Molecular Pathology of Endocrine Diseases

268 Pages·2010·13.995 MB·English

by  Jennifer L. Hunt MD, MEd (auth.), Jennifer L. Hunt (eds.)

Molecular Pathology library SerieS
Philip T. Cagle, MD, Series Editor
For other titles published in this series, go to
www.springer.com/series/7723
Molecular Pathology
of Endocrine Diseases
Edited by
Jennifer L. Hunt
Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Editor
Jennifer L. Hunt
Massachusetts General Hospital
Boston, MA
USA
ISBN 978-1-4419-1706-5 e-ISBN 978-1-4419-1707-2
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4419-1707-2
Springer New York Dordrecht Heidelberg London
Library of Congress Control Number: 2010921196
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Series Preface
The past two decades have seen an ever accelerating growth in knowledge about molecular pathology of
human diseases, which received a large boost with the sequencing of the human genome in 2003. Molecu-
lar diagnostics, molecular targeted therapy, and genetic therapy are now routine in many medical centers.
The molecular field now impacts every field in medicine, whether clinical research or routine patient care.
There is a great need for basic researchers to understand the potential clinical implications of their research
whereas private practice clinicians of all types (general internal medicine and internal medicine specialists,
medical oncologists, radiation oncologists, surgeons, pediatricians, family practitioners), clinical investi-
gators, pathologists and medical laboratory directors, and radiologists require a basic understanding of the
fundamentals of molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment for their patients.
Traditional textbooks in molecular biology deal with basic science and are not readily applicable
to the medical setting. Most medical textbooks that include a mention of molecular pathology in the
clinical setting are limited in scope and assume that the reader already has a working knowledge of the
basic science of molecular biology. Other texts emphasize technology and testing procedures without
integrating the clinical perspective. There is an urgent need for a text that fills the gap between basic
science books and clinical practice.
In the Molecular Pathology Library series, the basic science and the technology is integrated with the
medical perspective and clinical application. Each book in the series is divided according to neoplastic and
non-neoplastic diseases for each of the organ systems traditionally associated with medical subspecialties.
Each book in the series is organized to provide specific application of molecular pathology to the patho-
genesis, diagnosis, and treatment of neoplastic and non-neoplastic diseases specific to each organ system.
These broad section topics are broken down into succinct chapters to cover a very specific disease entity.
The chapters are written by established authorities on the specific topic from academic centers around
the world. In one book, diverse subjects are included that the reader would have to pursue from multiple
sources in order to have a clear understanding of the molecular pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of
specific diseases. Attempting to hunt for the full information from basic concept to specific applications
for a disease from varied sources is time-consuming and frustrating. By providing this quick and user-
friendly reference, understanding and application of this rapidly growing field is made more accessible to
both expert and generalist alike.
As books that bridge the gap between basic science and clinical understanding and practice, the Molecu-
lar Pathology Library Series serves the basic scientist, the clinical researcher, and the practicing physician
or other health care provider who require more understanding of the application of basic research to patient
care, from “bench to bedside.” This series is unique and an invaluable resource to those who need to know
about molecular pathology from a clinical, disease-oriented perspective. These books will be indispens-
able to physicians and health care providers in multiple disciplines as noted above, to residents and fellows
in these multiple disciplines as well as their teaching institutions, and to researchers who increasingly must
justify the clinical implications of their research.
Houston, TX Philip T. Cagle
v
Contents
Section 1 General Endocrine Molecular Pathology
Chapter 1 Molecular Oncogenesis ................................................................................................... 3
Jennifer L. Hunt
Chapter 2 Systematic Autoimmune Diseases .................................................................................. 9
Sigrid Wayne
Chapter 3 MicroRNAs in Endocrine Diseases ................................................................................. 21
Simion Chiosea
Section 2 Thyroid Diseases
Chapter 4 Clinical Detection and Treatment of Thyroid Diseases .................................................. 27
Jamie C. Mitchell and Mira Milas
Chapter 5 Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases ....................................................................................... 37
Ashraf Khan and Otto Walter
Chapter 6 Benign Nodular Thyroid Disease .................................................................................... 47
Jennifer L. Hunt
Chapter 7 Fine Needle Aspiration: Present and Future.................................................................... 51
Zubair W. Baloch and Virginia A. LiVolsi
Chapter 8 Well-Differentiated Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma .......................................................... 57
Lori A. Erickson and Ricardo V. Lloyd
Chapter 9 Well-Differentiated Thyroid Follicular Carcinoma ......................................................... 73
Todd G. Kroll
Chapter 10 Poorly Differentiated and Undifferentiated Thyroid Carcinomas ................................... 95
Jennifer L. Hunt and Virginia A. LiVolsi
Chapter 11 Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma ........................................................................................ 103
Ronald A. DeLellis
Chapter 12 Unusual Thyroid Tumors ................................................................................................ 123
Jennifer L. Hunt
Chapter 13 Hematopoietic Tumors of the Thyroid ............................................................................ 127
Lawrence Tsao and Eric Hsi
vii
viii Contents
Section 3 Parathyroid Diseases
Chapter 14 Clinical Detection and Treatment of Parathyroid Diseases ............................................. 139
Michael T. Stang and Sally E. Carty
Chapter 15 Nonneoplastic Parathyroid Diseases ............................................................................... 151
Lori A. Erickson
Chapter 16 Neoplastic Parathyroid Diseases ..................................................................................... 159
Raja R. Seethala
Section 4 Pituitary Diseases
