Table Of Content

MON-KHMER STUDIES A JOURNAL OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN LANGUAGES AND CULTURES Volume 39 MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY AT SALAYA, THAILAND & SIL INTERNATIONAL 2010 ©2010 by SIL International® ISBN: 978-1-55671-257-9 ISSN: 0147-5207 Printed in the United States of America All Rights Reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or otherwise—without the express permission of SIL International®, with exception of brief excerpts in journal articles or reviews. Camera copy prepared by Mahidol University Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia Copies of this and other publications of SIL International® may be obtained from SIL International Publications 7500 West Camp Wisdom Road Dallas, TX 75236-5699 USA Voice: 972-708-7404 Fax: 972-708-7363 Email: [email protected] Internet: http://www.ethnologue.com EDITORIAL NOTE On behalf of the Mon-Khmer Studies Vol. 39, we would like to express our sincere thanks to all authors who have contributed their academic knowledge to this volume. In this volume, there are ten articles, six languages: Vietnamese, Kammu, Old Khmer, Lav(cid:1)(cid:2)(cid:3), Cua and Tai. The linguistic aspects are rhythmic patterns, body part terms, copula, metaphors, origin of alphabet, phonology, loanwords and sound changes. There is one article on Thai folk healer monks; a book review and conference reports are also presented. As usual, we welcome your articles on Austroasiatic linguistics and languages as well as studies on cultures for the coming volumes. Please find more information on our webpage at www.mksjournal.org. Sophana Srichampa For the MKS Editorial Board MON-KHMER STUDIES is a journal devoted to the study of Austroasiatic languages, and the cultures of their Mon-Khmer and Munda speakers. MON-KHMER STUDIES is produced annually, and welcomes articles or notes on linguistics, cultural description, comparison, bibliography, historical development, sociolinguistics, stylistics, orthography, paleography, and other relevant topics. MON-KHMER STUDIES may on occasion publish articles that concern other languages, and which advance our understanding of the nature, history, and development of the Austroasiatic family. EDITORIAL BOARD John Miller Suwilai Premsrirat Robert Bauer Sophana Srichampa Carolyn Miller Sujaritlak Deepadung Brian Migliazza Naraset Pisitpanporn Kenneth Smith Mayuree Thawornpat Julie Green Isara Choosri Kirk Person Doug Cooper Paul Sidwell Editorial Assistant: Nipawan Charoenlak Suttilak Soonghangwa Series Editor Volume Editor Sophana Srichampa Sophana Srichampa Editorial Address: MON-KHMER STUDIES Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia Mahidol University at Salaya, Nakhon Pathom 73170, Thailand TEL 66 2 800-2308-14 ext. 3213 FAX 66 2 800-2332 E-mail: [email protected] Homepage: www.mksjournal.org CONSULTING EDITORS Anthony Diller (Australian National U., Canberra) Christian Bauer (Humboldt U., Berlin) David Bradley (LaTrobe U., Melbourne) Franklin Huffman (U.S. Foreign Service) Gérard Diffloth (Phnom Penh, Cambodia) Ivan Simon (North-Eastern Hill U., Shillong) James Matisoff (U. California, Berkeley, CA) Jan-Olof Svantesson (Lund U., Lund) Jerold Edmondson (U. Texas, Arlington) Kanchana Nakasakul (Chulalongkorn U., Bangkok) Kenneth Gregerson (SIL International) Michel Ferlus (CNRS, Paris) Marilyn Gregerson (SIL International) Nick Enfield (Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, the Netherlands) Norman Zide (U. of Chicago, Chicago, IL) Pattiya Jimreivat (Mahidol U., Bangkok) Philip Jenner (Elma, WA) Robert Headley (Hyattsville, MD) Suriya Ratanakul (Mahidol U., Bangkok) Theraphan L.Thongkum (Chulalongkorn U., Bangkok) Wilaiwan Khanittanan (Thammasat U., Bangkok) Yasuyuki Sakamoto (U. of Foreign Studies, Tokyo) TABLE OF CONTENTS EDITORIAL NOTE………………………………………………………….. iii ABBREVIATIONS...………………………………………………………....vii ARTICLES Nguyễn, T. ANH-THƯ Rhythmic pattern and corrective focus in Vietnamese polysyllabic words............................................................................................................1 Felix AHLNER Body part terms in Kammu........................................................................29 Pogibenko TAMARA Copula of identity in Old Khmer………...................................................61 NIRAMON Suwangard Metaphors in the LațǸəȤ LəsǤm ɉlǫ poetry...............................................75 Alexis MICHAUD, André-Georges HAUDRICOURT The origin of the peculiarities of the Vietnamese alphabet.......................89 Paul SIDWELL Cua (Kor) historical phonology and classification..................................105 