MOLECULAR BASIS OF SPECIFICITY IN NUCLEIC ACID-DRUG INTERACTIONS THE JERUSALEM SYMPOSIA ON QUANTUM CHEMISTRY AND BIOCHEMISTRY Published by the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, distributed by Academic Press (N.Y.) 1. The Physicochemical Aspects of Carcinogenesis (October 1968) 2. Quantum Aspects ofH eterocyclic Compounds in Chemistry and Biochemistry (April 1969) 3. Aromaticity, Pseudo-Aromaticity, Antiaromaticity (April 1970) 4. The Purines: Theory and Experiment (April 1971) 5. The Conformation of Biological Molecules and Polymers (April 1972) Published by the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities, distributed by D. Reidel Publishing Company (Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster, and Tokyo) 6. Chemical and Biochemical Reactivity (April 1973) Published and distributed by D. Reidel Publishing Company (Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster, and Tokyo) 7. Molecular and Quantum Pharmacology (March/April 1974) 8. Environmental Effects on Molecular Structure and Properties (April 1975) 9. Metal-Ligand Interactions in Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry (April 1976) 10. Excited States in Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry (March 1977) 11. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Molecular Biology (April 1978) 12. Catalysis in Chemistry and Biochemistry Theory and Experiment (April 1979) 13. Carcinogenesis: Fundamental Mechanisms and Environmental Effects (April/May 1980) 14. Intermolecular Forces (ApriI1981) IS. Intermolecular Dynamics (Maart/ApriII982) 16. Nucleic Acids: The Vectors of Life (May 1983) 17. Dynamics on Surfaces (April/May 1984) 18. Interrelationship Among Aging, Cancer and Differentiation (April/May 1985) 19. Tunneling (May 1986) 20. Large Finite Systems (May 1987) Published and distributed by Kluwer Academic Publishers (Dordrecht, Boston, London) 21. Transport through Membranes: Carriers, Channels and Pumps (May 1988) 22. Perspectives in Photosynthesis (May 1989) VOLUME 23 MOLECULAR BASIS OF SPECIFICITY IN NUCLEIC ACID-DRUG INTERACTIONS PROCEEDINGS OF THE TwENTY-THIRD JERUSALEM SYMPOSIUM ON QUANTUM CHEMISTRY ANO BIOCHEMISTRY HELD IN JERUSALEM, ISRAEL, MAY 14-17, 1990 Edited by BERNARD PULLMAN Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique (Fondation Edmond de Rothschild), Paris, France and JOSHUA JORTNER Department ofChemistry, University of Tel-Aviv, Israel "~. SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V. ISBN 978-94-010-5657-1 ISBN 978-94-011-3728-7 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-3728-7 Printed on acid1ree paper AlI Rights Reserved © 1990 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1990 Softcover reprint ofthe hardcover 15 t edition No part of the material protected by this copyright notice may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without written permission from the copyright owner. PREFACE One of the central problems in the study of the mechanism of DNA-ligand interactions is the existence and nature of sequence specificity with respect to the base pairs of DNA. The presence of such a specificity could be of particular significance because it might possibly mean the involvement of specific genes in the effectiveness of the different drugs. The elucidation of the factors responsible for the specificity could then be important for the development of compounds susceptible to contribute to the control of gene expression and also to the development of rationally conceived, improved new generations of effective and specific chemotherapeutic agents. Important recent achievements, experimental and theoretical, in the analysis of such sequence specificities open prospects for possible rapid progress in this field. The 23rd Jerusalem symposium was devoted to the exploration of these recent achievements in relation to many types of ligand, with special emphasis on antitumor drugs. All major types of interaction, intercalation, groove binding, covalent linking, coordination, have been considered. So was also the effect of the interaction on the structure and properties of the nucleic acids and the relationship between the interaction and biological or pharmacological activities. We feel that this Volume presents a relatively complete up-to-date account of the state of the art in this important field of research. As the twenty two preceding ones this Symposium was held under the auspices of the Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. It was sponsored by the Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Fondation Edmond de Rothschild of Paris. We wish to express once again our gratitude to the Baron Edmond de Rothschild for his constant and generous support which makes this continuous endeavour possible. We wish also to present our grateful appreciation to the Administrative staff of the Israel Academy, and in particular to Mrs Avaigail Hyam, for the efficiency and excellency of the local arrangements. Bernard PULLMAN Joshua JORTNER. v TABLE OF CONTENTS PREFACE V A.H.J. WANG, Y.-C. LIAW, H. ROBINSON and Y.-G. GAO / Mutual Conformational Adaptation of Both Ligand and Receptor in Antitumor Drug-DNA Complexes B. NORDEN, S. ERIKSSON, S.K. KIM, M. KUBISTA, R. LYNG and B. AKERMAN / DNA Drug Interactions studied with Polarized Light Spectroscopy : the DAPI Case 23 S. NEIDLE, D.G. BROWN, T.C. JENKINS, C.A. LAUGHTON, M.R. SANDERSON and J.V. SKELLY / Drug-DNA Recognition : Sequence Specificity of the DNA Minor Groove Binder Berenil 43 R. H. SHAFER, M. YOSHIDA, D. L. BANVILLE and S. HU / Binding of Minor Groove Ligands to Short DNA Segments: Berenil Complexed with d(GCAATTGC)2 and d(GCTTAAGC)2 59 V. MURRAY / The Sequence Specificity of Damage Caused by [125I ]-Labelled Hoechst 33258 and UV/ IodoHoechst 33258 in Intact Cells and in Cloned Sequences of Purified DNA which differ by a Small Number of Base Substitutions 67 R.H. SARMA, M.H. SARMA, K. UMEMOTO, G. GUPTA and A.E. GARCIA / Structure and Dynamics of a [ 1 : 1] Drug-DNA Complex Analysis of 2D NMR Data Using Molecular Mechanics and Molecular Dynamics Calculations 75 D.E. WEMMER, P. FAGAN and J.G. PELTON / Determination of Distamycin-A Binding Modes by NMR 95 J.W. LOWN / Molecular Mechanisms of DNA Sequence Recogni tion by Groove Binding Ligands Biochemical and Biological Consequences 103 viii TABLE OF CONTENTS J. B. CHAIRES I Daunomycin Binding to DNA : from the Macroscopic to the Microscopic 123 D.R. PHILLIPS, C. CULLINANE, H. TRIST and R.J. WHITE / In vitro Transcription Analysis of the Sequence Specificity of Reversible and Irreversible Complexes of Adriamycin with DNA 137 R. REHFUSS, J. GOODISMAN and J.C. DABROWIAK / Quantitative Footprinting Analysis of the Actiomycin D-DNA Interaction 157 G. CAPRANICO and F. ZUNINO I Structural Requirements for DNA Topoisomerase II Inhibition by Anthracyclines 167 D.E. GRAVES and R.M. WADKINS / Thermodynamic Studies of Amsacrine Antitumor Agents with Nucleic Acids 117 L.P.G. WAKELIN and W. A. DENNY I Kinetic and Equilibrium Binding studies of a Series of Intercalating Agents that Bind by Threading a Sidechain Through the DNA Helix 191 M. PALUMBO and B. GATTO I Aminoacyl-Anthraquinones DNA-Binding and Sequence Specificity 207 M.J. WARING / The Molecular Basis of Specific Recognition Between Echinomycin and DNA 225 C. AUCLAIR, F. SUBRA, D. MRANI , G. GOSSELIN, J . L. IMBACH and C. PAOLETTI I Bis Pyrrolecarboxamides Linked to Intercalating Chromophore Oxazolopyridocarbazole (OPC) Properties Related to the Selective Binding to DNA at Rich Sequences 247 J.H. Van de SANDE, B. W. KALISCH and M. W. GERMANN I Parallel-Stranded Nucleic Acids and their Interaction with Intercalating and Groove Binding Drugs 261 T. MONTENAY-GARESTIER, J.S. SUN, J. CHOMILIER, J.L. MERGNY, M. TAKASUGI, U. ASSELINE, N.T. THUONG, M. ROUGEE and C. HELENE I Design of Bifunctional Nucleic Acid Ligands 275 C. HELENE, J.C. FRANCOIS, C. GIOVANNANGELI, T. SAISON BEHMOARAS, U. ASSELINE and N.T. THUONG I TABLE OF CONTENTS ix Sequence-Specific Recognition and CLeavage of Duplex DNA by Derivatized Oligonucleotides 291 J.D. HOESCHELE, A.J. KRAKER, Y. QU.B. Van HOUTEN and N. FARRELL / Bis(Platinum) Complexes. Chemistry, Antitumor Activity and DNA-Binding 301 N. ZEIN, W-D. DING, G.A. ELLESTAD / Interaction of Calicheamicin with DNA 323 W. D. WILSON, F.A. TANIOUS, H. BUCZAK, M.K. VENKATRAMANAN, B.P. DAS and D.W. BOYKIN / The Effects of Ligand Structure on Binding Mode and Specificity in the Interaction of Un fused Aromatic Cations with DNA 331 B.C. BAGULEY, K.M. HOLDAWAY and G.J. FINLAY / Modulation of Protein-DNA Interactions by Intercalating and Nonintercalating Agents 355 F. ARCAMONE / Antitumor Antibiotics Endowed with DNA Sequence Specificity 369 R.J. FIEL, B.G. JENKINS and J.L. ALDERFER / cationic Porphyrin-DNA Complexes Specificity of Binding Modes 385 B. PULLMAN / Complementary Studies on Sequence Specificity in DNA-Antitumor Drugs Interactions 401 P.E. NIELSEN, B.M.G. CONS, K.R. FOX and V.B. SOMMER / Uranyl Photofootprinting. DNA Structural Changes upon Binding of Mithramycin 423 N.E. GEACINTOV, M. COSMAN, V. IBANEZ, S.S. BIRKE and C.E. SWENBERG / Characteristics of Noncovalent and Covalent Interactions of (+) and (-) Anti Benzo[a]pyrene Diol Epoxide stereoisomers of Different Biological Activities with DNA 433 M.P. STONE, S. GOPALAKRISHNAN, K.D. RANEY, V.M. RANEY, S. BYRD and T.M. HARRIS / Aflatoxin-DNA Binding and the Characterization of Aflatoxin B1-Oligodeoxynucleotide Adducts by IH NMR Spectroscopy 451 J. W. KOZARICH / Sequence Specific Isotope Effects on the Cleavage of DNA by Radical-Generating Drugs 481 x TABLE OF CONTENTS L.L. SHEN, M.G. BURES, D.T.W. CHU and J.J. PLATTNER / Quinolone-DNA Interaction : How a Small Drug Molecule Acquires High DNA Binding Affinity and Specificity 495 J . A. HARTLEY / Mechanisms of DNA Sequence Selective Modifications by Alkylating Agents 513 M. A. WARPEHOSKI, P. McGOVREN, M. A. MITCHELL and L. H . HURLEY / Contrasting Mechanisms for the Sequence Recognition of DNA by(+)- and (-)-CC- 1065 531 M. TOMASZ, H. BOROWY-BOROWSKI B.F., McGUINNESS/ Course of Recognition and Covalent Reactions Between Mitomycin C and DNA : Sequence Selectivity of a Cross-Linking Drug 551 R.H. DURLAND, D.J. KESSLER, M. DUVIC and M. HOGAN / Triplex Forming Oligonucleotide Reagents Rationalization of DNA site Selectivity and Application in a Pharmaceutical context 565 w. LEUPIN / Experimental Proofs of a Drug's DNA Specificity 579 Mutual Conformational Adaptation of Both Ligand and Receptor in Antitumor Drug-DNA Complexes. Andrew H.-J. Wang*, Yen-Chywan Liaw, Howard Robinson and Yi-Gui Gao Department of Physiology and Biophysics University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL 61801 ABSTRACT. Many antitumor/anticancer drugs bind and interact with DNA double helix to exert their biological activities. The consequence of the binding process is that both the drug and the DNA molecule change their conformations to accommodate each other to optimize the binding interactions. Two series of drug-DNA complexes associated with intercalator and minor-groove binder, with their structures derived from the high resolution x-ray diffraction analysis, are used to illustrate this concept of mutual conformational adaptation between ligand and receptor. Anthracylcine drugs, including daunomycin, adriamycin and nogalamycin, intercalate between CpG base pairs using the aglycone chromophore with its elongated direction almost perpendicular to the Cl'-Cl' vector of the neighboring base pairs. Around the anthracycline intercalator, DNA stretches the two complementary backbones in a different manner to move the base pairs 6.8 A apart. On the one side, the dC changes the e/' combinatory torsion angles to -[-1000/1800], while keeping the glycosyl X angle near high anti range [-900]. On the other side, all torsion angles are maintained close to those of B-DNA with the exception of the glycosyl X angle changing to normal anti range [ca. -1500]. All sugar puckers are in the C2'-endo family. Daunomycin and adriamycin adjust the glycosyl ether linkage (between ring A and amino sugar) torsion angle such that the amino sugar fits better in the minor groove. In contrast, nogalamycin has a gentle bend in the long direction of the aglycone chromophore, bringing the aminoglucose and nogalose closer to each other. In the minor groove binding drug-DNA dodecamer complexes, there is a wide range of backbone torsion angles in the DNA molecules despite the uniform narrow minor groove width associated with the central AT sequences. Drug molecules (netropsin, distamycin and Hoechst 33258) exhibit sufficient flexibility and adjust their conformations to follow the contour surface of the right-handed B-DNA minor groove. INTRODUCTION DNA plays central roles in the biological activities of all living cells. The intricate and precise regulation of the expression of various genes encoded in the DNA nucleotide sequences by many regulatory proteins and enzymes have become an extremely critical issue to be unraveled in modern biology. Gene regulation is presumably determined by the DNA itself and its interactions with proteins. Therefore it is not surprising that many small molecular ligands * To whom correspondence should be addressed. B. Pullman and f. fortner (eds.). Molecular Basis ofS pecificity in Nucleic Acid-Drug Interactions. 1-21. © 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
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