Molecular Models of Photoresponsiveness PDF
Preview Molecular Models of Photoresponsiveness
Molecular Models of Photoresponsiveness NATO Advanced Science Institutes Series A series of edited volumes comprising multifaceted studies of contemporary scientific issues by some of the best scientific minds in the world, assembled in cooperation with NA TO Scientific Affairs Division. This series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics New York and London C Mathematical and D. Reidel Publishing Company Physical Sciences Dordrecht, Boston, and London D Behavioral and Martinus Nijhoff Publishers Social Sciences The Hague, Boston, and London E Applied Sciences F Computer and Springer Verlag Systems Sciences Heidelberg, Berlin, and New York G Ecological Sciences Recent Volumes in Series A: Life Sciences Volume 65-The Pineal Gland and Its Endocrine Role edited by J. Axelrod, F. Fraschini, and G. P. Velo Volume 66-Biomagnetism: An Interdisciplinary Approach edited by Samuel J. Williamson, Gian·Luca Romani, Lloyd Kaufman, and Ivo Modena Volume 67-Biomass Utilization edited by Wilfred A. Cote, Jr. Volume 68-Molecular Models of Photoresponsiveness edited by G. Montagnoli and B. F. Erlanger Molecular Models of Photoresponsiveness Edited by G. Montagnoli Institute of Biophysics-CNR Pisa, Italy and B. F. Erlanger Columbia University New York, New York Springer Science+Business Media, LLC Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on the Molecular Models of Photoresponsiveness, held August 29-September 8, 1982, in San Miniato, Italy LECULAR mODUl OOFF I PHOTORE/PonnVEnEl1 HA'JO A'51 S.MIJoiIIATO ,.ISA 1912 Ubrary of Congress Catalog ing in Publicat ion Oata NATO Advanced Study Institute on the Molecular Models of Photoresponsive ness (1982: San Miniato, Italy) Molecular models of photoresponsiveness. (NATO advanced science institutes series. Series A, Ufe sciences; v. 68) "Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Oivision." "Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on the Molecular Models of Photoresponsiveness, held August 29-September 8, 1982, in San Miniato, Italy"-T.p. verso. Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Photobiology-Congresses. 2. Photochemistry-Congresses. 1. Montagnoli, G. II. Erlanger, B. F. III. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Scientific Affairs Oivi sion. IV. Title. V. Series. QH515.N19 1982 574.19'15 83-13861 ISBN 978-1-4757-0898-1 ISBN 978-1-4757-0896-7 (eBook) DOI 10..1007/978-1-4757-0896-7 © 1 983 Springer Science+Business Media New York Originally pUblished by Plenum Press, New York in 1983 AII rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher PREFACE The idea for a NATO ASI meeting on the subject of Molecular Models of Photoresponsiveness arose in conversations between the editors of this book during the "8th International Congress of Photobiology" in Strasbourg in 1980. Over a period of somewhat more than a decade, an increasing number of laboratories have be come interested in the design of model systems in which biologically active molecules in solution and in membranes could be made photo responsive. In most instances, the major interest was in processes that mimicked photoresponsive systems that exist in nature. Fre quently the purpose was to help in understanding naturally occur ring processes but in other cases the motivation was strictly cu riosity: the systems were devised to see if they "worked". As frequently occurs, a field of research that was originally derivative in nature attains a life and character of its own. Thus, certain of the model photoresponsive systems appear to have prac tical, even industrial applications. Others have been used as new tools to study biological systems, an example being their use as rapid photoswitches to examine the early events in neurological processes. It seemed an appropriate time to bring together a represen tative number of scientists engaged in the study of model photo responsive systems. The atmosphere of a NATO ASI meeting appeared optimal because it would allow the presence of young scientists who might be the source of novel ideas and approaches. Horeover, it might be possible to arouse their interest sufficiently to motivate them in their future research. Since these model systems incorporate principles of many fields-biology, chemistry and physics- we decided to invite repre