Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer PDF
Preview Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer
Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer Molecular Biology of Prostate Cancer Editors M. Wirth · J. E. Altwein · B. Schmitz-Dräger · S. Kuptz w DE Walter de Gruyter G Berlin · New York 1998 Editors Prof. Dr. M. Wirth Prof. Dr. B. Schmitz-Dräger Universitätsklinikum Dresden Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf Klinik für Urologie Klinik für Urologie Fetscherstr. 74 Moorenstr. 5 01307 Dresden 40225 Düsseldorf Germany Germany Prof. Dr. J. E. Altwein Dr. S. Kuptz Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder Zeneca GmbH Klinik für Urologie Forschung Onkologie/Endokrinologie Romanstr. 93 Otto-Hahn-Straße 80639 München 68723 Plankstadt Germany Germany Die Deutsche Bibliothek — Cataloging-in-Publication-Data Molecular biology of prostate cancer / ed. M. Wirth ... · Berlin ; New York : de Gruyter, 1998 ISBN 3-11-016159-1 © Copyright 1998 by Walter de Gruyter GmbH Sc Co., D-10785 Berlin. All rights reserved, including those of translation into foreign languages. No part of this book may be reproduced in any form — by photoprint, microfilm or any other means nor transmitted nor translated into a machine language without written permission from the publisher. Medical science is constantly developing. Research and clinical experience expand our knowledge, especially with regard to treatment and medication. For dosages and applications mentioned in this work, the reader may rely on the authors, editors and publisher having taken great pains to ensure that these indications reflect the standard of knowl- edge at the time this work was completed. Nevertheless, all users are requested to check the package leaflet of the medication, in order to determine for themselves whether the recommendations given for the dosages or the likely contraindi- cations differ from those given in this book. This is especially true for medication which is seldom used or has recently been put on the market and for medication whose application has been restricted by the German Ministry of Health. The quotation of registered names, trade names, trade marks etc. in this copy does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement that such names are exempt from laws and regulations protecting trade marks etc. and therefore free for general use. Reproductions, typesetting and printing: Arthur Collignon GmbH, Berlin — Binding: Lüderitz Sc Bauer GmbH, Berlin — Cover design: Rudolf Hübler, Berlin Printed in Germany Preface Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases affecting men in the western world. With an estimated number of 334 500 new cases in 1997 in USA prostate cancer has displaced lung cancer from first place in the table of annual incidence rates in men. The enormous significance which prostate cancer has acquired is reflected in the increasing number of scientific publications. 1800 1600 1400 1200 1000 800 600 400 200 0 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 Fig. 1 Number of publications on prostate cancer from 1988 to 1996. Our knowledge however on the aetiology, the natural progress and the biological potential of this tumor is insufficient. Even now the majority of patients have already reached an advanced stage of the disease when it is diagnosed. In this stage prostate cancer is principally incurable. Molecular biology is one field of research which has developed very rapidly in recent years. The knowledge gained on the function of tumor genes and tumor proteins has contributed considerably to the understanding of molecular and cell biology basis of malignant growths. Based on these principles new approaches to prevention, diagno- sis and treatment of tumors are being developed. This however requires close co- operation between the doctor and the pure researcher. The challenges presented in the clinical urology and basic science of prostate cancer make it necessary to follow new paths. Our idea was to organise a symposium in which scientists and medical doctors introduce the newest biomolecular knowledge in prostate cancer and discuss its significance for clinical use. To structure the abun- dance of information we have divided the symposium into four sections. Session 1 was concerned with the molecular principles of the genesis of prostate cancer, the involvement of oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Session II involved the vi Preface changes of cell-cell contacts, the defects in androgen receptors and their effect on treatment with antiandrogens. Session III explained drug resistance mechanisms and new therapeutic principles such as antiangiogenesis inhibitors, intermittent androgen ablation and gene therapy. Session IV was concerned with the diagnosis of prostate cancer, new procedures such as RT-PCR and possible new markers. All contributions have been included in this book. They provide the reader with the opportunity to consult the wealth of information while creating a basis for new ideas and approaches in the research and treatment of prostate