Molecular Biomineralization: Aquatic Organisms Forming Extraordinary Materials PDF
Preview Molecular Biomineralization: Aquatic Organisms Forming Extraordinary Materials
Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology Series Editors Werner E.G. Mu¨ller 52 Philippe Jeanteur, Robert E. Rhoads, Ðurðica Ugarkovic´, Ma´rcio Reis Custo´dio Volumes Published in the Series ProgressinMolecular Subseries: andSubcellularBiology MarineMolecularBiotechnology Volume35 Volume37 RNATraffickingandNuclearStructure Sponges(Porifera) Dynamics W.E.G.Mu¨ller(Ed.) Ph.Jeanteur(Ed.) Volume39 Volume36 Echinodermata VirusesandApoptosis V.Matranga(Ed.) C.Alonso(Ed.) Volume42 Volume38 AntifoulingCompounds EpigeneticsandChromatin N.FusetaniandA.S.Clare(Eds.) Ph.Jeanteur(Ed.) Volume43 Volume40 Molluscs DevelopmentalBiologyofNeoplastic G.CiminoandM.Gavagnin(Eds.) Growth Volume46 A.Macieira-Coelho(Ed.) MarineToxinsasResearchTools Volume41 N.FusetaniandW.Kem(Eds.) MolecularBasisofSymbiosis Volume47 J.Overmann(Ed.) BiosilicainEvolution,Morphogenesis, Volume44 andNanobiotechnology AlternativeSplicingandDisease W.E.G.Mu¨llerandM.A.Grachev(Eds.) Ph.Jeanteur(Ed.) Volume45 AsymmetricCellDivision A.MacieiraCoelho(Ed.) Volume48 Centromere Ðurd-icaUgarkovic´(Ed.) Volume49 Aestivation C.A.NavasandJ.E.Carvalho(Eds.) Volume50 miRNARegulationoftheTranslational Machinery R.E.Rhoads(Ed.) Volume51 LongNon-CodingRNAs Ðurd-icaUgarkovic(Ed.) Volume52 MolecularBiomineralization W.E.G.Mu¨ller(Ed.) Werner E.G. Mu¨ller Editor Molecular Biomineralization Aquatic Organisms Forming Extraordinary Materials Editor Prof.Dr.WernerE.G.Mu¨ller Universita¨tMainz InstituteforPhysiologicalChemistry UniversityMedicalCenterofthe JohannesGutenbergUniversityMainz Duesbergweg6 55128Mainz Germany [email protected] ISSN0079-6484 ISBN978-3-642-21229-1 e-ISBN978-3-642-21230-7 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-21230-7 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011936517 # Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9, 1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violations areliabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply, evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotective lawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface Living beings, in particular aquatic organisms are capable of synthesizing a high diversityofbiominerals,rangingfromsilica,calciumcarbonate,calciumphosphate to metallic, e.g. iron oxide, biominerals. Some of these biominerals, e.g. calcium carbonate, can be present in various phases, regulated by certain organic macro- molecules,andtheyarefoundbothinprokaryoticandeukaryoticorganisms.This bookoftheseriesProgressinMolecularandSubcellularBiologygivesasurveyon the most recent developments in the field of Molecular Biomineralization high- lighting the importance and the mechanisms of this process occurring at the interfacebetweentheinorganicandtheorganicworld. PartIonMetallicBiomineralsdescribesthesurprisingabilityofcertainbacteria (magnetotactic bacteria) to biomineralize magnetic crystals in their “magneto- somes”, the synthesis of ferric oxide biominerals in protein (ferritin) nanocages, theoxidationofmanganesebybacteria,aswellasthecontributionofmicroorgan- isms to the biogenic formation of mineral deposits in manganese nodules and seamount crusts. Part II on Biocalcium illustrates the molecular mechanisms of formation ofcalcium-based biominerals, including the calciumcarbonate precipi- tation by bacteria and the formation of calcium carbonate and calcium phosphate biomineralsinavarietyofaquatic(invertebrateandvertebrate)organisms.Special emphasis is on the role of organic matrix proteins in the biomineralization of the Echinodermcalciteendoskeletonandtheroleofskeletogenicgenesintheregula- tionofbiocalcificationinseaurchin.ThemainfocusofPartIIIonBiosilicaison the unique enzyme, silicatein, which forms the biosilica skeleton of the siliceous sponges (demosponges and hexactinellids). The extraordinary properties of this biomaterial,aninorganic-organicnanocompositewiththecapabilityof“bio-sinter- ing”,butalsoitsbioactivity,inparticularitsabilitytostimulatebonehydroxyapa- tite formation and to modulate the expression of certain cytokines involved in pathogenesis of osteoporosis have attracted increasing interest in its possible