Molecular Biology for Oncologists PDF
Preview Molecular Biology for Oncologists
Molecular Biology for Oncologists JOIN US ON THE INTERNET VIA WWW, GOPHER, FTP OR EMAIL: WWW: http://www.thomson.com GOPHER: gopher.thomson.com A service of IQJP FTP: ftp.thomson.com EMAIL: [email protected] Molecular Biology for Oncologists SECOND EDITION Edited by J. R. Yarnold Royal Marsden NHS Trust, UK M. R. Stratton Institute of Cancer Research, UK and T. J. McMillan Lancaster University, UK SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. First edition 1993 Second edition 1996 © 1996 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hall in 1996 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 2nd edition 1996 'JYpeset in Times Roman I0/12pt by Columns Design Ltd, Reading ISBN 978-0-412-71270-8 ISBN 978-1-4899-3111-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4899-3111-5 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be repro duced, stored, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction only in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organisation outside the UK. Enquiries con cerning reproduction outside the terms stated here should be sent to the publishers at the London address printed on this page. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 96-84903 @) Printed on permanent acid-free text paper, manufactured in accordance with ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1992 and ANSI/NISO Z39.48-1984 (Permanence of Paper). Contents Colour plates appear between pages 114 and 115 List of contributors IX Foreword Herman D. Suit XII Preface xiv Part One CANCER GENETICS What are cancer genes and how do they upset cell behaviour? 3 John R. Yarnold 2 Mechanisms of activation and inactivation of dominant oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes 16 Michael R. Stratton 3 Hereditary predisposition and gene discovery 27 Rosalind A. Eeles 4 Chromosomal translocations in cancer 38 Martin J. S. Dyer 5 Signal transduction and cancer 45 Liza Ho and Michael J. Fry 6 G proteins, Ras and cancer 63 Julian Downward 7 Cell cycle control and cancer 75 AntonyM. Carr Vl I I CONTENTS 8 Human papillomaviruses and cancer of the cervix 83 Emma S. Hickman, Rachel C. Davies and Karen H. Vousden 9 The p53 gene in human cancer 92 Michael R. Stratton 10 Cell adhesion, motility and cancer 103 IanR. Hart 11 Differentiation and cancer 112 Malcolm D. Mason 12 Multistage carcinogenesis 122 Andrew H. Wyllie 13 Genomic instability and cancer 134 Stanley Venitt Part Two STRATEGIES FOR CANCER PREVENTION AND CURE 14 Inherited predispositions to cancer: opportunities for genetic counselling 155 Victoria Murday 15 Molecular basis of radiation sensitivity 166 Anthony T. Gordon and Trevor f. McMillan 16 How do cells repair DNA damage caused by ionizing radiation? 176 Simon N. Powell, Lisa A. Kachnic and P. Rani Anne 17 Chemotherapeutic drug-induced DNA damage and repair 185 Robert Brown 18 Molecular basis of drug resistance 198 Sally L. Davies and Ian D. Hickson 19 Drug discovery and cancer genetics 208 Mark R. Crompton CONTENTS I I VII 20 The molecular biology of endocrine responsiveness in breast cancer 217 Elizabeth Anderson and Anthony Howell 21 Apoptosis as a therapeutic target 230 John A. Hickman 22 Tumour angiogenesis as a therapeutic target 240 Rhys T. Jag gar and Adrian L. Harris 23 Antibody technology has been transformed 250 Robert E. Hawkins and Kerry A. Chester 24 Current and future aspects of gene therapy for cancer 261 Jonathan D. Harris and Karol Sikora 25 Directed enzyme prodrug therapies: ADEPT and GDEPT 269 Caroline J. Springer 26 Oligonucleotide therapies 275 Val Macaulay Part Three GENE STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 27 Introduction to gene structure and expression 295 Richard Wooster 28 Chromatin structure and nuclear function 303 Dean A. Jackson 29 The PCR revolution 316 Rosalind A. Eeles, William Warren and Alasdair Stamps 30 Techniques of molecular biology 322 Philippe J. Rocques Glossary Collated by Philip Mitchell, Philippe Roques and John Yarnold 332 Index 343 Contributors Elizabeth Anderson, Tumour Biochemistry Laboratory, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK P. Rani Anne, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Havard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA Robert Brown, CRC Department of Medical Oncology, CRC Beaston Laboratories, Garscube Estate, Glasgow, UK