Monoclonal Antibodies Against Bacteria. Volume II

341 Pages·1985·20.52 MB·English

by  Alberto J. L. Macario

Contributors
Edwin H. Beachey James D. Macmillan
Reginald W. Bennett Roger M. McKinney
Merlin S. Bergdoll Richard F. Meyer
Everly Conway de Macario Llonas Miller
James B. Dale Francis K. Mundon
Catherine Desaymard Lucy M. Mutharia
James T. Douglas Sean P. O'Neill
Joëlle Gabay Keiji Oguma
Robert E. W. Hancock Sergio Schenkman
David L. Hasty Gerhardt Schurig
Patricia J. Holman Maxime Schwartz
Hiroo Iida Tommy Söderström
Jean R. Joly Renée J. Sugasawara
Shuichiro Kubo Bunei Syuto
Joseph S. Lam Nancy E. Thompson
Alberto J. L. Macario Ian D. Watkins
Daniel H. Zimmerman
Monoclonal Antibodies
against Bacteria
Volume II
Edited by
Alberto J. L. Macario
Everly Conway de Macario
Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research
New York State Department of Health
Albany, New York
1985
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers
Orlando San Diego New York Austin
London Montreal Sydney Tokyo Toronto
COPYRIGHT © 1985 BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
ALL RIGHTS RESERVED.
NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR
TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC
OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR
ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT
PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER.
ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.
Orlando, Florida 32887
United Kingdom Edition published by
ACADEMIC PRESS INC. (LONDON) LTD.
24-28 Oval Road, London NW1 7DX
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
(Revised for v. 2)
Main entry under title:
Monoclonal antibodies against bacteria.
Includes index.
1. Bacterial antigens-Analysis-Collected works.
2. Antibodies, Monoclonal—Collected works. I. Macario,
Alberto J. L. II. Conway De Macario, Everly.
[DNLM: 1. Antibodies, Monoclonal. 2. Bacteria.
QW 575 M7472]
QR186.6.B33M66 1985 616.9'20793 84-24455
ISBN 0-12-463002-2
PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
85 86 87 88 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 21
To Everly. A Flower? A Muse?
Contributors
Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin.
Edwin H. Beachey (1), Veterans Administration Medical Center, and Univer-
sity of Tennessee Center for the Health Sciences, University of Tennessee,
Memphis, Tennessee 38104
Reginald W. Bennett (23), Food and Drug Administration, Bureau of Foods,
Washington, D.C. 20204
Merlin S. Bergdoll (23), Department of Food Microbiology and Toxicology,
Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
53706
Everly Conway de Macario (213), Wads worth Center for Laboratories and
Research, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York
12201
James B. Dale (1), Veterans Administration Medical Center, and University of
Tennessee Center for the Health Sciences, University of Tennessee,
Memphis, Tennessee 38104
Catherine Desaymard (249), Unité de Génétique Moléculaire, Département de
Biologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
James T. Douglas (81), Department of Microbiology, University of Hawaii,
Honolulu, Hawaii 96822
Joëlle Gabay (249), Unité de Génétique Moléculaire, Département de Biologie
Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
Robert E. W. Hancock (131, 143), Department of Microbiology, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1W5
David L. Hasty (1), Veterans Administration Medical Center, and University of
Tennessee Center for the Health Sciences, University of Tennessee,
Memphis, Tennessee 38104
Patricia J. Holman (81), Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Para-
sitology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843
Hiroo Iida (159), Department of Bacteriology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido
University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060, Japan
χ
Contributors xi
Jean R. Joly (111), Département de Microbiologie, Faculté de Médecine, Uni-
versité Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada G1K 7P4
Shuichiro Kubo (159), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary
Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060, Japan
1
Joseph S. Lam (131, 143), Department of Microbiology, University of British
Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1W5
Alberto J. L. Macario (213), Wadsworth Center for Laboratories and Research,
New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York 12201
James D. Macmillan (23), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology,
New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers University, New
Brunswick, New Jersey 08903
Roger M. McKinney (111), Immunodiagnostic Methods Laboratory, Bio-
technology Branch, Division of Bacterial Diseases, Center for Infectious
Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia 30333
Richard F. Meyer (23), Food and Drug Administration, New York Regional
Laboratory, Brooklyn, New York 11232
Llonas Miller (23), Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, New Jersey
Agricultural Experiment Station, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New
Jersey 08903
Francis K. Mundon (283), Electro-Nucleonics, Inc., Columbia, Maryland
21046
2
Lucy M. Mutharia (131, 143), Department of Microbiology, University of
British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1W5
Sean P. O'Neill (283), Electro-Nucleonics, Inc., Columbia, Maryland 21046
Keiji Oguma (159), Department of Microbiology, Sapporo Medical College,
Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060, Japan
3
Sergio Schenkman (249), Unité de Génétique Moléculaire, Département de
Biologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
Gerhardt Schurig (81), Division of Veterinary Biology and Clinical Studies,
Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia
Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060
Maxime Schwartz (249), Unité de Génétique Moléculaire, Departement de
Biologie Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France
Tommy Söderström (185), Department of Clinical Immunology, University of
Göteborg, S-413 46 Göteborg, Sweden
4
Renée J. Sugasawara (61), Naval Biosciences Laboratory, School of Public
Health, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
Present address: Department of Microbiology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
NIG 2W1.
2
Present address: Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, P.O. Box 30197, Nairobi,
Kenya.
3
Present address: Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Escola Paulista de
