Monumental Polovtsian Statues in Eastern Europe. Archaeology, Conservation and Protection

196 Pages·2016·29.41 MB·English

by  Golebiowska-Tobiasz A.

Aneta Gołębiowska-Tobiasz
Monumental Polovtsian
Statues in Eastern Europe:
the Archaeology,
Conservation
and Protection
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Versita Discipline:
History, Archaeology
Managing Editor:
Katarzyna Ślusarska
Language Editor:
Victoria Symmons
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Published by Versita, Versita Ltd, 78 York Street, London W1H 1DP, Great Britain.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-
NoDerivs 3.0 license, which means that the text may be used for non-commercial
purposes, provided credit is given to the author.
Copyright © 2013 Aneta Gołębiowska-Tobiasz, for Chapters 5, 6, 7 Aneta
Gołębiowska-Tobiasz and Michał Burzak
ISBN (paperback): 978-83-7656-027-4
ISBN (hardcover): 978-83-7656-028-1
ISBN (for electronic copy): 978-83-7656-029-8
Managing Editor: Katarzyna Ślusarska
Language Editor: Victoria Symmons
Cover illustration: © Aneta Gołębiowska-Tobiasz
www.versita.com
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Contents
From the Author ..................................................................................................9
Introduction ......................................................................................................13
Chapter 1
Aneta Gołębiowska-Tobiasz
History of Research and the Most Important Publications ...............17
Chapter 2
Aneta Gołębiowska-Tobiasz
Outline of the Genesis of Anthropomorphic Stelae. Cult Places ......27
1. Introduction .............................................................................................................................27
2. Notes on the Religion and Mythology of the Turks on a Background of
Reception of Foreign Cultural Influences .................................................................30
3. Anthropomorphic Stelae ...................................................................................................34
4. Cult-sacrifice Places ............................................................................................................42
Chapter 3
Aneta Gołębiowska-Tobiasz
Territorial and Chronological Scope of Polovtsians Stelae ..............49
Chapter 4
Aneta Gołębiowska-Tobiasz
Typological Systems ........................................................................63
Chapter 5
Aneta Gołębiowska-Tobiasz, Michał Burzak
Collection in the Veliko-Anadol Forest Museum ..............................73
1. History of the Forest and the Museum ......................................................................73
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2. The Collection of Anthropomorphic Stelae .............................................................74
3. Feminine Stelae Intended for Full Technical and Preservative Conservation
of Plasticity. An Archaeological and Conservatory Description ....................79
3.1 Baba 1 (304) ....................................................................................................................80
3.2 Baba 2 (302) ....................................................................................................................83
3.3 Baba 3 (290) ....................................................................................................................86
3.4 Baba 7 (298) ....................................................................................................................89
4. Masculine Stelae Intended for Full Technical and Preservative Conservation
of Plasticity. An Archaeological and Conservatory Description ....................90
4.1 Baba 4 (293) ....................................................................................................................90
4.2 Baba 5 (295) ....................................................................................................................93
4.3 Baba 6 (297) ....................................................................................................................96
4.4 Baba 8 (299) ....................................................................................................................98
4.5 Baba 9 (292) .................................................................................................................100
4.6 Baba 10 (286) ..............................................................................................................102
5. Feminine Stelae Intended for Temporary Protection. Conservatory and
Archaeological Description ..........................................................................................104
5.1 Baba 11 (296) ..............................................................................................................104
5.2 Baba 14 (279) ..............................................................................................................105
6. Masculine Stelae Intended for Temporary Protection. Conservatory and
Archaeological Description ..........................................................................................107
6.1 Baba 12 (301) ..............................................................................................................107
6.2 Baba 13 (300) ..............................................................................................................109
7. State of Preservation and Causes of Damages of Objects from the
Conservatory Perspective .............................................................................................109
Chapter 6
Michał Burzak, Aneta Gołębiowska-Tobiasz
The Issue of Preservation and Protection of the Monumental
Anthropomorphic Stelae in Eastern Europe. Condition of Stelae After
the Conservation ...........................................................................113
1. The Issue of Protection of the Monumental Sculpture in Eastern Europe ..113
