i Montaigne and the Tolerance of Politics iii i j Montaigne and the Tolerance of Politics Douglas I. Thompson 1 1 Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America. © Oxford University Press 2018 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Names: Thompson, Douglas I., author. Title: Montaigne and the tolerance of politics / Douglas I. Thompson. Description: New York, NY : Oxford University Press, 2018. | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2017024851 (print) | LCCN 2017050701 (ebook) | ISBN 9780190679941 (Updf) | ISBN 9780190679958 (Epub) | ISBN 9780190679934 (hardback : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Montaigne, Michel de, 1533–1592—Political and social views. | Montaigne, Michel de, 1533–1592. Essais. | Toleration—Political aspects. | Courtesy—Political aspects. | Discussion—Political aspects. | Communication in politics. | BISAC: POLITICAL SCIENCE / History & Theory. | PHILOSOPHY / Political. | POLITICAL SCIENCE / Government / Comparative. Classification: LCC PQ1645 (ebook) | LCC PQ1645 .T48 2018 (print) | DDC 844/.3—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017024851 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., United States of America v For Betsy vii i Contents Acknowledgments ix Prologue xiii Introduction: Negotiating Tolerance 1 1. Montaigne’s Political Style 16 2. The Pleasure of Diversity 44 3. The Power of Uncivil Conversation 65 4. Exiting the Marketplace of Intolerance 91 5. Radical Moderation 119 Conclusion: Justice and Public Reason 155 Notes 169 Bibliography 207 Index 227 vii ix Acknowledgments i Writing a book involves a great deal of solitary labor, but books are always much more than that. This particular book never would have happened without countless conversations, suggestions, lessons, questions, criticisms, jokes, and encouragements with and from multiple people I have been incredibly fortunate to know. I was first introduced to French medieval and Renaissance literature by Sara Sturm- Maddox and Donald Maddox, and to Montaigne by Daniel Martin, as an undergraduate (and, later, an MA student) at the University of Massachusetts (UMass). Decades later, I still remember the twinkle in Martin’s eye as he shared some of Montaigne’s funnier bits, of which there are a great many, and I will never forget the encourage- ment and support of Sara and Don. It was there, too, that Patricia Mills first intro- duced me to political theory, via rigorous engagement with Hegel and Nietzsche. I am eternally grateful to her for sending me down this path. I am also grateful for the friendship and encouragement of (then) fellow UMass students Brad Mapes- Martins and Lena Zuckerwise. The germ of this book began years later, during my graduate studies at Northwestern University, where I had the great pleasure of learning from a fabu- lous group of people in a friendly and vibrant intellectual community. There, Sara Monoson introduced me to the exciting detective work of research in the history of political ideas, and Jim Farr deepened this connection. As a member of my dis- sertation committee, Jim’s critical questions had an enormous impact on the future ix