Molecular Paradigms of Infectious Disease: A Bacterial Perspective

656 Pages·2006·6.678 MB·English

by  James M. Slauch (auth.), Cheryl A. Nickerson, Michael J. Schurr (eds.)

Molecular Paradigms of Infectious
Disease
A Bacterial Perspective
Emerging Infectious Diseases of the 21st Century
Series Editor: I.W.Fong
Professor of Medicine,University of Toronto
Head of Infectious Diseases,St.Michael’s Hospital
Recent volumes in this series:
MALARIA:GENETIC AND EVOLUTIONARY ASPECTS
Edited by Krishna R.Dronamraju and Paolo Arese
INFECTIONS AND THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:New Perspectives
Edited by I.W.Fong
REEMERGENCE OF ESTABLISHED PATHOGENS IN THE 21st
CENTURY
Edited by I.W.Fong and Karl Drlica
BIOTERRORISM AND INFECTIOUS AGENTS:A New Dilemma for the
21st Century
Edited by I.W.Fong and Ken Alibek
MOLECULAR PARADIGMS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE:A Bacterial
Perspective
Edited by Cheryl A.Nickerson and Michael J.Schurr
Cheryl A. Nickerson
Michael J. Schurr
Editors
Molecular Paradigms
of Infectious Disease
A Bacterial Perspective
Cheryl A.Nickerson Michael J.Schurr
School of Life Sciences Program in Molecular Pathogenesis and
Center for Infectious Diseases and Immunity
Vaccinology Department of Microbiology and
The Biodesign Institute Immunology
Arizona State University Tulane University Health Sciences
Tempe,AZ 85287 Center
USA New Orleans,LA 70112
[email protected] USA
[email protected]
Library ofCongress Control Number:2005938810
ISBN-10:0-387-30917-9 e-ISBN 0-387-32901-3 Printed on acid-free paper.
ISBN-13:978-0387-30917-0
© 2006 Springer Science+Business Media,LLC
All rights reserved.This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the
written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media,LLC,233 Spring Street,
New York,NY 10013,USA),except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly
analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic
adaptation,computer software,or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter
developed is forbidden.
The use in this publication oftrade names,trademarks,service marks and similar terms,even if
they are not identified as such,is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or
not they are subject to proprietary rights.
Printed in the United States ofAmerica. (SPI/EB)
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This book is dedicated to the editors’ respective par-
ents, Dr. and Mrs. Max A. Nickerson, and Mr. and
Mrs. John C. Schurr, and to Jill Schurr.