cancer. Only so is it possible to discover new paths for the management of prostate cancer. This symposium has been designed to provide the basis to further stimulate this evolution. M. Wirth, J. E. Altwein, B. Schmitz-Dräger, S. Kuptz Contents Cytogenetic alterations in prostate cancer 1 G. Sauter The regulation of prostatic growth 9 K. Griffiths Current concepts of oncogenes in prostate cancer 23 D. M. Peebl Tumour suppressor genes in prostate cancer 31 S. F. Brewster The use of differential display PCR for the detection of new tumor suppressor genes in prostate cancer 43 Ch. P. Pilarsky Molecular alterations associated with prostate cancer development 53 M. J. G. Bussemakers, ]. A. Schalken Dysfunction of the cell-cell adhesion complex in lethal prostate cancer 65 R. Paul, W. B. Isaacs, G. S. Bova Heparan sulfate proteoglycans and prostate cancer: a conceptual framework 71 D. H. J. Schamhart, K.-H. Kurth Androgen receptor mutations in prostate cancer 81 H. Klocker, Z. Culig, A. Hobisch, A. Hittmair, G. Bartsch, H. Peterziel, A. C. Β. Cato Antiandrogen binding to androgen receptors and the consequences 89 B. J. A. Furr Expression of the MDR1 gene in prostate carcinoma 101 M. /. Siegsmund, Β. Schummer, A. Steidler, M. Greschner, K.-U. Köhrmann, P. Alken Human prostate cancer progression models and therapeutic intervention.... 107 L. W. K. Chung, C. Kao, R. A. Sikes, H. E. Zhau Tumor angiogenesis: the VEGF signalling system is a novel target for prostate cancer therapy 115 D. Marmé viii Contents Antimetastatic approaches to therapy of prostate cancer 125 R. Heicappell Intermittent androgen supression: rationale and clinical experience 133 M. Gleave, N. Bruchovsky, S. L. Goldenberg, P. Rennie Resistance to drug therapy in cancer: gene therapy approaches to overcome anticancer drug resistance 145 Th. Licht PSA RT-PCR: current status and future potential 155 W. /. Ellis, R. L. Vessella, S. W. Melchior, P. H. Lange Special aspects of PSMA and PSA RT-PCR for the detection of disseminated prostate cells 161 B. Schmidt, M. Bendhack, R. Ackermann, Β. ]. Schmitz-Dräger Molecular forms of PSA, PSA density, age-/race-specific reference ranges, and PSA velocity 169 M. C. Beduschi, R. Beduschi, ]. E. Oesterling Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction assays used for molecular stag- ing of prostate cancer patients 181 C. A. Olsson, R. Buttyan Concluding remarks 201 ]. E. Altwein List of first-mentioned contributors Prof. Dr. J. E. Altwein Prof. Dr. B. Furr Krankenhaus der Barmherzigen Brüder Zeneca Pharmaceuticals Abteilung für Urologie Mereside, Alderly Park Romanstr. 93 Macclesfield 80639 München Cheshire, SK 10 4TG Germany U. K. Dr. M. Gleave Dr. M. C. Beduschi The University of British Columbia The University of Michigan Division of Urology, UBC 1500 East Medical Center Drive 910 West 10th Avenue Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109 Vancouver, B. C. V5Z 4E3 USA Canada Dr. M. J. G. Bussemakers Prof. Dr. K. Griffiths University Hospital Nijmegen University of Wales Urology Research Laboratory (814 URL) College of Medicine PO Box 9101 Tenovus Cancer Research Centre 6500 HB Nijmegen Tenovus Building, Heath Park The Netherlands Cardiff CF4 4XX U. K. Prof. Dr. S. F. Brewster Churchill Hospital PD Dr. R. Heicapell Department of Urology Universitätsklinikum Benjamin Franklin Oxford OX3 7LJ Urologische Klinik u. Poliklinik U. K. Hindenburgdamm 30 12200 Berlin Dr. L. W. K. Chung Germany University of Virginia Health Science Center Univ. Doz. Dr. H. Klocker Department of Urology Universitätsklinik für Urologie Medical Center Box 422 Anichstr. 35 Charlottesville, VA 22908 6020 Innsbruck USA Austria Dr. W. J. Ellis PD Dr. Th. Licht University of Washington National Cancer Institute, DBS, NIH School of Medicine Laboratory of Molecular Biology Department of Urology Building 37, Room 1B23 Box 356510 37 Convent Drive, MSC 4255 Seattle, WA 98195-6510 Bethesda, MD 20892-4255 USA USA χ List of first-mentioned contributors Prof. Dr. D. Marmé PD Dr. G. Sauter Universität Freiburg Kantonsspital Basel Universitätskliniken Institut für Molekularmedizin Institut für Pathologie Breisacher Str. 117 D Schönbeinstr. 40 79106 Freiburg 4003 Basel Germany Switzerland Prof. Dr. C. Olsson Squier Urological Clinic Dr. D. H. J. Schamhart The Presbyterian Hospital University of Amsterdam 161 Fort Washington Avenue Department of Urology New York, NY 10032 USA Meibergdreef 9 1105 AZ Amsterdam Prof. Dr. R. Paul The Netherlands Urologische Klinik u. Poliklinik der TU München Klinikum Rechts der Isar Dr. Bettina Schmidt Ismaninger Str. 22 Heinrich-Heine-Universität 81675 München Klinik für Urologie Germany Moorenstr. 5 Prof. Dr. M. Peehl 40225 Düsseldorf Stanford University Germany Department of Urology School of Medicine Stanford, CA 94305-5118 Prof. Dr. M. J. Siegsmund USA Universität Heidelberg Fakultät für Klinische Medizin Dr. Ch. P. Pilarsky MetaGen GmbH Urologische Klinik d. Stadt Mannheim Ihnestr. 63 Theodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1—3 14195 Berlin 68135 Mannheim Germany Germany
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