Molecular Mechanisms of Alcohol: Neurobiology and Metabolism

394 Pages·1990·29.3 MB·English

by  W. G. Wood

Molecular Mechanisms of Alcohol
Neurobiology and Metabolism
Experimental Biology and Medicine
Molecular Mechanisms of Alcohol: Neurobiology and Metabolism,
edited by Grace Y. Sun, P. Kevin Rudeen, W. Gibson Wood,
Yau Huei Wei, and Albert Y. Sun, 1989
Macromolecular Biorecognition: Principles and Methods, edited by
Irwin Chaiken, Emilia Chiancone, Angelo Fontana,
and Paolo Neri, 1987
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Carl W. Pierce, and Stanley Cohen, 1987
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Retroviruses and Human Pathology, edited by Robert C. Gallo,
Dominique Stehelin, and Oliviero E. Varnier, 1985
Directed Drug Delivery, edited by Ronald T. Borchardt, Arnold
Repta, and Valentino Stella, 1985
Immune Regulation, edited by Marc Feldmann and N. A.
Mitchison, 1985
Human T Cell Clones, edited by Marc Feldmann, Jonathan R.
Lamb, and James N. Woody, 1985
Inositol and Phosphoinositides, edited by John E. Bleasdale,
Joseph Eichberg, and George Hauser, 1985
Growth, Cancer, and the Cell Cycle, edited by Philip Skehan
and Susan J. Friedman, 1984
Ir Genes, edited by Carl W. Pierce, Susan E. Cullen, Judith A.
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Molecular
Mechanisms
of Alcohol
Neurobiology and Metabolism
Edited by
Grace Y. Sun, P. Kevin Rudeen,
W. Gibson Wood, Yau Huei Wei,
and Albert Y. Sun
Humana Press • Clifton, New Jersey
Libraty of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
International Symposium for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (1988 :
Taipei, Taiwan)
Molecular actions of ethanol : neurobiology and metabolism I
edited by Grace Y. Sun .... ret all.
p. em. - (Experimental biology and medicine)
"The proceedings of the International Symposium for Biomedical
Research on Alcoholism) July 4-6, 1988 Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. c."-
-T.p. verso.
ISBN-l3: 978-1-4612-8855-8 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4612-4514-8
DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4612-4514-8
1. Alcohol-Physiological effect-Congresses. 2. Alcohol
-Pathophysiology-Congresses. 3. Alcoholism-Animal models-
-Congresses. I. Sun, Grace Y. II. Title. III. Series:
Experimental biology and medicine (Gifton, N. J.)
[DNLM: 1. Alcohol, Ethyl-pharmacology-congresses. 2. Brain
Chemistry-drug effects--<:ongresses. 3. Cells, cu1tured-drug
effects--<:ongresses. 4. Metabolism-drug effects--<x>ngresses. QV
84 1585m 1988]
QP801.A31585 1988
616.86' 107-<ic20
DNLM/DLC
for library of Congress 89-19848
OP
© Copyright 1989 by The Humana Press Inc
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1989
Crescent Manor
POBox 2148
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No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any
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written permission from the Publisher.
The proceedings of the International Symposium for Biomedical
Research on Alcoholism July 4-6,1988 Taipei, Taiwan, R. O. C.
Preface
Alcohol abuse throughout the world is associated with serious
social and medical implications. Problems such as intoxication, tol
erance, and development of physical dependence have been well
recognized. The central nervous system and the liver are especially
affected. There is little doubt that alcohol abuse can result in organ
damage, which in turn leads to deleterious health consequences to
the individual. Understanding ethanol action presents a special
challenge because of its molecular simplicity and functional diver
sity. In fact, the ability for alcohol to disrupt cellular function is at
tributed to its cellular injury without regard to an apparent specific
mechanism of action. Nevertheless, the key to an effective treatment
to this problem is through research into understanding the mechan
isms underlying how ethanol interacts with cells and membranes.
This book is the result of a cooperative effort among scientists
from many nations who met in a symposium in Taipei, Taiwan,
ROC, July 1988. The focus of this book is on experimental ap
proaches to better understand the molecular mechanisms of ethanol
on the biological system. These recent advances in the examination
of the alcohol effects on cellular function are divided into four sec
tions. The first section addresses specific actions of ethanol on the
central nervous system. The second section is directed to the use of
cell cuI tures in ethanol research and the usefulness of cell cultures in
examination of the effects of ethanol in vitro. The third section ad
dresses the effects of ethanol on biochemical processes in cellular
function, and the fourth section focuses on the use of animal models
for alcohol research. Therefore, the contributions within this book
encompass the current state of knowledge pertinent to a multifacto
