Molecular Biology and Evolution of Blood Group and MHC Antigens in Primates PDF
Preview Molecular Biology and Evolution of Blood Group and MHC Antigens in Primates
A. Blancher • J. Klein • W. W. Socha (Eds.) Molecular Biology and Evolution of Blood Group and MHC Antigens in Primates Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH A. Blancher • J. Klein • W. W. Socha (Eds.) Molecular Biology and Evolution of Blood Group and MHC Antigens in Primates With 103 Figures and 72 Tables Springer ANTOINE BLANCHER, MD, PhD Laboratoire d'lmmunog^n&ique moleculaire University Paul Sabatier, CHU de Toulouse H6pital Purpan Place du Docteur Baylac 31059 Toulouse cedex * France JAN KLEIN, PHD Max-Planck-Institut für Biologie Abteilung Immungenetik Correnstr. 42 72076 Tübingen • Germany WLADYSLAW SOCHA, MD Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Surgery in Primates (LEMSIP) New York University Medical Center 10 Townsend Avenue Upper Grandview, NY 10960-4830 • USA ISBN 978-3-642-63843-5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Molecular biology and evolution of blood group and MHC antigens in primates / A. Blancher, J. Klein, S.W. Socha (eds.). op, cm. Includes bibliographical references and Index. ISBN 978-3-642-63843-5 ISBN 978-3-642-59086-3 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-59086-3 1. Blood group antigens. 2. Blood group antigens-Evolution. 3. Major histocompatibility complex. 4. Major histocompatibility complex-Evolution. 5. Primates-Evolution. I. Blancher, A. (Antoine), 1954- . II. Klein, Jan, 1936- . III. Socha, Wladyslaw W., 1926- . QP98.M653>h2>i997 57i.9*645-dc2i This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broad casting, reproduction on microfilm or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Vipöatopms are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1997 Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York in 1997 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1997 The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this bublication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product liability: the publishers cannot guarantee the accuracy of any information about the applica tion of operative techniques and medications contained in this book. In every individual case the use must check such information by consulting the relevant literature. Typesetting: Hermann Hagedorn GmbH, D-68519 Viernheim Cover design: design & production, D-69121 Heidelberg Production: PRO EDIT GmbH, D-69126 Heidelberg SPIN: 10482806 27/3136 -543210- Printed on acid-free paper Preface Zoologists have categorized primates into a single order, and no one doubts today that they share a common ancestry. Humans and Old and New World non human primate species, from the lemurs of Madagascar to the African anthro poid apes, represent diverging branches of an evolutionary common trunk. Along with species-specific characters, all primates have retained a number of ancestral traits, relics of their common origin. The comparative study of these species-specific and ancestral traits makes it possible to reconstruct the evolu tionary pathways of humans and nonhuman primates. The discovery of the human blood groups and, later, of the Major Histocom patibility Complex (MHC) had a seminal effect on the field of human genetics, providing the first sound examples of mendel ian polymorphisms. The use of blood group and MHC alleles as genetic markers in biological anthropology gen erated a conceptual revolution and persuaded researchers to begin to think in terms of populations and not only intems of typology. The counterparts of these human red and white cell antigens were found and studied in nunhuman primates, and progress in this field is summarized in this book. Investigations of red cell antigens in apes and monkeys were initiated by Karl Landsteiner and Alexander S. Wiener, the co-discoverers of the Rhesus factor in human blood, and were continued by their collaborators and resulted in hundreds of publications. Blood groups of Primates. Theory, Practice, Evolutionary meaning published in 1983 by Wladyslaw W. Socha and Jacques Ruffie was the first book to summarize the status of knowledge of blood group serology of non human primates and to discuss the relationships between human and nonhuman primate red cell antigens. The discovery of the human Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) by Jean Dausset was followed by an explosive progress in the comprehension of the structure and physiology of the MHC antigens. Most importantly, the role of MHC class I and II molecules in the presentation of pep tides to the T lymphocyte receptors was recognized. The study of MHC was extended to subhuman primate species and results were compiled in Evolution of Major Histocompatibility Complex (Jan Klein and Dagmar Klein, Eds. Springer, 1991). Natural selection in response to the pressure generated by the numerous environmental pathogens to which human and nonhuman primates have been exposed has affected, over time, the frequencies of alleles and haplotypes of the various MHC loci. Thus, the immunological profiles we observe today in VI Preface humans and other primates must be the result of these darwinian selection pro cesses. Is it therefore possible to reconstruct all the infectious episodes experi enced by a species? Nothing is less certain. Some aggressors may have become extinct due to their rapid destruction by the immune defenses of their hosts. In other cases, the host disappeared and the fight ceased for lack of fighters. Only those pathogens that allowed the host to survive long enough to infect other individuals and that were sufficiently resistant to the host's immune system