AntonyM. Carr, MCR Cell Mutation Unit, Sussex University, Falmer, Brighton BNl 9RR, UK Kerry A. Chester, Department of Clinical Oncology, Royal Free Hospital School of Medicine, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, UK Mark Crompton, Section of Cell Biology and Experimental Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK Rachel C. Davies, MRC Human Genetics unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK Sally L. Davies, Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK Julian Downward, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PX, UK Martin J. S. Dyer, Senior Lecturer/Honorary Consultant Physician, Academic Haematology and Cytogenetics, Haddow Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research/Royal Marsden Hospital, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK Rosalind A. Eeles, Clinical Senior Lecturer and Honorary Consultant, Institute of Cancer Research and Royal Marsden NHS Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK Michael J. Fry, Section of Cell Biology and Experimental Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK Anthony T. Gordon, Radiotherapy Research Unit, Institute of Cancer Research, Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK Adrian L. Harris, Molecular Angiogenesis Group, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK Jonathan D. Harris, Gene Therapy and Neurogenetics Laboratory, Department of Surgery and Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, TMP 522, 330 Cedar Street, PO Box 208039, New Haven, CT 06520-8039, USA Ian R. Hart, Richard Dimbleby Department of Cancer Research, ICRF Laboratory, St Thomas' Hospital, Lambeth Palace Road, London SEl 7EH Ll _____________________ L__x_ _~ l c_o_N_T_R_IB_U_T_O_R__s ___________________~ Robert E. Hawkins, Centre for Protein Engineering and Department of Oncology, MRC Centre and Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 2HQ, UK Emma S. Hickman, ABL Basic Research Program, NCI-FCRDC, West 7th Street, Frederick, MD 2170, USA John A. Hickman, CRC Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, Ml3 9PT, UK Ian D. Hickson, Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK Liza Ho, Section of Cell Biology and Experimental Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, Haddow Laboratories, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK Anthony Howell, CRC Department of Medical Oncology, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK Dean A. Jackson, Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX! 3RE, UK Rhys T. Jaggar, Molecular Angiogenesis Group, Imperial Cancer Research Fund, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK Lisa A. Kachnic, Department of Radiation Oncology, Havard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Val Macaulay, MRC Clinical Scientist, Imperial Cancer Research Fund Laboratories, Institute of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK Trevor J. McMillan, Division of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA! 4YQ, UK Malcolm D. Mason, Department of Clinical Oncolgy, Velindre Hospital, Whitchurch, Cardiff CF4 7XL, UK Philip Mitchell, Section of Cell Biology and Experimental Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK Victoria Murday, Department of Clinical Genetics, StGeorge's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 ORE, UK Simon N. Powell, Department of Radiation Oncology, Cox 302, 100 Blossom Street, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA Philippe J. Rocques, Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Belmont, Sutton, Surrey SM2 SNG, UK Karol Sikora, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London Wl2 ONN, UK Caroline J. Springer, CRC Centre for Cancer Therapeutics, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK Alasdair Stamps, Section of Pathology, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK Michael R. Stratton, Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK Stanley Venitt, Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK Karen H. Vousden, ABL Basic Research Program, NCI-FCRDC, West 7th Street, Frederick, MD 2170, USA William Warren, Section of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Institute of Cancer Research, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK Richard Wooster, The Sanger Centre, Hinxton Hall, Hinxton, Cambridge CBIO IRQ, UK
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