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Molecular Dynamics of Biomembranes PDF

418 Pages·1996·13.57 MB·English
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NATO ASI Series Advanced Science Institutes Series A series presenting the results of activities sponsored by the NA TO Science Committee, which aims at the dissemination of advanced scientific and technological knowledge, with a view to strengthening links between scientific communities. The Series is published by an international board of publishers in conjunction with the NATO Scientific Affairs Division A Life Sciences Plenum Publishing Corporation B Physics London and New York C Mathematical and Physical Sciences Kluwer Academic Publishers o Behavioural and Social Sciences Dordrecht, Boston and London E Applied Sciences F Computer and Systems Sciences Springer-Verlag G Ecological Sciences Berlin Heidelberg New York H Cell Biology London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Global Environmental Change Barcelona Budapest PARTNERSHIP SUB-SERIES 1. Disarmament Technologies Kluwer Academic Publishers 2. Environment Springer-Verlag 3. High Technology Kluwer Academic Publishers 4. Science and Technology Policy Kluwer Academic Publishers 5. Computer Networking Kluwer Academic Publishers The Partnership SUb-Series incorporates activities undertaken in collaboration with NA TO's Cooperation Partners, the countries of the CIS and Central and Eastern Europe, in Priority Areas of concern to those countries. NATO-PCO DATABASE The electronic index to the NATO ASI Series provides full bibliographical references (with keywords and/or abstracts) to about 50000 contributions from international scientists published in all sections of the NATO ASI Series. Access to the NATO-PCO DATABASE compiled by the NATO Publication Coordination Office is possible in two ways: - via online FILE 128 (NATO-PCO DATABASE) hosted by ESRIN, Via Galileo Galilei, 1-00044 Frascati, Italy. - via CD-ROM "NATO Science & Technology Disk" with user-friendly retrieval software in English, French and German (© WTV GmbH and DATAWARE Technologies Inc. 1992). The CD-ROM can be ordered through any member of the Board of Publishers or through NATO-PCO, Overijse, Belgium. Series H: Cell Biology, Vol. 96 Springer Berlin Heidelberg New York Barcelona Budapest Hong Kong London Milan Paris Santa Clara Singapore Tokyo Molecular Dynamics of Biomembranes Edited by Jos A. F. Op den Kamp Centre for Biomembranes and Lipid Enzymology Institute of Biomembranes Utrecht University Padualaan 8 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands Springer Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division Proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute "Molecular Dynamics of Biomembranes", held in Cargese, France, June 19-July1, 1995 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme Molecular dynamics of biomembranes : [proceedings of the NATO Advanced Study Institute "Molecular Dynamics of Biomembranes" held in Cargese, France, June 19 - July 1, 1995] / ed. by Jos A. F. op den Kamp. Pub1. in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division. - Berlin; Heidelberg; New York; Barcelona; Budapest; Hong Kong; London; Milan; Paris; Santa Clara; Singapore; Tokyo: Springer, 1996 (NATO ASI series: Ser. H, Cell biology; Vol. 96) ISBN-13: 978-3-642-64707-9 NE: Kamp, Jos A. F. op den [Hrsg.]; Advanced Study Institute Molecular Dynamics of Biomembranes <1995, Cargese>; NATO: NATO ASI series / H ISBN-13: 978-3-642-64707-9 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-61126-1 001: 10.1007/978-3-642-61126-1 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcast- ing, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1996 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1 st edition 1996 Typesetting: Camera ready by authors/editors Printed on acid-free paper SPIN 10477136 31/3137 - 5 43210 Preface Protein insertion and translocation, intracellular traffic and sorting of membranes and their components, and lipid-protein interactions were the main topics of the Advanced Study Institute on "Molecular Dynamics of Membranes", which was held in June 1995 in Cargese, Corsica, France. The course, co-sponsored by NATO and FEBS, was the fifth in a series that started in 1987 and takes place every two years in the Institut d'Etudes Scientifiques in Cargese. This Institute, ideally situated and fully equiped for this type of scientific meeting has greatly contributed to the great success of the courses. Of course, also the outstanding contributions of a large number of well known scientists and the enthousiastic participation of excellent graduate students and postdocs has given the "Cargese Lectures on Biomembranes" a firm reputation in the scientific community. The present proceedings is more than just a reflection on the information presented in the Course. First of all it contains a number of extensive reviews of specific areas of interest. Noteworthy are the articles dealing with: • the general mechanisms of protein transport, the roles of invariant chain in antigen presentation, protein import and export in E. coli, protein folding and the role of chaperones, chloroplast and mitochondrial protein import, • membrane traffic in general and during mitosis, and with respect to membrane lipids: lipid domain formation, lipases: an extensive review about structure and properties, phospholipase A2 and bioactive lipids, phospholipid transfer proteins, • phospholipid localization and mobility and, finally, new strategies for protein reconstitution. A wealth of information on important topics in membranology is presented here and extensive referencing to key publications complete these overviews. Added to these main articles are more limited and specific summaries of recent developments in these fields, as well as short research papers. Together they offer a good representation of the interests of lecturers, postdocs and graduate students as presented during the course. CONTENTS Mechanisms Involved in Co- and Posttranslational Protein Transport T.A Rapoport Glycosylation Mapping of the Interaction Between Topogenic Sequences and the ER Translocase I.M. Nilsson, P. Whitley and G. von Heijne 9 The Various Roles of Invariant Chain in the Act of Antigen Presentation T.W. Nordeng, A Simonsen and O. Bakke 15 Progress Towards the Identification of Secretion Signals in a Protein Transported in a Folded State Across a Lipid Bilayer N. Sauvonnet and AP. Pugsley 43 E. coli Preprotein Translocase: a 6 Stroke Engine with 2 Fuels and 2 Piston Rods W. Wickner and M. Rice Leonard 53 The TollP AL and TonB Systems: two Envelope-Spanning Protein Complexes Involved in Colicin Import in E. coli E. Bouveret, C. Lazdunski and H. Benedetti 59 In vitro Assembly of Outer Membrane Protein PhoE of E. coli C. Jansen, H. de Cock, P. van Gelder and J. Tommassen 71 Protein Folding in the Cell: the Role of Molecular Chaperones F-U. Hartl 79 Thermodynamics ofthe Membrane Insertion Process ofthe M13 Procoat Protein, a Lipid Bilayer Traversing Protein Comprising a Leader Sequence M. Eisenhawer, M. Soekatjo, A Kuhn and H. Vogel 89 Lipid-Protein Interactions in Chloroplast Protein Import B. de Kruijff, R. Pilon, R. van 't Hof and R. Demel 99 VIII Protein Transport Into and Across the Mitochondrial Outer Membrane: Recognition, Insertion and Translocation of Preproteins R. LiB, G. Kispal, K-P. Kiinkele, A. Mayer, B. Risse, H. Steiner, P. Heckmeyer, I. van der Klei and D.A. Court 137 Protein Import Across the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane H-C. Schneider, J. Berthold, M.F. Bauer, C. Klaus, W. Neupert and M. Brunner 157 How Mitochondria Recognize and Bind Precursor Proteins at the Surface V. Haucke 167 The General Features of Membrane Traffic During Endocytosis in Polarized and Non-Polarized Cells I. Mellman 177 Mitotic Fragmentation of the Golgi Apparatus G. Warren 191 Kinetic Measurements of Fusion Between Vesicles Derived from the Endoplasmic Reticulum J.G. Orsel, I. Bartoldus and T. Stegmann 199 The Sorting of Membrane Proteins During the Formation ofER-Derived Transport Vesicles J.L. Campbell and R. Schekman 209 Isolation and Characterization of Yeast Mutants Defective in the Dolichol Pathway for N-Glycosylation J. Roos, J. Xu, S. Centoducati, J. Luz, N. Ramani, Q. Yan, R. Sternglanz and W.J. Lennarz 219 The Importance of Lipid-Protein Interactions in Signal Transduction Through the Calcium-Phospholipid Second Messenger System S. McLaughlin, C. Buser, G. Denisov, M. Glaser, W.T. Miller, A. Morris, M. Rebecchi and S. Scarlata 229 IX Covalently Attached Lipid Bilayers on Planar Waveguides for Measuring Protein Binding to Functionalized Membranes S. Heyse, M. Siinger, H. Sigrist, O. Jung, K-H. Wiesmiiller and H. Vogel 245 The Effect of Sterol Side Chain Conformation on Lateral Lipid Domain Formation in Monolayer Membranes P. Mattj us, J.P. Slotte, C. Vilcheze and R Bittman 255 The Kinetics, Specificities and Structural Features of Lipases S. Ransac, F. Carriere, E. Rogalska, R Verger, F. Marguet, O. Buono, E. Pinho Melo, J.M.S. Cabral, M-P.E. Egloff, H. van Tilbeurgh and C. Cambillau 265 Phospholipases A2 and the Production of Bioactive Lipids H. van den Bosch, C. Schalkwijk, M.J.B.M. Vervoordeldonk, AJ. Verkleij and J. Boonstra 305 Phospholipases in the Yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae M. Fido, S. Wagner, H. Mayr, S.D. Kohlwein and F. Paltauf 315 Functional Analysis of Phosphatidylinositol Transfer Proteins B.O. Kearns, J.O. Alb Jr., RT. Cartee and V.A Bankaitis 327 Phosphatidylcholine Biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: Effects on Regulation of Phospholipid Synthesis and Respiratory Competence P. Oriac and S.A Henry 339 Resynthesis of the Cell Surface Pool of Phosphatidylinositol D.J. Sillence and M.O. Low 347 The OlcNac-PI de-N-Acetylase of Glycosylphosphatidylinositol (OPI) Biosynthesis in Trypanosoma brucei D.K. Sharma and M.AJ. Ferguson 357 Phospholipid Flippases: Neither Exclusively, nor only Involved in Maintaining Membrane Phospholipid Asymmetry B. Roelofsen, E. Middelkoop, W.P. Vermeulen, AJ. Smith and J.AF. Op den Kamp 367 x A New Efficient Strategy to Reconstitute Membrane Proteins into Liposomes: Application to the Study ofCa++-ATPases J-L. Rigaud and D. Levy 383 Interaction of Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Proteins with Phospholipid Vesicles J. Perez-Gil, A. Cruz, M.L.F. Ruano, E. Miguel, I. Plasencia and C. Casals 399 Subject Index 407 MECHANISMS INVOLVED IN CO- AND POSTTRANSLATIONAL PROTEIN TRANSPORT Tom A. Rapoport, Ph.D. Department of Cell Biology Harvard Medical School 25 Shattuck Street Boston, MA 02115 USA The secretion and membrane insertion of proteins is a universal process occurring in living beings from bacteria to man. In prokaryotes, secretory proteins are transported directly across the plasma membrane or are inserted into it; in eukaryotes, they are initially translocated in an analogous process across the ER membrane, but are thereafter transported in vesicles to the plasma membrane. In all organisms, the translocation of proteins across and their integration into the membrane are initiated by hydrophobic signal sequences which are interchangeable; prokaryotic signal sequences can perform in eukaryotes and vice versa. The transport of a protein across the membrane may occur during its synthesis (cotranslationally) or upon its completion (posttranslationally). In both cases, the process is started by a targeting phase (for a review, see Walter and Johnson, 1994). One mechanism of cotranslational targeting involves the signal recognition particle (SRP) which only recognizes signal sequences of nascent chains that are associated with the ribosome. Other targeting pathways involve cytosolic chaperones such as SecB, groEL and hsp 70, which may function either co- or posttranslationally and which maintain polypeptides in a translocation-competent structure. The mechanism of the actual translocation process, that succeeds the targeting phase, also appears to differ depending on whether the polypeptide is transported co- or posttranslationally. The cotranslational mode requires the binding of the translating ribosome to the membrane and it is thought that the elongating nascent chain is transferred directly from the ribosome into the membrane (Blobel and Dobberstein, 1975). Therefore, the membrane binding of the ribosome may be necessary for the translocation process. In comparison, since the ribosome does not have a function in the posttranslational mode of translocation of proteins, other mechanisms of transport may be assumed. In both cases, ho"wever, it is believed that polypeptides are NATO ASI Series, Vol. H 96 Molecular Dynamics of Biomembranes Edited by Jos A. F. Op den Kamp © Springer.Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1996

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