rial etiology of alcohol-related processes at the cellular, biochemical,
and molecular levels. Organization of the subject matter into these
sections, hopefully, will be informative to the readers in these ex
citing areas of alcohol research.
v
vi Preface
The production of this book would not have been possible with
out the support and help of a number of individuals. The editors
wish to express their appreciation to the authors for their willing
ness to contribute and share their work. We are most grateful to the
support by National Yang-Ming Medical College and the Chinese
National Science Council, Taiwan, ROC for sponsoring the sympo
sium. Thanks are also due to the Ching-Ling Medical Foundations,
ROC, International Society for Neurochemistry and University of
Missouri-Columbia, USA for additional financial support for the
symposium, as well as publication of this book volume. Finally, the
editors want to acknowledge their appreciation for the contribu
tions of Ms. Betsey Jones for her diligent role as editorial assistant.
P. Kevin Rudeen
Albert Y. Sun
Grace Y. Sun
Yau-Huei Wei
W. Gibson Wood
Acknowledgments
Sponsor
National Yang-Ming Medical College
Cosponsors
Chinese National Science Council, ROC
The Veterans General Hospital, ROC
Ching-ling Medical Foundations, ROC
International Society for Neurochemistry
University of Missouri-Columbia, USA
vii
Contents
v Preface
xiii List of Participants
1. Ethanol Action on Neurochemical Mechanisms
3 Specific Action of Ethanol on Lateral and Vertical Membrane
Lipid Domains, W. Gibson Wood, Christine Gorka,
A. M. Rao, and FriedheIm Schroeder
15 Effects of Acute and Chronic Ethanol Administration
on Metabolism of Brain Acidic Phospholipids, Grace Y. Sun,
Renuka Chandrasekhar, and Hsueh-Meei Huang
39 Effects of Ethanol on Receptors Coupled to Phosphoinositide
Hydrolysis in Brain, Fulton T. Crews, Norbert I. Pontzer,
and L.ludson Chandler
57 The Effects of Ethanol on Synaptic Membrane Calcium
Transporting Systems, Mary L. Michaelis
69 Depolarization-Dependent Poly-Phosphoinositide
Hydrolysis in Brain Is Inhibited by Ethanol In Vitro,
Ruben A. Gonzales
75 Glutamic Acid Synaptic Activity Is a Target of Acute
and Chronic Ethanol Effects in the Mammalian Brain,
Elias K. Michaelis
ix
x Contents
87 Effect of Ethanol Administration on the Phosphorylation
of a 43KDa Synaptosomal Protein, Patricia M. Wixom
and Albert Y. Sun
97 Ethanol Alters Monoamine Content in Different Brain
Regions of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats,
Ying-Ling Wang and Jiann-Wu Wei
107 Synthesis of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters by Brain Membranes,
Teng-Nan Lin and Grace Y. Sun
119 Vasopressin and Ethanol Tolerance: Postulated Mechanism
for Neuroadaptation, Paula L. Hoffman, Hideaki Ishizawa,
Gyula Szabo, J. R. Dave, Li-Ing Liu, and Boris Tabakoff
133 Serotonergic Mechanisms in Alcohol Intake, David T. Wong
and James M. Murphy
147 Mechanisms of Central Nervous System Alcohol-Related
Birth Defects, P. Kevin Rudeen and Julia A. Creighton
II. Ethanol and Cell Culture
169 Prenatal Ethanol Studies on Astrocytes, SUjata Tewari,
Thanh Hoang, David Winn, Kimberly Boyd,
and Hemalatha Parekh
193 Cell Cultures as a Model for Alcohol Research, Christer
Alling, Elisabeth Hansson, and Per Simonsson
207 Ethanol and Bradykinin-Stimulated Phosphoinositide
Hydrolysis in NGI08-15 Neuroblastoma-Glioma Cells,
Per Simonsson, Grace Y. Sun, and Christer Alling
215 Effect of Lipid Peroxidation on Glucose Transport
in Astrocytes: Potentiation by Ethanol, Teh-Chen Jou,
S. M. Liu, and Albert Y. Sun
Contents xi
III. Ethanol Effects on Metabolism
'l27 Genetic Polymorphism and Properties of Human Alcohol
and Aldehyde Dehydrogenases: Implications for Ethanol
Metabolism and Toxicity, Shih-Jiun Yin and Ting-Kai Li
249 Population Differences in ALDH Levels and Flushing
Response, Chiao-Chicy Chen and Eng-KungYeh
'257 Spin Trapping Studies of the Influence of Alcohol
on Lipid Peroxidation, Fiti F. Ahmad, David L. Cowan,
and Albert Y. Sun
279 Comparative Study on Biochemical Effects of Alcohols
on Rat Liver Mitochondrial Respiration and Oxidative
Phosphorylation, Yau-Huei Wei, JiunYu Huang,
and Chia-Hsiang Lee
293 Increases in Hepatic Gammaglutamyl Transferase
Following Alcohol Consumption: A Hepatoprotective
Rather than a Pathogenic Role, Yedy Israel, Shigeyuki
Nagata, and Hernan Spiesky
305 Effects of Chronic Ethanol and Fish Oil on Plasma
and Liver Lipids and Plasma Apoproteins, M. R. Lakshman,
Stuart J. Chirtel, and Laura L. Chambers
317 Effects of Ethanol on Contractility and Membrane
Currents of Cardiac Tissue, M. J. SU and S. O. Lin
327 Effect of Acute Ethanol on Membrane Transport of Folate,
Kenneth E. McMartin, William R. Bates, Tamaca Fortney,
and Sneh D. Bhandari
335 Alcoholism: A Low-Risk Disorder for Chinese? Community
Surveys in Taiwan, Eng-Kung Yeh, Hai-Gwo Hwu,
Chiao-Chicy Chen, and Yuan-Li Yeh