sentatives of these various disciplines in ord~r to familiarize them with the systems being studied and to encourage them to present lectures covering the general principles underlying the model processes. With respect to biologists, scientists actively engaged ~n v vi PREFACE the study of naturally occurring photoresponsive systems were invited. An interchange between them and the scientists who work on models (for the most part, chemists) would be, we thought, ex tremely useful. We are very pleased with the outcome of our efforts and are of the opinion that many of our initial aims have been realized. This volume contains articles, based on the oral presentations, which cover principles of photophysics, photobiology and photo chemistry. As sometimes occurs in proceedings of a meeting, not all oral presentations appear as chapters in the book. On the other hand, in this collection of the proceedings, we have in cluded a contribution of H. J. Newbury on the subject that Prof. H. Smith was unable to present at the meeting. The book contains excellent reviews on naturally occurring photoresponsive systems and exciting reports on photoresponsive model systems. Perhaps, a few of our readers will be enticed to enter this field. The editors wish to express their appreciation to the other members of the organizing committee, A. P. M. Eker, W. Shropshire, H. Smith and to the participants for their enthusiasm and hard work. The organizational and typing expertise of Mrs. Patricia Gordon and Miss Ambra Vannozzi proved invaluable for the prepara tion of the ffieeting and of the book. G. Montagnoli B. F. Erlanger CONTENTS INTRODUCTION AND GENERAL PRINCIPLES Evolutionary Aspects of Photoresponsive Systems • • 1 B.F. Erlanger Light Migration and Energy Utilization in .......... Biological Systems • • • • • • 15 J. L. Houben and N. Rosato The Biological Effects of Millimeter Waves 39 H. Frohlich Biological Photoresponses and Photoreceptors 43 W. Shropshire, Jr. PHOTORESPONSIVE SYSTEMS IN NATURE: UV LIGHT Photoinduced Responses in UV-irradiated Cells • • . • • 57 C. Helene Photoregulation of E.Coli Growth and the Near Ultraviolet Photochemistry of tRNA 75 A. Favre and E. Hajnsdorf The Photoimmunology of Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity and its Relationship to Photocarcinogenesis 95 E.C. De Fabo and F.P. Noonan PHOTORESPONSIVE SYSTEMS IN NATURE: VISIBLE LIGHT Photo repair Processes 109 A.P.M. Eker vii viii CONTENTS Reversible Absorbance Changes and Modulation of Biological Activities by Blue Light 133 H. Ninnemann Proposed Mechanism for Photomodulation of Carbon Metabolism Enzyme Activity in Chloroplasts and Cyanobacteria • • • 153 L.E. Anderson Protein Phosphorylation as an Adaptive ........ Mechanism in Photosynthesis and Vision 175 J. Bennett Circadian Rhythms:' The Basis for Information Processing in Eukaryotes During Adaptation to Seasonal Changes in Photo- and Thermoperiods 197 E. Wagner Photocontrol of Enzyme Activity in Higher Plants - Activation or Synthesis? • • . • • • • • 203 H.J. Newbury Photomodulation of Enzymes • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • •. 215 D.H. Hug PHOTORESPONSIVE MODEL SYSTEMS Photochemical Processes Induced with Enzyme- ........ Generated Triplet Species • • • • 235 G. Cilento Conformational Models of Light Energy Utilization in Photoreceptive Systems • • • • • • • • • 251 G. Montagnoli Activity Modulation by Photochromic Effectors .269 N.H. Wassermann and B.Y. Erlanger ...... Photomechanical Effects in Photochromic Systems 281 G.J. Smets Photoresponsive Synthetic Polymers • • • . • • • • • • • •• 291 M. Irie Spectroscopic Studies of Conformational Changes in Photochromic Polypeptides • • • • • • • 313 J.L. Houben and N.Rosato CONTENTS IX Photoresponsive Crown Ethers • . . . • . . . • . . . • . • . 325 S. Shinkai .. .......... . Model Photoresponsive Membranes , 337 I.M. Pepe and A. Gliozzi Photoresponsiveness and Models: Contributions and General Discussion • . . . • • • . • . . . • . .. 355 Rapporteurs: B.F. Erlanger, G. Montagnoli and W. Shropshire, Jr. Contributions of: L. Fukshansky, T.P. Coohill, G. Horneck, G. Augusti-Tocco, R. Pratesi, R.J. Cohen, C. Taddei-Ferretti, D. Corda, S.A. Kay, B.J. Horwitz, P.J. Aparicio, R. Caubergs and B. Lercari. PARTICIPANTS 375 INDEX 381 Introduction and General Principles
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