Molecular Biology of Drug Addiction

358 Pages·2007·5.15 MB·English

Molecular Biology
of Drug Addiction
Edited by
Rafael Maldonado
Humana Press
Molecular Biology of Drug Addiction

Molecular Biology
of Drug Addiction
Edited by
Rafael Maldonado
Laboratory of Neuropharmacology
Health and Life Sciences School
Universitat Pompeu Fabra
Barcelona, Spain
Humana Press Totowa, New Jersey
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experience relating to drug therapy and drug reactions constantly occur, the reader is advised to check the product
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Molecular biology of drug addiction / edited by Rafael Maldonado
p. cm.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1-58829-060-3 (alk. paper)
1. Drug abuse--Molecular aspects. I. Maldonado, Rafael.
RC564 .M638 2003
616.86--dc21
2002024057
Preface
The neurobiological mechanisms involved in drug addiction have been investigated
for several decades with a variety of pharmacological and biochemical approaches.
These studies have associated several neuroanatomical and neurochemical mechanisms
with different components of drug-addictive processes, and this has led to the
identification of possible targets for new treatment strategies. Progress has been
accelerated dramatically in the last few years by novel research tools that selectively
remove or enhance the expression of specific genes encoding proteins responsible for
the biological responses of these drugs. These new models, most of them obtained
from the recent advances in molecular biology’s technology, have provided definitive
advances in our understanding of the neurobiological mechanisms of drug addiction.
Classical behavioral, biochemical, and anatomical techniques have been adapted to
take a maximum advantage of these new molecular tools. These recent studies have
clarified the different molecular and intracellular mechanisms involved in addictive
processes, as well as the interactions among these endogenous neurobiological
mechanisms; and they have provided new insights toward identifying other genetic
bases of drug addiction.
The main purpose of Molecular Biology of Drug Addiction is to offer an extensive
survey of the recent advances in molecular biology and complementary techniques
used in the study of the neurobiological basis of drug dependence and addiction. Ours
is a multidisciplinary review of the most relevant molecular, genetic, and behavioral
approaches used in this field. The definitive advances given by the new molecular and
behavioral tools now available provide a unique opportunity for such an approach.
Each chapter in this book is not simply a review of the research activities of the author’s
laboratory, but rather provides a critical review of the main advances in the
corresponding topic. Sixteen different chapters organized in four parts have been
included in the book. The first part is devoted to the advances in the knowledge of the
neurobiological mechanisms of opioid addiction provided in the last few years using
the new available techniques, and some of the new therapeutic perspectives now
opening up in this field. The second part addresses the most recent findings on the
molecular, genetic, and neurochemical mechanisms involved in psychostimulant
addiction, which have changed some of the basic knowledge of the neurobiological
substrate of these processes. The third part of the book is focused on cannabinoid
addiction. New molecular tools have also been used recently to elucidate the biological
substrate of cannabinoid dependence. The behavioral models now available, which
allow evaluation of the different components of cannabinoid dependence, have
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vi Preface
optimized results in this particular field. The last part addresses several molecular,
genetic, and behavioral aspects of alcohol and nicotine addiction, which have provided
decisive progress in our understanding of these addictive processes.
Molecular Biology of Drug Addiction addresses the main advances in understanding
the molecular mechanisms involved in the complex physiological and behavioral
processes underlying drug addiction and will, we hope, serve as a useful reference
guide for a wide range of neuroscientists. This book also provides basic information of
interest for scientists and clinicians interested in the new therapeutic approaches to
drug addiction. The different sections of the book are presented by the most relevant
scientific personalities for each area. I deeply thank the authors for their effort and
expert contribution in the different chapters, and Elyse O’Grady at Humana Press for
offering this rewarding opportunity. Finally, I thank Raquel Martín especially for help
in manuscript preparation and administrative assistance and Dr. Patricia Robledo and
Dr. Olga Valverde for scientific assistance and help in library research.
Rafael Maldonado
Contents
Preface............................................................................................................................v
Contributors ..................................................................................................................ix
