Monitoring Technologies in Acute Care Environments: A Comprehensive Guide to Patient Monitoring Technology PDF
Preview Monitoring Technologies in Acute Care Environments: A Comprehensive Guide to Patient Monitoring Technology
Jesse M. Ehrenfeld Maxime Cannesson Editors Monitoring Technologies in Acute Care Environments A Comprehensive Guide to Patient Monitoring Technology 123 Monitoring Technologies in Acute Care Environments Jesse M. Ehrenfeld (cid:129) Maxime Cannesson Editors Monitoring Technologies in Acute Care Environments A Comprehensive Guide to Patient Monitoring Technology Editors Jesse M. Ehrenfeld, MD, MPH Maxime Cannesson, MD, PhD Departments of Anesthesiology Department of Anesthesiology Surgery, and Biomedical Informatics and Perioperative Care Vanderbilt University University of California, Irvine School of Medicine Irvine , CA Nashville , TN USA USA ISBN 978-1-4614-8556-8 ISBN 978-1-4614-8557-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4614-8557-5 Springer New York Heidelberg Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2013955576 © Springer Science+Business Media New York 2014 This work is subject to copyright. 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Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specifi c statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) Pref ace This book was written by world-renowned experts who specialize in develop- ing, refi ning, and testing the technology that makes modern-day clinical mon- itoring possible. These individuals would like to share with you their excitement for what makes monitoring happen across a variety of acute care settings including the operating room, emergency department, and intensive care unit. Our goal in writing Monitoring Technologies in Acute Care Environments was to provide a concise, easy-to-use, and up-to-date introduc- tion to how these technologies work. Any individual working in an acute care environment will fi nd this unique book incredibly useful – it covers both basic and advanced topics and includes an introductory section designed to help apply theoretical knowledge to real patient situations. As educators, we are indebted to generations of students and trainees who inspired us to write this text, and we are especially thankful for the support and expertise of our contributors at Vanderbilt University, the University of California at Irvine, and beyond. As physicians, we are privi- leged to work with an incredible group of individuals who support our clini- cal activities each day. This includes our surgical colleagues, nursing staff, and support services. We are especially indebted to a number of individuals whose unending support and encouragement made this work possible. These include Drs. Warren Sandberg and Zeev Kain. We would also like to thank Diane Lamsback, Shelley Reinhardt, Joanna Perey, and the rest of the Springer team for making this manuscript possible. Finally, a special thanks to Judd Taback, Katharine Nicodemus, David and Josh Ehrenfeld, along with Claire, Elias, Esther, Gabrielle, and Dominique Cannesson for their tireless support, encouragement, and guidance. As you discover the exciting world of monitoring, we hope that you fi nd Monitoring Technologies in Acute Care Environments an essential tool! Nashville, TN, USA Jesse M. Ehrenfeld, MD, MPH Irvine, CA, USA Maxime Canneson, MD, PhD v Contents Part I Fundamental Principles of Monitoring 1 Overview of Clinical Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 James F. Szocik 2 Monitoring in Acute Care Environments: Unique Aspects of Intensive Care Units, Operating Rooms, Recovery Rooms, and Telemetry Floors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Brian S. Rothman 3 Introduction to Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Justin P. Henneman and Jesse M. Ehrenfeld 4 Signal Analysis: Acquisition, Storage, and Analysis of Physiological Signals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Christine Kim Lee 5 Information Displays and Ergonomics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 B. Samaiya Mushtaq, Judith W. Dexheimer, and Shilo Anders 6 Decision Support and Closed-Loop Systems. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Guy A. Dumont Part II Hemodynamic Monitoring 7 Introduction to Hemodynamic Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Azriel Perel 8 Pulmonary Artery Catheterization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53 Olufunmilayo Ogundele, Eliezer Bose, and Michael R. Pinsky 9 Noninvasive Cardiac Output Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Robert H. Thiele, Karsten Bartels, and Tong J. Gan 10 Transpulmonary Thermodilution. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Olfa Hamzaoui, Xavier Monnet, and Jean-Louis Teboul 11 Echocardiography in the Acute Care Setting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 David W. Boldt and Aman Mahajan vii viii Contents 12 Noninvasive Arterial Pressure Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Jos J. Settels 13 Heart Rate Variability. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Benoît Tavernier and Mathieu Jeanne 14 Preload-Dependent Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 Olufunmilayo Ogundele and Michael R. Pinsky 15 Monitoring the Microcirculation in Critically Ill Patients. . . . 127 Eduardo Romay Medina, Dan M.J. Milstein, and Can Ince 16 Hemodynamic Monitoring During Cardiopulmonary Bypass . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Jason D. Kennedy, Robert J. Deegan, and Julian S. Bick 17 Closed-Loop Fluid Management and Hemodynamic Optimization. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Joseph B. Rinehart Part III Respiratory Monitoring 18 Introduction to Respiratory Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Boris Jung, Yannaël Coisel, and Samir Jaber 19 Photoplethysmography: Analysis of the Pulse Oximeter Waveform. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 Aymen A. Alian and Kirk H. Shelley 20 Time and Volumetric Capnography. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 Michael B. Jaffe 21 Monitoring Diaphragmatic Function. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Boris Jung, Yannaël Coisel, and Samir Jaber 22 The Anesthesia Machine as a Monitor. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 James H. Philip 23 Ventilator Settings in Acute Care Environments . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Yannaël Coisel, Boris Jung, and Samir Jaber 24 Monitoring Respiratory Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Michael Ramsay 25 Closed-Loop Mechanical Ventilation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Marc Wysocki Part IV Neuromonitoring 26 Introduction to Neuromonitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 Tod Sloan and Antoun Koht 27 Transcranial Doppler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Roy C. Neeley Contents ix 28 Brain Oxygenation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Davinder Ramsingh 29 Intracranial Pressure and SvjO2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Nelson Nicolas Algarra and Michael J. Souter 30 Monitoring the EEG for Assessing Depth of Anesthesia . . . . . 255 Guy A. Dumont 31 Monitoring Analgesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 Anjali Dogra and Hadi S. Moten 32 Neuromonitoring During Spine Surgery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 Sean A. Flesch, William H. Levis Jr., and Nabil J. Azar 33 Closed-Loop Anesthesia Based on Neuromonitoring. . . . . . . . 275 Ngai Liu, El Medhi Hafi ani, and Morgan Le Guen 34 Target-Controlled Infusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Loren A. Hemachandra Part V Metabolic Monitoring 35 Glucometrics and Measuring Blood Glucose in Critically Ill Patients. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291 Gregory E. Evans, Donald Crabtree, and Liza M. Weavind 36 Noninvasive Hemoglobin Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299 Valerie Begnoche and Michael O’Reilly 37 Monitoring of O Uptake and CO Elimination 2 2 During Anesthesia and Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Peter H. Breen and Abraham Rosenbaum 38 Gastric Tonometry. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 William T. Costello 39 Temperature Monitoring. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Adam B. King and Jesse M. Ehrenfeld Part VI Other Forms of Monitoring in the Acute Care Environment 40 Point-of-Care Coagulation Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Michael T. Ganter and Christoph K. Hofer 41 Pediatric Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Thomas M. Romanelli 42 Fetal Monitoring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355 Matthew V. Buck and Michael G. Richardson 43 Ultrasound . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 Rajnish K. Gupta and Clifford Bowens Jr.
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