah Wnu-aeS ,gnahJ gnoehC ,nuoY dna nooS eA .nuhC I yllaice pksneaht naDttivaD .noitatres ss yiiftdhoitlibad aeyehlrtbaredis ndoecvor phmc ii,hgwnit isdueolupu rsrcioshf oslA I dluow ekil ot knaht eht srebmem fo naeroK detinU tsidohteM hcruhC foolaffuB h nht . wtindysyo iw iolaMrsar Gihgpfoymifmahfsdn erdienr yafsauropuni trn iorecohft .ev odl nearis e,dhti arfieht I hsiw ot knahtym remrof srosseforp ta kubnohC lanoitaN ytisrevinU ni,aeroK ohw thguat em ym c iyslarb ayltoihlcisba ni shcsiitlsginu E g:dneniranluatwahr-entuiEl ,eeL noG-ooS ,miK kiat-gnuhC ,huS gnuoy-oP ,eeL nuhc-oH ,noeJ nuhc-kaH,miK ser u rtdmi ceo e.etrnhnlifiti fjh I,e -SnindgooennehbaoyCYH- g ,nnnaaowmeG-JgnuoyB dna tnemeg atruuoohcgnueorht ym etaudargrednu dna s’retsaM .margorp I mayllaicepse lufetarg ot ym .A.M ,rosivda noG-ooS ,miK esohw serutcel dna retcarahc dedivorpa sn d coderii ngotte aafsame r i vmy guo uidynotorgtudocton otu rnfi.mstytelDsms.nhiP eht .S.U oslA I ma detbedni ot nahw-kI eeL iesnoeY( )ytisrevinU dna nuyH-eaJnaH nujgnooS( )ytisrevinU rof rieht citsiugnil ,gnihcaet dna ot koes-gnoJ miK ujnohC( lanoitaN srehcaeT )egelloC dna luyr-gnooJ iohC ujnoeJ( )ytisrevinU rof rieht noitaredisn onco ylraan ton.oiosRtipatinahrdsenrtuanolIFohc sI dluow osla ekil otknaht rehto ytlucaf rebmem ta kubnohC lanoitaN ,ytisrevinU esohw ylralohcs retcarahcsah decneulfni ot em nehw I dekrow sa a tnemtrapeD tnatsissA dna emit-trap:erutcurtsni oh-nuoY ,miK koes-nuJ ,iohC eaJ-gnuoY ,miK gnuyr-gnahC ,miK awh-gnuoyB,gnoeJ .mi Klik-oo Sdn a,ee LnimgnohC I hsiw ot knaht eht ytlucaf srebmem dna seugaelloc fo ytisrevinU fo saxeTta nitsuA erehw I devil dna denrael tuoba scitsiugnil morf :9891-6891 eeL ,rekaBtreboR ,smraH ynoT ,yrubdooW treboR ,llaW etteiluJ snivelB niveL( nehw I deyats ni,)saxeT nimrA ,retseM dna sin e.DdrahcuoB I denrael yrev hcum morf meht gnirud ym ydutsta .ni tes guydAMel wnoonk B Gde csnae w uy.lb dfsrniainhecDu oB ,oslA y msknashetog ot ym sdneirf dsneaugaell otca :ni teseuMA-ooB miK ,nu hoCoG- e,agTngunhuCS-kaH ,naH kooS-nuyH ,gnaK lihS-gnoJ ,miK luhC-eeH ,eeL nuK-gnoJ ,eeL nuS-iuG,nooM ,lnrouoY Y-,nggonnwoak JY-,nngounk ya- uHYg,ynnkoh- yAg,eBnnauoJyo-BMgnueS ijohS ,amuzA nuk-noeJ ,nhA dna nowk-koeS .gnoeJ I yllaicepse dluow ekil otsserpxe sknaht ot .rM dna .srM nowk-koeS gnoeJ rof rieht pleh nehw I devirra ni .nitsuA ,oslAI dluow ekil ot knaht eht srebmem fo n aniar eehrtcoyrKbusheCrP fo ,nitsu Ahtiw mohwI .efi lnaitsirh Cnrob-e ry mdecneirepxe I sserpxe ym edutitarg ot eh ttnemtrapeD f oscitsiugni Lfo eht et ayttSisrevinUfo weN kroY ta ,olaffuB weN kroY etatS dna yratoR lanoitanretnI pihsralohcSnoitadnuoF rof rieht laicnanif troppus gnirud ym yats ni eht detinU .setatS ehT troppus morfeseht .elbiss ospeidu t ysemd asmnoitutitsni I sserpxe ym peed edutitarg ot ym .ylimaf I knaht ym ylimaf ni aeroK rofrieht ecneitap dna :evol ym rehtaf dna ,rehtom ,wal-ni-rehtaf ,wal-ni-rehtom srehtorbdna ,sretsis rof gnidn adtnsiheb ylmanoi t.ascluadoeg eW dessim hcae rehto yrev hcumrevo .n owo nmor fmeh thti wefi ly merah sll i .wIsrae ythgi etsa leht ,yllaniF ym ts eepdeuetdita rsgeog ot ym efiw dna owt , slnuohsc-)gdniovyaKD( yre vse’luhc-gno yyKllaiceps er(eya rsp’n ods neaf i ywtmuoht i.W)sema Jg(noy-ku ydHna thgin ,emit-d egbniyarp ot eht doG rof sih s’dad )yduts dna ,ecneitap I dluoc revenevah .noitov esd’ef i ywrm odfr oyw ndan i ofdtr ayhr e sv ti.Inoitatress isdi hdtehsinif sihT noitatressid si detacided ot ym ,rehtom ohw reven tnew ot ,loohcs dna ym efiw rofreh .dnab srrrueoehhfy adtrnrpaoppus doG sevol ,em a ,rennis dna ym .ylimaf tuohtiW s’doG ,evol I dluoc tonevah .roiv a ys,msus eeJv o.Il.S .eU h ntyia t ysgmnir undedr uybva edh nsaser tes hdtevivrus 4 9y,9a11M gn anYoes-gnoyB Y,NolaffuB ST NEE LTFBNOAOTC STNEMEGDELWONKCA ................................ ................................ ......................... ii ELBAS TTFNOETNOC ................................ ................................ ............................ v NOITAZINA MNOA RE MRFEOOT KSE YLESAHYT ................................ ........... iiiv SNOITA ITVS EIFRLOBBA ................................ ................................ ...................... xi TCARTSBA ................................ ................................ ................................ ................ x Chapter 1. Introduction ................................ ................................ ................................ 1 1.0. Purpose and Scope ................................ ................................ ............................... 1 ramma reGcneref ed Rneal ofdRonuorgkc alBaciteroe h.T1.1 ................................ ..... 6 yro echiTtcat ntynSe r trfnuoeCmpole v.e1D.1.1 ................................ .............. 6 ecneref ed Rneal ofdRonuorgkc alBacirots id Hntanempolev ee Dh.T2.1.1 ..... r a m m a r G ................................ ................................ ............................... 9 G RfsRoeiranimile rd Pndanuorgkc alBaciteroe h.T3.1.1 ................................ . 12 lare n:enGae r.o2K.1 ................................ ................................ ................................ .... 16 -xatn yeS hdt n,anoitatneserp elRacix e,Lnoitacifissa lbCr elVautcep s .Ar2etpahC ....... snoitcurts n o bCr e V- h cy sne Pic af r et ns Ic it n am eS ................................ ........ 23 2.0. Introduction ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 23 naer o nKnioitatneserp elRacix edL nnaoitacifissa lbCr elVautcep s.A1.2 ..................... 25 G R nRnioitatneserp elRacix edL nnaoitacifissa lbCr e.V1.1.2 .......................... 25 G R nRnioitacifissa lbCr eeV h fttonempolev eeD h.T1.1.1.2 ................ 25 snei lcoiRtna m de,nSearutcu rltaSci g,osLess abl rC.e2V.1.1.2 G RR ................................ ................................ ...................... 30 snoitatnese rlpaecR iedxrneuaLtc ulratcS i.g1o.L2.1.1.2 ........... 30 s ecliotRn a.m2e.S2.1.1.2 ................................ .......................... 32 snoit aclietRa m.e1h.T2.2.1.1.2 ................................ ...... 32 2.1.1.2.2.2. Macroroles ................................ .................. 35 naer o nKsibr e fVnooitacifissa llCautcep s.A2.1.2 ................................ ............ 37 ]ciman yd d nn±ao[itamr oeFvissergo r.P1.2.1.2 ................................ ... 37 e k siblre vhd tasirwu c.c2O.2.1.2 yekssikeylkap / yekahcmih / olukecgnotlawh / ihlaplawh ,’ylsuorogi v‘ yekpelusatuws .c t,e’ylevitc a‘ ................................ ................. 41 .3.2.1.2 sruccO htiw nah nakisnagnot 'ru o nrhao f' ............................. 42 ]cilet ±y[tic i.l 4e.T2.1.2 ................................ ................................ ....... 44 2.1.2.4.1. Occurs with nakis-yneanham / yeyan ’ r u o hn an i ‘ ................................ .............................. 44 .2.4.2.1.2 ecnerruccO htiw- at-ssi-e ................................ ........... 46 2.1.2.5. nagnot-nakisnaH ta hstliat n'eru onrhao f' 'ru o he h tn is e m i tl l at a ' ................................ ........................... 48 emvr io6sf.-s2e. r1g.o2rP ignuwcnun sliatn e- sadheø .......................... 49 scitna meevSitas utanCere h sn.aI7H.2.1.2 ................................ ............ 50 noitatneserp elRacix ed Lnsalabr enVaer o.K3.1.2 ................................ ............ 54 lacix ed Ln,anoitacifissa lbCr es Vt,Isnoitcurtsn obCrev-hcy snPaer o.K2.2 noi tat nese rpeR ................................ ................................ ................................ ..... 57 snoitcurt sbnroeCV-h c ns y.a eos1efpwP.royT2oT.K2 ................................ ... 57 sbreV-hcy so PwfnTooitatneserp elRacix ed Lnsaessa lbCr e.V2.2.2 ............... 60 2.2.2.1. Stativity: Test 1, Test 2 and Test 8 ................................ ........... 61 e ksiblre vh dtsair wu t c:s.c3e2OT.2.2.2 yekssikeylkap / yekahcmih / olukecgnotlawh / ihlaplawh ,’ylsuorogi v‘ yekpelusatuws .c t,e’ylevitc a‘ ................................ .................. 63 2.2.2.3. Test 4: Occurs with nagnot-nakisnah d n'aru onrhao f' ru oeh h ntsiem il t lt a a s'l i a t n ’e ru o n hra o f :‘t 7s eT ................. 64 yti ct is .d5le:4neT6.aT2.2.2 ................................ ............................... 65 scitn aemveiSta stunaeC r t e.s:sh5e9an.THI2.2.2 ................................ 66 sbrev-hcy sfnPooitatneserp elRacix e.L6.2.2.2 ................................ ..... 68 snoitcurtsn obCr ehVcy ss nPeil ugRnikram-es adC nsanoital elRacitamma r.G3.2 ...... 73 sse ui.od1iu.vt3eS.r2P ................................ ................................ ..................... 74 ramma rlGanoital e.R1.1.3.2 ................................ ................................ . 74 yroe hgTnidn id Bntanemnrev o.G2.1.3.2 ................................ .............. 76 ram mlaariGrog e.t3a.C1.3.2 ................................ ................................ . 77 ramma reGcneref ed Rneal o.R2.3.2 ................................ ................................ . 79 G RneRicafret nsIcitnames-xatn y.S1.2.3.2 ................................ .......... 79 sbr ehVcy shPt idwetaicos saAnemone hcPitcatn yeSer h.T2.2.3.2 ........ 85 sbrev-hcy sr Posfel ugRnikram-es a.C3.2.3.2 ................................ ........ 88 yramm u.S4.2 ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 95 nae rnnooiKitcej orroPtar e dpsnOeamehp rbo rMleaVnoitc er.le3 ftnpIahC ............... 98 3.0. Introduction ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 98 ygolohpr olManoitcelf nlIabr enVaer o.K1.3 ................................ ................................ 100 sexif flAanoitcelf nlIabr enVaer o.K1.1.3 ................................ .......................... 100 0 :XLF N nIsoisyla n Ba.G2.1.3 ygolohpr olManoitcelf nrI otfnemevo m- ......... 107 :G RnsRiemehpr olManoitcelf nndIonuorgkc alBaciteroe h.T3.1.3 res evreddi opnrtet oaOahafcltroSeeRpO ................................ ........... 110 emehp rloaMnoitcel frnnooIfitcej orroPtar enpaOe r.o2K.3 ................................ ......... 117 :-sexiff uesviss adP neavitasu a.C1.2.3 i, -hi,-li, -ki ................................ ........... 117 x-iff ucSifiron o.H2.2.3 -is)u( e-ly thscee pdS na inp)u( - ................................ .... 118 es n deynTtaila d,oMlanoitce r,itDce p.s3A.2.3 ................................ ................. 124 .4.2.3 owT sepyT fonoitageN ................................ ................................ .......... 127 slaitnedi v.E5.2.3 ................................ ................................ .............................. 130 e cyrroaFnoituc o.l6l.I2.3 ................................ ................................ ................. 134 met sryoStar enpaOe r:oyKram m.u3S.3 ................................ ................................ ...... 135 naer o nKyihcrare isHnoital elRasualcret ndI neagakn ieLsua l .Cr4etpahC ................... 139 4.0. Introduction ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 139 G RnsRiecnetn exSelpm od Cnealpm ir Soefrutcur teSsua l.C1.4 ................................ 142 )C SeLs(u aellCp m eeifhrSotutcu retsSu ayflroCo e Gh.RT1R.1.4 ................. 143 secnetn eeSlpm ineSisua le Chfetorutcur tdSerey anLaer o.K2.1.4 .................. 146 secnetn exSelpm or Coefgakn ifrLoey ae Lhfytoroe hG TR.R3.1.4 ................. 153 sevitcenn od Cnsaecnetn exSelpm onCaer o.K2.4 ................................ ........................ 157 secnetn exSelpm ofsCoep y.T1.2.4 ................................ ................................ .. 159 sexiff ueScnetn exSelpm o.C2.2.4 ................................ ................................ ..... 162 naer o nKsiecnetn exSelpm orC oefgakn ieLsu a. l3C.4 ................................ ................ 163 er u et.sc1un.au3lJ.C4 ................................ ................................ ...................... 164 noitanidro bluaSsu a.l1C.1.3.4 ................................ .............................. 164 noitanidr oloaCsu a.l2C.1.3.4 ................................ ................................ 170 noitanidrobu sloaCsu a.l3C.1.3.4 ................................ .......................... 176 4.3.2. Core Juncture ................................ ................................ ......................... 182 .1.2.3.4 eroCnoitanidrobuS ................................ ................................ .. 184 4.3.2.2. Core Coordination ................................ ................................ ... 189 .3.2.3.4 eroCnoitanidrobusoC ................................ .............................. 196 .3 .r3ae.er4luctucNnuJ ................................ ................................ .................... 208 noitanidr orbaue Sl.c1u.N3.3.4 ................................ ............................. 209 noita n ri.ad2er.lo3co.uC3N.4 ................................ ............................... 218 noitanidro bruas eo.lC3c.u3N.3.4 ................................ .......................... 224 naer o nKHi RdI neagakn ieLsua l.C4.4 ................................ ................................ ....... 230 H Rd Ineagakn ieLsua lnCaer o.K1.4.4 ................................ ............................. 230 H dRnnIoaitatnemelp mbo rC.e2V.4.4 ................................ ............................. 234 no i dt.na3as.Hu4Ra.IC4 ................................ ................................ ................. 236 yramm u.S5.4 ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 243 sesu aelvCita lneaRe reforoKutcu rntoSitamro f dnenIsau ar.le5CtpahC ..................... 244 5.0. Introduction ................................ ................................ ................................ .......... 244 .1.5e ru tn coyGuirRrtoRta eSmfhroTofnI ................................ ................................ . 246 d nluao cr.ig1tk.ec1ra.oB5ehT ................................ ................................ ......... 246 .2.1.5 naeroK noitamrofnIerutcurtS ................................ ................................ 252 sesu aelvCita lneaRe reforoKutcu retsSu a.l2C.5 ................................ ......................... 260 sisyla nsAuoive r.P1.2.5 ................................ ................................ ................... 260 ses ueavliCt anl aee eRrfruootKc u.er2ht.TS2.5 ................................ ............... 263 5.2.2.1. sek sCR HnmIirof- o sraaP ................................ ...................... 264 5.2.2.2. - n)u( / - l)u( sesual Cevitale Rn iPMO Cs a ............................. 266 sCR HdI nsaCR H nEsieitiralim i.S3.2.2.5 ................................ ............ 268 sesyla n BAhGt iswmelbo r.P3.2.5 ................................ ................................ .... 269 sesua leCvital e fRsoep yeTgakn ieLsua leC h:tsisyla nsA’G R.R4.2.5 .............. 271 CR HnEeewt esbecnereff ie Dh:tsesua leCvital efeRorutcur tnSoitamrof n.I3.5 C R dHnIa ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 275 ses ueavliC te arfluoetRc usr ut.cs1o.F3.5 ................................ ........................ 275 sesu aelvCita lneaR e erfroouKtcu rntoSitamro f.n2I.3.5 ................................ .. 279 yramm u.S4.5 ................................ ................................ ................................ .............. 288 noisulc nr.oe6CtpahC ................................ ................................ ................................ . 289 REFERENCES ................................ ................................ ................................ ............ 299 NOI TE MAHEEZTL TI ANSNFYAYAOESMROORK .noitatress isdi h ntsielpma xneaer ogKnibircsna rrt odfetpo dnae esb anhoitazinam oerlaY slewoV stnanosnoC nae roK elaY cimenohP nae roK elaY cimenohP k a / a / œ p / p / i ay / ay / (cid:31) hp / põ / j e / ´ / œœ pp / p· / u ey /´y / ´ t / t / h o / o / (cid:31) th / tõ / y oy / oy / ´´ tt / t· / n uw / u / † s / s / b uy / uy / † † ss / s· / m u / I / (cid:31) c / *c / l i / i/ ç hc / c*õ / ln iw / iw / (cid:31) (cid:31) cc / c*· / p ye / e / ® k / k / [ yey / ey / (cid:31) hk / kõ / « yew / ew / ® ® kk / k· / / yo / (cid:31) / å m / m / o ya / œ / ß n / n / [ yay / œy / (cid:31) o / N / ‘ yaw / œw / ƒ l / l/ \ ew / ´w / ` © h / h / ] aw / aw / ; yu / yI / SNOI TTASII VLFEORBBA eh tn isemehpro mlacitammar gleba lo tdes unee beva hsnoitaiverbb agniwollo fehT .noitatress isdi h ntsiessolg A actor MMI etaidemmi ELBA elba IMP evitarepmi LIBA ytiliba FPMI evitcefrepmi SBA evitulosba FNI evitinifni )CC(A evitasucca LFNI noitcelfni JDA evitcejda INSTR latnemurtsni VDA brevda INTENS evisnetni DFA niam osduc olfautca COL evitacol ROA tsiroa DOM ,ladom ytiladom TRA elcitra NEG evitagen PSA aspect ZMN rezilanimon GUA tnemgua N(OM) evitanimon XUA yrailixua NPST tseaspn-enton SAC lausac )JB(O tcejbo UAC c evitasua GILBO evitagilbo MFC rek rsau mceovfitsartnoc HO cifiron othcejbo LC reifissalc SAP evissap rezitnemelpm oPcMOC/LPMC MCP rekr aems accitamgarp JNOC noitcnujnoc FREP tcefrep NNOC evitcennoc lp/LP larulp TNOC suounitnoc LOP etilop MTC r e ckeirvpaiomttartnoc POSS evissessop )TA(D evitad PP esar hlpanoitisoperp DEC evitaralced PRED etaciderp FED etinifed PRES tensenseetrp FFID tnereffid MUSERP evitpmuserp RID lanoitcerid ORP pronoun EMP citahpme GORP evissergorp ERG evitagre PORP evitisoporp EVID laitnedive PRT elcitrap COF sucof PST tsapesnet TUF eesrnuettuf PT elcitrap G(EN) evitineg Q evitagorretni GUESS sseug LER evitaler BAH lautibah RETRO evitcepsorter NOH cifironoh EMAS emas FI ecr oyfranoitucolli gs/GS ralugnis SH cifiron othcejbus PmS tov icpitnames STA(T) status STYLE ely thsceeps BUS evitcnujbus S(BJ) tcejbus TNS tense operator TOP topic U undergoer ELBANU elbanu NV nu olnabrev COV evitacov