applicationinnanotechnologyandnanobiomedicine.PartIVonNacrewillattract the attention of the reader on the intriguing function of matrix proteins in the calcificationanddecalcificationofthehardcuticleinCrustaceans.Themostrecent v vi Preface researchadvancesintheformationofmolluscanshellnacreouslayers,thecontrol of the nucleation and growth of aragonitic crystals as well as the function of extracellular matrix macromolecules in these biomineralization processes will be delineated. Thisbookhopestocontributetoourpresentunderstandingoftheroleoforganic proteins and matrices in skeletal formation, one fundamental process of life, and biogenicmineraldepositioninaqueousenvironmentsasabaseforthebiomimetic design of novel functional materials for future biotechnological and biomedical applications. WernerE.G.Mu¨ller HeinzC.Schro¨der InstituteforPhysiologicalChemistry UniversityMedicalCenteroftheJohannesGutenberg UniversityMainz Contents PartI MetallicBiominerals 1 MagnetiteBiomineralizationinBacteria ............................... 3 JensBaumgartnerandDamienFaivre 2 Maxi-andMini-Ferritins:MineralsandProteinNanocages ........ 29 LoesE.BeversandElizabethC.Theil 3 ManganeseOxidationbyBacteria:BiogeochemicalAspects ......... 49 P.P.SujithandP.A.LokaBharathi 4 MolecularBiomineralization:TowardanUnderstanding oftheBiogenicOriginofPolymetallicNodules,Seamount Crusts,andHydrothermalVents ....................................... 77 XiaohongWang,MatthiasWiens,HeinzC.Schro¨der, UteSchloßmacher,andWernerE.G.Mu¨ller PartII Biocalcium 5 MolecularBasisofBacterialCalciumCarbonatePrecipitation .... 113 BrunellaPeritoandGiorgioMastromei 6 PrinciplesofCalcium-BasedBiomineralization ...................... 141 QinglingFeng 7 MolecularAspectsofBiomineralizationoftheEchinoderm Endoskeleton ............................................................ 199 P.U.P.A.GilbertandFredH.Wilt vii viii Contents 8 EchinodermsasBlueprintsforBiocalcification: RegulationofSkeletogenicGenesandMatrices ...................... 225 ValeriaMatranga,RosaBonaventura,CaterinaCosta, KonstantinosKarakostis,AnnalisaPinsino,RobertaRusso, andFrancescaZito PartIII Biosilica–anditsApplication 9 TheUniqueInventionoftheSiliceousSponges: TheirEnzymaticallyMadeBio-SilicaSkeleton ....................... 251 WernerE.G.Mu¨ller,XiaohongWang,AilinChen, ShixueHu,LuGan,HeinzC.Schro¨der,UteSchloßmacher, andMatthiasWiens 10 Biosilica-BasedStrategiesforTreatmentofOsteoporosis andOtherBoneDiseases ............................................... 283 HeinzC.Schro¨der,MatthiasWiens,XiaohongWang, UteSchloßmacher,andWernerE.G.Mu¨ller PartIV Nacre 11 StructureandFunctionofMatrixProteinsandPeptides intheBiomineralFormationinCrustaceans ......................... 315 HiromichiNagasawa 12 MolecularApproachestoUnderstandBiomineralization ofShellNacreousLayer ................................................ 331 Li-pingXie,Fang-jieZhu,Yu-juanZhou,ChaoYang, andRong-qingZhang 13 AcidicShellProteinsoftheMediterranean FanMusselPinnanobilis ............................................... 353 Fre´de´ricMarin,PrabakaranNarayanappa, andSe´bastienMotreuil Index .......................................................................... 397 Contributors P.A.LokaBharathi NationalInstituteofOceanography(CouncilofScientificand IndustrialResearch),DonaPaula,Goa,India JensBaumgartner DepartmentofBiomaterials,MaxPlanckInstituteofColloids andInterfaces,Potsdam,Germany Loes E. Bevers Council for BioIron, CHORI (Children’s Hospital Oakland ResearchInstitute),Oakland,CA,USA Rosa Bonaventura Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina eImmunologiaMolecolare“AlbertoMonroy”,Palermo,Italy Ailin Chen Institute for Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of theJohannesGutenbergUniversityMainz,Mainz,Germany;YunnanKeyLabora- toryforPalaeobiology,YunnanUniversity,Kunming,China Caterina Costa Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Biomedicina eImmunologiaMolecolare“AlbertoMonroy”,Palermo,Italy DamienFaivre DepartmentofBiomaterials,MaxPlanckInstituteofColloidsand Interfaces,Potsdam,Germany Qingling Feng Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tsinghua University,Beijing,China LuGan YunnanInstituteofGeologicalSciences,Kunming,China P.U.P.A. Gilbert Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison,WI,USA ix
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