CHOMMANAD Intajamornrak Tai Loanwords in Mal: A Minority language of Thailand......................123 PITTAYAWAT Pittayaporn Establishing relative chronology of Palaung sound changes using Tai Loanwords...............................................................................................137 Daniel HUBER On khw–f alternations in Bangkok Thai and other Tai languages...............155 SAOWAPA Pornsiripongse Religious syncretism in healing non-communicable diseases: the role of folk healer monks...................................................................167 REVIEWS, BIBLIOGRAPHY Book Reviews.................................................................................................177 Norman H. ZIDE Review of Korku Language: Grammar, Texts and Vocabulary, by K.S. Nagaraja, Institute for the Study of Languages of Asia and Africa, Tokyo University of Foreign Studies, 1999, 336 pages. Conference Reports.......................................................................................193 Amarjiva LOCHAN The 3nd SSEASR Conference, 3-6 June 2009, Bali Dinh Lu Giang The 19th Annual Meeting of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society ABBREVIATIONS AE American Ethnologist AL Anthropological linguistics ALH Acta Linguistica Haniensia BEFEO Bulletin de l’Ecôle Françoise d’Extrême-Orient BLS Berkeley Linguistics Society CLAO Cahiers de linguistique-Asie Oriental CTT Consonant Types & Tones IJSL International Journal of Scottish Literature IL Indian Linguistics IPLS Indo-Pacific Linguistics Studies ISCA International Speech Communication Association JASA Journal of the Acoustics Society of America JP Journal of Phonetics JSAS Southeast Asia Studies JSEALS Journal of the Southeast Asian Linguistics Society JSS Journal of Siam Society LS Language Sciences MKS Mon-Khmer Studies OL Oceanic Linguistics PL Pacific Linguistics, Canberra PSJ Phonetic Society of Japan SALS Southeast Asia Linguistics Studies UHL Universals of Human Language Rhythmic pattern and corrective focus in Vietnamese polysyllabic words Nguyễn, T. ANH-THƯ Australia Abstract This paper reports a study which examined the rhythmic patterns in Vietnamese polysyllabic words and their acoustic correlates, particularly the scope of forward planning, reflected in rhythmic prominences and edge/boundary effects; modified by or in interaction with (corrective) focus effects. The aim of the study is pursued by examining the rhythmic patterns and their acoustic correlates in polysyllabic reduplicative words (2-,3-,4-,5-,6- syllable pseudo-words). Ten native speakers of Vietnamese (Saigon dialect) participated in the study. The results showed that there is a tendency of syllable coupling indicated mainly by syllable duration pattern and supported by the native listeners’ perception results, suggesting that polysyllabic words in Vietnamese tend to be parsed into bi-syllabic iambic feet with a rightward or retrograde rhythmic pattern, suggesting that bi-syllabic right-headed foot is a prosodic unit above the syllable in Vietnamese. 1. Introduction Vietnamese is a contour tone language which has a system of lexically distinctive tones and is strongly syllabic in its phonological organization and morphology. Most syllables are independent morphemes and every syllable in an utterance bears an independent lexical tone specification which is not neutralised (become toneless) in context. The existence of stress at the word level in Vietnamese has been a matter of unresolved controversy (Thompson 1965; Nguyễn ðăng Liêm 1970, among others). However, recent series of studies (Nguyễn & Ingram 2007a; Nguyễn & Ingram 2007b; Nguyễn & Ingram unpublished) showed clear evidence of prominence asymmetry; that bi-syllabic reduplicative and compound words are phonetically right-headed, realised mainly by syllable duration, full vowel and tonal shape. This prominence pattern is further supported by the tone sandhi which is confined to first syllables, suggesting that “tone sandhi is a reduction phenomenon occurring on prosodically weak positions” (Shih 2005) and, by implication, that Vietnamese shows phonetic evidence of prosodic constituency at the level (cid:2) of the bisyllabic word. However, the status of the prosodic unit whether it (cid:2) constitutes a stress foot or not is yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to further follow up the status of word stress/stress foot and the rhythmic structure of Vietnamese, particularly the scope of forward planning, reflected in rhythmic prominences and edge/boundary effects; modified by or in interaction with corrective focus effects. MON-KHMER STUDIES 39:1-28