Preface
Infectious diseases caused by bacterial pathogens are a leading cause of
human death and illness worldwide. In addition to causing significant mor-
bidity and mortality bacterial diseases impose an enormous financial burden
on society.Recently,the challenges of effectively treating and preventing bac-
terial infections have been complicated by (1) the emergence of new organisms
and diseases;(2) reemerging strains whose incidence had previously declined;
(3) changing patterns of well-known diseases; (4) increased antibiotic resist-
ance in many strains; and (5) the potential misuse of bacteria as agents of
bioterrorism. The complexity of these challenges is made even clearer as
researchers continue to discover novel mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis
and begin to fully appreciate the diverse ways that bacteria cause disease in
humans.Collectively,these issues continue to provide important challenges at
both the basic research and clinical levels,and highlight the continued need for
an improved understanding of the mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis.
The study of bacterial pathogenesis has changed dramatically over the
last decade, as a result of revolutionary changes in biotechnology and our
understanding of molecular and cellular biological systems. This informa-
tion has greatly enhanced our understanding of bacterial pathogens and
how they cause disease.Indeed,in light of the genomic era that has dawned
since 1995, it has become increasingly apparent that many bacteria utilize
similar methods to become successful pathogens. Therefore, this book is
structured to emphasize paradigms of infectious disease that have emerged
in the last 10 years.
This book is designed to provide students (both undergraduates and grad-
uates) of the biological and medical sciences with a fundamental under-
standing of the complex cellular and molecular processes that are important
for bacterial virulence and the infectious disease process. In addition, this
book serves as a useful text/reference for scientists and researchers of bacte-
rial pathogenesis. Every chapter starts with a boxed section that provides
students with a historical overview of critical discoveries that have been
accomplished in that specific area of bacterial pathogenesis. A summary
vii
viii Preface
section at the end of each chapter provides a review of the major points of
the chapter text.In addition,a question-and-answer section is included at the
end of each chapter to help students assess their fundamental understanding
of the topic covered.
We have arranged the book in three basic parts. The first highlights key
techniques and methodologies that have driven recent discoveries in bacterial
pathogenesis including basic genetic and molecular techniques, genomics,
and genetic analyses that have been used to identify virulence factors. The
second focuses on major structures and mechanisms in bacteria that are
important for the pathogenesis/virulence of these organisms. The third con-
centrates on the regulation of these virulence determinants by global regula-
tors. Since interruption of global regulatory mechanisms abrogates many
different bacterial virulence determinants, a better understanding of these
pathogenic mechanisms will allow the development of novel therapeutics tar-
geted against a wide range of bacterial pathogens.
In closing,we would like to thank our respective postdoctoral mentors and
role models in bacterial pathogenesis,Dr.Roy Curtiss III (C.Nickerson) and
Dr.Vojo Deretic (M.Schurr) for their training,support,and generosity.We
would also like to thank our respective families and friends for their patience,
support,and understanding during the long process of preparation and pro-
duction of this book.We are especially grateful to Jamie Dominique for her
expert assistance in the formatting of this book and her patience in incorpo-
rating our many changes into the manuscript.
Contributors
Gregory G.Anderson,Washington University School of Medicine,
Department of Molecular Microbiology,St.Louis,MO 63110
Steven R.Blanke,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics,
University of Illinois,Urbana,IL 61801
Chasity Baker,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology,Tulane
University Medical School,New Orleans,LA 70112
Robert T.Cartee,Department of Microbiology,University of Alabama at
Birmingham,Birmingham,AL 35294
Lucy Cárdenas-Freytag,Program in Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunity,
Department of Microbiology and Immunology,SL38,Tulane University
Medical School,New Orleans,LA 70112
Clint Coleman,Program in Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunity,
Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Tulane University Medical
School,New Orleans,LA 70112
Anders Frisk,Program in Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunity,
Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Tulane University Health
Sciences Center,New Orleans,LA 70112
Audrey Glynn,Program in Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunity,
Department of Microbiology and Immunology,SL38,Tulane University
Medical School,New Orleans,LA 70112
Joanna B.Goldberg,Department of Microbiology,University of Virginia
Health System,Charlottesville,VA 22908
Barry S.Goldman,Agilix Corporation,New Haven,CT 06519
Conrad Halling,Agilix Corporation,New Haven,CT 06519
Daniel J.Hassett,Department of Molecular Genetics,Biochemistry and
Microbiology,University of Cincinnati College of Medicine,Cincinnati,
OH 45267-0524
ix
x Contributors
Michael Hensel,Institut für Klinische Mikrobiologie,Immunologie und
Hygiene,FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg,D-91054 Erlangen
Scott J.Hultgren,Washington University School of Medicine,Department
of Molecular Microbiology,St.Louis,MO 63110
James A.Imlay,Department of Microbiology,University of Illinois at
Urbana-Champaign,Urbana,IL 61801
Yvonne M.Lee,Washington University School of Medicine,Department of
Molecular Microbiology,St.Louis,MO 63110
Lisa A.Morici,Program in Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunity,
Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Tulane University Health
Sciences Center,New Orleans,LA 70112
Cheryl A.Nickerson,School of Life Sciences,Center for Infectious Diseases
and Vaccinology,The Biodesign Institute,Arizona State University,Tempe,
AZ 85287
Matthew R.Parsek,Department of Microbiology,Carver College of
Medicine,The University of Iowa,Iowa City,IA 52242
Michael J.Schurr,Program in Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunity,
Department of Microbiology and Immunology,Tulane University Health
Sciences Center,New Orleans,LA 70112
Joshua D.Shrout,Department of Microbiology,Carver College of
Medicine,The University of Iowa,Iowa City,IA 52242
James M.Slauch,Department of Microbiology,University of Illinois,
Urbana,IL 61801
Craig L.Smith,Washington University School of Medicine,Department of
Molecular Microbiology,St.Louis,MO 63110
Mark Soboleski,Program in Molecular Pathogenesis and Immunity,
Department of Microbiology and Immunology,SL38,Tulane University
Medical School,1430 Tulane Avenue,New Orleans,LA 70112
James W.Wilson,School of Life Sciences,Center for Infectious Diseases
and Vaccinology,The Biodesign Institute,Arizona State University,Tempe,
AZ 85287
Jennifer K.Wolf,Department of Microbiology,University of Virginia
Health System,Charlottesville,VA 22908
Dan Ye,Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics,University
of Illinois,Urbana,IL 61801
Janet Yother,Department of Microbiology,University of Alabama at
Birmingham,Birmingham,AL 35294
Daoguo Zhou, Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West
Lafayette,IN 47907