2. Problems Related to the Protection, Exhibition and Preservation of
Anthropomorphic Stelae ................................................................................................117
3. Condition of Sculptures from the Collection of the Veliko-Anadol Forest
Museum After the Technical Preservation in 2008 ..........................................119
3.1 Feminine Stelae on the Exhibition Wall .........................................................126
3.1.1 Baba 1 (304) ........................................................................................................126
3.1.2 Baba 2 (302) ........................................................................................................128
3.1.3 Baba 3 (290) ........................................................................................................130
3.1.4 Baba 7 (298) ........................................................................................................132
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3.2 Masculine Stelae on the Exhibition Wall .......................................................134
3.2.1 Baba 4 (293) ........................................................................................................134
3.2.2 Baba 5 (295) ........................................................................................................138
3.2.3 Baba 6 (297) ........................................................................................................140
3.2.4 Baba 8 (299) ........................................................................................................143
3.2.5 Baba 9 (292) ........................................................................................................146
3.2.6 Baba 10 (286) .....................................................................................................148
3.3 Feminine Stelae in Front of the Museum ......................................................151
3.3.1 Baba 11 (296) .....................................................................................................151
3.3.2 Stela 14 (279) .....................................................................................................153
3.4 Masculine Stelae in Front of the Museum ....................................................154
3.4.1 Baba 12 (301) .....................................................................................................154
3.4.2 Stela 13 (300) .....................................................................................................156
4. Summary of Conservatory Treatments ......................................................................157
Chapter 7
Aneta Gołębiowska-Tobiasz, Michał Burzak
Remarks on the Status of Stelae in Countries of Eastern Europe.
Research and Popularisation Postulates ........................................161
Bibliography ....................................................................................................171
List of Figures .................................................................................................187
Index of Geographical and Ethnic Names ................................................191
Index of Historical Persons ..........................................................................195
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Monumental Polovtsian Statues in Eastern Europe:
the Archaeology, Conservation and Protection
8
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Aneta Gołębiowska-Tobiasz
From the Author
The first time I went to the Ukraine was in 2001 at the invitation of Alexander
Kolesnik, the Ukrainian specialist dealing with the Stone Age. We had met in
Cracow a year before. I held my first practice at two Palaeolithic sites. Alexander
participated in an international grant in Cracow and was the head of our
shift. Very quickly we became friends because, as the only person among the
students, I understood the Russian language and I could get in touch with the
expedition using this language. During these practices we spoke mostly about
the specificity of research on Palaeolithic sites, while after hours, together with
my future husband, we organised for Alexander and other members of the
group of foreigners field trips around the Cracow as well as their free time. In
return, I was invited to Donetsk. Eleven years ago the Ukraine was one of the
countries that was not taken into account when planning sightseeing trips, and
even more individually organised practices, due to concerns about the internal
situation and social conditions prevailing there. It was a country that had gained
its independence ten years earlier (in 1991) and the social and political changes
had just begun. We knew that the economic situation was severe. However, I
went there, guided by my curiosity and a desire to see this part of Europe. I
was not disappointed; despite the apparent difference in the standard of living,
many deficiencies arising from the slow pace of the economic reconstruction,
poor infrastructure, lack of opportunities to contact with the country and the
culture shock I experienced during first days in the steppe, I was charmed by
people, nature and above all the opulence of archaeological sites. This was the
first time I had contact with monumental anthropomorphic sculptures. I saw
the collection of stelae in the Donetsk Regional Museum – the organiser of the
expedition I participated in. I saw Neolithic stelae and Polovtsian statues in the
“Khomutovsky Steppe” Nature Reserve. During the two-day train journey back
to Poland, I was constantly thinking about things I had learnt and experienced
in that exotic part of Europe. Visions of my research future crystallised at that
moment. I had already known what I wanted to deal with. I also knew that
the only direction in the world for my plans would be South-Eastern Europe.
From the Author 9
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