PART I. OPIOID ADDICTION
1 Molecular Mechanisms of Opioid Dependence
by Using Knockout Mice
Brigitte L. Kieffer and Frédéric Simonin............................................................3
2 Molecular Genetic Approaches
Theo Mantamadiotis, Günther Schütz, and Rafael Maldonado .....................27
3 Opiate Addiction: Role of the cAMP Pathway and CREB
Lisa M. Monteggia and Eric J. Nestler.............................................................37
4 Different Intracellular Signaling Systems
Involved in Opioid Tolerance/Dependence
Thomas Koch, Stefan Schulz, and Volker Höllt...............................................45
5 Inhibitors of Enkephalin Catabolism:
New Therapeutic Tool in Opioid Dependence
Florence Noble and Bernard P. Roques ...........................................................61
PART II. PSYCHOSTIMULANT ADDICTION
6 Recent Advances in the Molecular Mechanisms
of Psychostimulant Abuse Using Knockout Mice
Cécile Spielewoy and Bruno Giros ....................................................................79
7 Opioid Modulation of Psychomotor Stimulant Effects
Toni S. Shippenberg and Vladimir I. Chefer..................................................107
8 Influence of Environmental and Hormonal Factors
in Sensitivity to Psychostimulants
Michela Marinelli and Pier Vincenzo Piazza.................................................133
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viii Contents
9 Development and Expression of Behavioral Sensitization:
Temporal Profile of Changes in Gene Expression
Peter W. Kalivas ................................................................................................161
PART III. CANNABINOID ADDICTION
10 New Advances in the Identification and Physiological Roles
of the Components of the Endogenous Cannabinoid System
Ester Fride and Raphael Mechoulam .............................................................173
11 Integration of Molecular and Behavioral Approaches
to Evaluate Cannabinoid Dependence
Dana E. Selley, Aron H. Lichtman, and Billy R. Martin...............................199
12 Opioid System Involvement in Cannabinoid Tolerance
and Dependence
Rafael Maldonado.............................................................................................221
PART IV. ALCOHOL AND NICOTINE ADDICTION
13 Current Strategies for Identifying Genes for Alcohol Sensitivity
John C. Crabbe..................................................................................................249
14 Genetic Basis of Ethanol Reward
Christopher L. Cunningham and Tamara J. Phillips....................................263
15 Behavioral and Molecular Aspects
of Alcohol Craving and Relapse
Rainer Spanagel................................................................................................295
16 Molecular and Behavioral Aspects of Nicotine Dependence and Reward
Emilio Merlo Pich, Christian Heidbreder, Manolo Mugnaini,
and Vincenzo Teneggi ..................................................................................315
Index.................................................................................................................. 339
Contributors
VLADIMIR I. CHEFER • Integrative Neuroscience Section, National Institute on Drug
Abuse Intramural Research Program, Baltimore, MD
JOHN C. CRABBE • Portland Alcohol Research Center, VA Medical Center and
Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University,
Portland, OR
CHRISTOPHER L. CUNNINGHAM • Department of Behavioral Neuroscience
and Portland Alcohol Research Center, Oregon Health & Science University,
Portland, OR
ESTER FRIDE • Department of Behavioral Sciences, College of Judea and Samaria,
Ariel, Israel
BRUNO GIROS • INSERM U513, Faculté de Médecine de Créteil, Créteil, France
CHRISTIAN HEIDBREDER • Biology Department, GlaxoSmithKline Psychiatry CEDD
Research Centre, Verona, Italy
VOLKER HÖLLT • Department of Pharmacology, Otto-von-Guericke University,
Magdeburg, Germany
PETER W. KALIVAS • Department of Physiology, Medical University of South
Carolina, Charleston, SC
BRIGITTE L. KIEFFER • Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire,
CNRS/INSERM/ULP, Illkirch, France
THOMAS KOCH • Department of Pharmacology, Otto-von-Guericke University,
Magdeburg, Germany
ARON H. LICHTMAN • Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia
Commonwealth University Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA
RAFAEL MALDONADO • Laboratory of Neuropharmacology, Health and Life Sciences
School, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
THEO MANTAMADIOTIS • Differentiation and Transcription Laboratory, Peter
MacCallum Cancer Institute, Vic, Australia
MICHELA MARINELLI • INSERM U259, Université de Bordeaux II, Bordeaux, France
BILLY R. MARTIN • Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia
Commonwealth University, Medical College of Virginia, Richmond, VA
RAPHAEL MECHOULAM • Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products,
Medical Faculty, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
LISA M. MONTEGGIA • Department of Psychiatry, UT Southwestern Medical Center,
Dallas, TX
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