Medicina, Rua Botucatu 862, 04023 Sâo Paulo, Brazil.
4
Present address: Igen, Inc., 1530 E. Jefferson Street, Rockyille, Maryland 20852.
xii Contributors
Bunei Syuto (159), Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medi-
cine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060, Japan
5
Nancy E. Thompson (23), Department of Food Microbiology and Toxicology,
Food Research Institute, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin
53706
6
Ian D. Watkins (111), Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of
Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, England
Daniel H. Zimmerman (283), Electro-Nucleonics, Inc., Columbia, Maryland
21046
5
Present address: McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison,
Wisconsin 53706.
6
Present address: Biochemistry Research and Development, Amersham International PLC, Forest
Farm, Whitchurch, Cardiff CF4 7YT, Wales.
Preface
Internists, pediatricians, surgeons, dentists, veterinarians, clinical pa-
thologists, and laboratory technologists will soon be confronted by a consider-
able increase in the use of monoclonal antibodies for diagnosis, prophylaxis, and
treatment of diseases caused by bacteria and their toxins. Practitioners are not
expected to make monoclonal antibodies but will have to use them or be prepared
to interpret laboratory data obtained with their use. Inescapably, professionals in
the health sciences will have to become thoroughly acquainted with these anti-
bodies, their mechanism of action, differences with antisera, precise indications,
resolution power, possible collateral effects in vivo and in vitro, etc. Even those
already familiar with polyclonal antibodies and serology will have to "revisit"
immunology for an update. Immunologic classification of bacteria, for example,
may have to be revised on the basis of analyses of antigenic mosaics by means of
panels of monoclonal antibodies.
This treatise aims to provide the basis for understanding new developments of
practical importance in the health sciences within the area of microbiology and
infectious diseases, focusing on advances made possible by monoclonal anti-
bodies. To enhance the understanding of these novel data, each chapter in this
volume, as well as in the other volumes (I and III), includes introductory sec-
tions, e.g., Background. These precede the presentation of new data and are
intended to help the reader become acquainted with the novelties in a progressive
fashion through known terrain. After reading these preliminary sections, the
reader should be able to understand why and what for monoclonal antibodies
against the bacterial species (or toxins) dealt with in the chapter being read are
necessary, how they can be used, and what benefits may be obtained from their
use. In addition, to broaden the basis for understanding the central topic, each
chapter includes Prospects for the Future, providing clues to forthcoming devel-
xiii
xiv Preface
opments which should enable the reader to prepare for what is coming in the not
too distant future. Notably in the area of bacteriology, biotechnology, industry,
and the health sciences are linked. Consequently, this volume includes, as does
the previous one, chapters furnishing that aspect of monoclonal antibodies
against bacteria and their toxins which is better portrayed from the viewpoint of
the biotechnologist, chemist, engineer, or manufacturer. Two main aspects are
covered: use of monoclonal antibodies in biotechnology and industry involving
bacteria and industrial production of these antibodies.
Volume II continues the plan of the first inasmuch as it contains chapters on a
variety of bacteria and themes, a diversity which is expected to generate knowl-
edge more effectively than would be possible from a repetition of the same topic
with perhaps some changes of tone. In this connection, it should be mentioned
that this and the preceding volume contain descriptions of new methods relevant
to hybridoma technology as it applies to the study of bacteria not published
elsewhere.
The following themes are dealt with in this volume: analysis of streptococcal
antigens implicated in the causation of rheumatic fever and heart disease to find
ways of inducing protective immunity (Chapter 1); detection of staphylococcal
enterotoxins in foods and treatment of staphylococcal food poisoning (Chapter
2); classification of meningococcal isolates associated with meningitis and relat-
ed disorders (Chapter 3); review of immunology of brucellosis with emphasis on
the problem of distinguishing antibrucella antibodies elicited by vaccination of
cattle from antibodies elicited by infection (Chapter 4); diagnostic and epi-
demiologic studies of legionellosis (Chapter 5); identification of antigens in
gram-negative bacteria that are widespread as opposed to those that are confined
to a species or a strain (Chapter 6); development of means to study and control
infections by Pseudomonas in cystic fibrosis and other pathologic conditions
(Chapter 7); analysis of toxigenicity and neutralization of botulinum toxin (Chap-
ter 8); investigation of the pathogenetic role of Escherichia coli's pili, and study
of its antigens to understand regulatory networks of the immune system involv-
ing antiidiotypic antibodies (Chapter 9); elucidation of antigenic mosaics of
44
archaebacteria and identification of their molecular signatures (or footprints")
in their ecological niches and other life forms (Chapter 10); combination of
bacterial genetics with hybridoma technology for elucidating structure-function
relationships in membrane molecules (Chapter 11); and discussion of strategies,
methods, quality control, and other practical aspects connected with industrial
production of monoclonal antibodies against bacteria (Chapter 12).
Alberto J. L. Macario
Everly Conway de Macario
Contents of Volume I
1 Monoclonal Antibodies against Gonococcal Pili:
Uses in the Analysis of Gonococcal
Immunochemistry and Virulence
J. E. Heckels and M. Virji
2 Monoclonal Antibodies against Group Β
Streptococcus
Richard A. Polin and Mary Catherine Harris
3 Studies with Monoclonal Antibodies to Mycobacteria
J. Ivanyi, J. A. Morris, and M. Keen
4 Monoclonal Antibodies to Characterize the Antigenic
Heterogeneity of Bacteroides intermedius
Rudolf Gmür and Christoph Wyss
5 Monoclonal Antibodies against Legionella
pneumophila Serogroup 1 Antigens: Characterization
and Their Potential Applications
Κ. K. Sethi
6 Monoclonal Antibodies Specific for the O-Antigen of
Shigella flexneri and Shigella sonnei:
Immunochemical Characterization and Clinical
Usefulness
Nils I. A. Carlin and Alf A. Lindberg
xv