could be maintained in an endemic state. Moreover, not a single species is free of infections; rather, each carries its particular load of parasites, bacteria, viruses and symbionts. These potentially pathogenic companions may become rigorously adapted to their host, occur ubiquitously or locally, or be common to many species. Furthermore, all these pathogens will continue to evolve with their host species, which may eventually become a unique reservoir for this infectious agent. In this book, A. Blancher, J. Klein, and W. W. Socha have summarized the results of their many years of research, and, as editors, invited the contributions of a number of eminent colleagues and collaborators. The volume contains a vast list of references and represents a summary of modern molecular immunoge netics of primates, including humans. For many years Blood Groups, by Robert Race and Ruth Sanger, was the reference textbook for immunohematologists. The book by Blancher, Klein and Socha, which centers on the immunogenetics of blood groups and the MHC of nonhuman primates but also provides abundant information on human immunohematology, will also undoubtedly find a wide circle of readers. April 1997 Jacques Ruffie Luca Cavalli-Sforza Contents Part I Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Primates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 1 Taxonomy and Phylogeny of Primates C. P. Groves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 Part II Red Blood Cell Antigens .............................. 25 Introduction w. W. Socha and A. Blancher 27 2 The ABO, Hh and Lewis Blood Group in Humans and Nonhuman Primates A. Blancher and W. W. Socha .............................. 30 3 The MNSs Blood Group System Serology and Formal Genetics W. W. Socha and A. Blancher .............................. 93 Molecular Biology of Glycophorins in Humans and Nonhuman Primates o. o. Blumenfeld, C.-H. Huang, S. S. Xie, and A. Blancher . . . . . . . . .. 113 4 The Rhesus System A. Blancher and W. W. Socha 147 5 The Duffy Blood Group System and Its Extensions in Nonhuman Primates o. Pogo and A. Chaudhuri . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 6 The O(-Galactosyl Epitope (Galo(l-3Gal/J1-4GlcNAc-R) and the Natural Anti-Gal Antibody U. Galili ............................................. 236 7 Simian-Type Blood Groups of Nonhuman Primates W. W. Socha .......................................... 254 8 Blood Group Antigens as Receptors for Pathogens A. Frattali Eder and S. 1. Spitalnik .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 268 VIII Contents 9 Evolution of Blood Group Antigen Polymorphism J. Klein, C. O'hUigin, and A. Blancher ........................ 305 Part III Major Histocompatibility Complex . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 Geography and History of the Genes in the Human MHC: Can We Predict MHC Organization in Nonhuman Primates? R. Tazi Hanini, J. Henry, and P. Pontarotti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 325 2 Class I Genes in Nonhuman Primates 1. F. Cadavid and D. 1. Watkins ............................ 340 3 Mhc Class II Genes of Nonhuman Primates The DR Loci R. E. Bontrop ......................................... 358 Evolution of Length Variation in the Primate Mhc-DR Subregion J. Klein, Y. Satta, and R. Gongora ........................... 372 The DQ Loci U. Gyllensten, T. Bergstrom, and H. A. Erlich .................. 386 Nonhuman Primate Mhc-DP Genes B. Grahovac .......................................... 402 The DM and DNIDO Loci C. O'hUigin and F. Figueroa 414 4 The Primate Class III Major Histocompatibility Complex Region Encoding Complement Components and Other Genes F. Figueroa ........................................... 433 5 Mhc Genes, Immune Response, and Vaccines R. E. Bontrop ......................................... 449 6 MHC and Disease Associations in Nonhuman Primates S. Gaudieri, J. K. Kulski, and R. 1. Dawkins ................... 464 7 Nonhuman Primate MHC Class I Sequences, 1997 C. Shufflebotham and D. 1. Watkins ......................... 491 8 Nonhuman Primate MHC Class II Sequences: A Compilation C. O'hUigin ........................................... 507 9 Nomenclature for the Major Histocompatibility Complexes and Alleles of Different Nonhuman Primate Species R. E. Bontrop and J. Klein .,. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 552 List of Contributors Bergstrom, T. Department of Medical Genetics Uppsala University Biomedical Center Box 589 75123 Uppsala Sweden Blancher, A. Laboratoire d'Immunogenetique moleculaire Universite Paul Sabatier, CHU de Toulouse Hopital Purpan Place du Docteur Baylac 31059 Toulouse France Blumenfeld, O. Department of Biochemistry Albert Einstein College of Medicine 1300 Morris Park Avenue Bronx, NY 10461 USA Bontrop, R. TNO Medical Biological Laboratory TNO Healt Research PO Box 5815 2280 HV Rijswijk The Nederlands X List of Contributors Cadavid, 1. F. Wisconsin Regional Primate Research Center University of Wisconsin-Madison 1220 Capitol Court Madison, WI 53715 USA Chaudhuri, A. Laboratory of Cell Biology Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute The New Work Blood Center 310 E. 6/h St. New York, NY 10021 USA Dawkins, R. 1. Center for Molecular Immunology and Instrumentation GPO Box X2213 Perth, WA 6001 Australia Fratalli Eder, A. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of Pennsylvania 3400 Spruce Street Philadelphia, PA 19104-4283 USA Erlich, H. A. Roche Molecular Systems, Inc. 1145 Atlantic Avenue, Suite 100 Alameda, CA 94501 USA Figueroa, F. Max-Planck-Institut fiir Biologie Abteilung Immungenetik Correnstr. 42 72076 Tiibingen Germany
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