Chapter 17 Clinical Detection and Treatment of Benign and Malignant Pituitary Diseases ............. 169
Dima L. Diab and Amir H. Hamrahian
Chapter 18 Nonneoplastic and Neoplastic Pituitary Diseases ........................................................... 175
Christine B. Warren Baran and Richard A. Prayson
Section 5 Adrenal Diseases
Chapter 19 Clinical Detection and Treatment of Adrenal Disease .................................................... 197
Adrian M. Harvey, Allan A. Siperstein, and Eren Berber
Chapter 20 Benign and Malignant Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas ................................. 205
Ronald R.de Krijger and Francien H. van Nederveen
Chapter 21 Benign and Malignant Diseases of the Adrenal Cortex .................................................. 213
Anne Marie McNicol
Section 6 Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors
Chapter 22 Clinical Detection and Treatment of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumors ...................... 229
Jamie C. Mitchell
Chapter 23 Pancreatic Endocrine Neoplasms .................................................................................... 237
Ahmed S. Bedeir and Alyssa M. Krasinskas
Section 7 Other Neuroendocrine Lesions
Chapter 24 Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors ........................................................................ 247
Shih-Fan Kuan
Chapter 25 Head and Neck Neuroendocrine Tumors ........................................................................ 259
Edward B. Stelow
Chapter 26 Merkel Cell Carcinoma ................................................................................................... 267
Steven D. Billings and Melissa P. Piliang
Chapter 27 Neuroendocrine Lung Tumors ........................................................................................ 271
Sanja Dacic
Index ..................................................................................................................................................... 277
Contributors
Zubair W. Baloch, MD, PhD
Professor, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center,
Philadelphia, PA, USA
Christine B. Warren Baran, BA
Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
Ahmed S. Bedeir, MD
Pathologist, Department of Pathology, Caris Diagnostics, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Eren Berber, MD
Staff Surgeon, Division of Endocrine Surgery, Endocrine and Metabolism Institute, Cleveland Clinic,
Cleveland, OH, USA
Steven D. Billings, MD
Co-Section Head, Departments of Anatomic Pathology and Dermatology,
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
Philip T. Cagle, MD
Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
The Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
Sally E. Carty, MD
Professor of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh
School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Simion Chiosea, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburg Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Sanja Dacic, MD, PhD
Associate Professor of Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Ronald R. de Krijger, MD, PhD
Professor, Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, University Medical Center Rotterdam,
Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Ronald A. DeLellis, MD
Professor, Department of Pathology, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
Pathologist in Chief, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
Dima L. Diab, MD
Clinical Fellow, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland,
OH, USA
Lori A. Erickson, MD
Associate Professor, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Amir H. Hamrahian, MD
Staff, Diabetes, and Metabolism, Department of Endocrinology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
ix
x Contributors
Adrian M. Harvey, MD, MEd, MSC
Clinical Assistant Professor of Surgery and Oncology, Endocrine Surgeon, Department of Surgery,
Foothills Medical Center, Calgary, AB, Canada
Eric Hsi, MD
Section Head, Hematopathology, Department of Clinical Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH USA
Jennifer L. Hunt, MD, MEd
Associate Chief of Pathology, Director of Quality and Safety, Associate Professor of Pathology,
Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
Ashraf Khan, MD, FRCPath
Professor of Pathology; Director of Surgical Pathology, Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial
Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
Alyssa M. Krasinskas, MD
Associate Professor of Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center,
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Todd G. Kroll, MD, PhD
Department of Pathology, Loyola University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
Shih-Fan Kuan, MD, PhD
Associate Professor, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Centers,
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Virginia A. LiVolsi, MD
Professor, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania,
Philadelphia PA, USA
Ricardo V. Lloyd, MD, PhD
Professor, Department of Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
Anne Marie McNicol, BSc, MBChB, MD, MRCP(UK), FRCPGlas, FRCPath
Professor, Department of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The Royal
Brisbane and Women’s Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
Mira Milas, MD
Staff; Endocrinology and Metabolism Institute Director, The Thyroid Center Associate Professor
of Surgery, Department of Endocrine Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
Jamie C. Mitchell, MD
Staff Surgeon, Department of Endocrine Surgery, The Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
Melissa Peck Piliang, MD
Associate Staff, Departments of Dermatology and Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic Foundation,
Cleveland, OH, USA
Richard A. Prayson, MD
Section Head, Neuropathology; Professor, Department of Anatomic Pathology,
Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, USA
Raja R. Seethala, MD
Assistant Professor of Pathology and Otolaryngology, Department of Pathology,
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Allan Siperstein, MD
Chair, Professor of Surgery, Department of Endocrine Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Surgery Institute,
Cleveland, OH, USA
Michael T. Stang, MD
Assistant Professor of Surgery, Section of Endocrine Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology,
Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, VA Pittsburg Healthcare System,
Pittsburgh, PA, USA
Contributors xi
Edward B. Stelow, MD
Assistant Professor, Department of Pathology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
Lawrence Tsao, MD
Staff, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
Francien H. van Nederveen, MD
Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
Otto Walter, MD
Surgical Pathology Fellow, Department of Pathology, UMass Memorial Medical Center, Worcester,
MA, USA
Sigrid Wayne, MD
Fellow, Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA