Molecular Advancements in Tropical Diseases Drug Discovery PDF
Preview Molecular Advancements in Tropical Diseases Drug Discovery
Molecular Advancements in Tropical Diseases Drug Discovery Edited by Gauri Misra, PhD Scientist Grade-II National Institute of Biologicals Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India Vijay Kumar Srivastava, PhD Assistant Professor Amity Institute of Biotechnology Amity University Rajasthan Jaipur, India AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier 125LondonWall,LondonEC2Y5AS,UnitedKingdom 525BStreet,Suite1650,SanDiego,CA92101,UnitedStates 50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom Copyright©2020ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved. 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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary ISBN:978-0-12-821202-8 ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublicationsvisitourwebsiteat https://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals Publisher:StacyMasucci AcquisitionsEditor:RafaelE.Teixeira EditorialProjectManager:MonaZahir ProductionProjectManager:KiruthikaGovindaraju CoverDesigner:MarkRogers TypesetbyTNQTechnologies Dedicated to The lotus feet of Shri Radha Krishna and Goverdhannathji Contributors Anupam Jyoti, PhD Amity Instituteof Biotechnology,Amity University Rajasthan,Jaipur,India Sanket Kaushik, PhD Amity Instituteof Biotechnology,Amity University Rajasthan,Jaipur,India Gaayathri Kumarasamy,MSc Institute for Research inMolecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia,Gelugor,Penang,Malaysia Dusit Laohasinnarong, DVM, GradDip(IT), PhD,DTV,DTBVM, BM AssistantProfessor,DepartmentofClinicalSciencesandPublicHealth,Faculty ofVeterinary Science,MahidolUniversity,Salaya, Nakhon Pathom,Thailand Yee Ling Ng Institute for Research inMolecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia,Gelugor,Penang,Malaysia Rahmah Noordin, PhD Institute for Research inMolecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia,Gelugor,Penang,Malaysia Nurulhasanah Othman,PhD Institute for Research inMolecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia,Gelugor,Penang,Malaysia Nilakshi Samaranayake, MBBS,PG Dip(MedMicro),PhD Department ofParasitology,Facultyof Medicine,University of Colombo, Colombo,Sri Lanka VivornpunSanprasert,PhD AssistantProfessor,Department ofParasitology,Faculty ofMedicine, Chulalongkorn University,Pathumwan,Bangkok, Thailand; LymphaticFilariasis andTropicalMedicineResearchUnit,ChulalongkornMedicalResearchCenter, FacultyofMedicine, Chulalongkorn University, Pathumwan,Bangkok, Thailand VijayKumar Srivastava, PhD Amity Instituteof Biotechnology,Amity University Rajasthan,Jaipur,India Sivapong Sungpradit, PhD AssistantProfessor,Department ofPre-clinic andAppliedAnimalScience, FacultyofVeterinary Science,MahidolUniversity,Phutthamonthon, Nakhon Pathom,Thailand;TheMonitoringandSurveillanceCenterforZoonoticDiseases inWildlifeandExoticAnimals,FacultyofVeterinaryScience,MahidolUniversity, Phutthamonthon,Nakhon Pathom,Thailand Nikunj Tandel,PhD thesis Institute ofScience,Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat,India xi xii Contributors Rajeev K. Tyagi,PhD RamalingaswamiFellow and Faculty,Divisionof Cell Biology and Immunology, BiomedicalParasitologyandNano-immunologyLab,CSIR-InstituteofMicrobial Technology (IMTECH), Chandigarh, India Jorim Anak Ujang Institutefor Researchin MolecularMedicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor,Penang,Malaysia Foreword IamextremelydelightedtowritethisForewordfor the book entitled “Molecular Advancements in Tropical Diseases Drug Discovery” being compiled and edited by Dr. Gauri Misra and Dr. Vijay Srivastava. Asisclearfromthetitle,thisbookaimsathar- nessingtheadvancesmadeinmolecularbiologyof important pathogens causing amoebiasis, leish- maniasis, tuberculosis, lymphatic filariasis, ma- laria, and sleeping sickness for development of better diagnostics, newer drugs, and vaccines to better treat, control, and eliminate these diseases. Contributingauthorsareverydistinguishedexperi- enced colleagues fromIndia,Sri Lanka,Thailand, Malaysia, and the United States with original contributions to their credit. This is reflected by their insight inidentification ofneeds,knowledge, andapplication. Thisbookhasquiteinformativechaptersonamoebiaisis,leishmaniasis,tubercu- losis,lymphaticfilariasis,malaria,andsleepingsickness.Thesediseaseshavebeen importantcausesofmorbidityandmortalitymainlyinthepopulationsofdeveloped world.Fiveofthesesixselectedtropicaldiseasescoveredinthisbookareparasitic diseasesthatcontinuetoposepublichealthchallengesofspecificdiagnosis,desired responsetotherapy,andlackofeffectivevaccines.Analysispresentedinthisbook on current knowledge about the genetics/epigenetics of these diseases as well as causative pathogens will help the readers to think of newer strategies/targets for developing easy-to-implement, cost-effectivetoolsfor diagnosis, therapy, and vac- cines for these diseases. Chapter on tuberculosis focuses on detection ofinfection, transmission, next-generation drugs, and their molecular action and new pathways thatcanbeexploredinnearfuture.Thesetopicshaveglobalinterestandarecovered byauthorsacrossseveralcountries,fromendemictononendemiccountries,thusare expectedtoberealisticandatthesametimedispassionateinanalysisandopinion. Iamoptimisticthatthisbookwillenlightenawidespectrumofreadersandwill empowerthemtopursueresearchonaspectsthattheymaylike.Iamalsosurethat thisbookwillnotonlyprovideeasy-to-assimilateknowledgeonthebiologyofthese diseases butalso stimulate the desired interest in readers. xiii xiv Foreword Finally, I compliment the authors as well as editors for this excellent effort. I wish readers an enjoyable reading, which will also help them to contribute to the development of better translational science to tackle these important diseases of immense public healthimportance. (VM Katoch) DrVM Katoch, MD,FNASc, FASc, FAMS,FNA NASI-ICMR Chair on Public Health Research at RajasthanUniversityof Health Sciences (RUHS), Jaipur, President, JIPMER, Puducherry, Former Secretary, Department ofHealth Research, Govt ofIndia andDirector-General, Indian Councilof Medical Research, Sector 18, Kumbha Marg,Pratap Nagar, Jaipur-302033 (Rajasthan) E-mail: [email protected] Preface GauriMisra VijayKumarSrivastava We present this book as a guideline tohelp thegraduate students, researchers, and youngscientistsintheareaofbiomedicalsciences.Thisbookincludesthemolecular anddrugdiscoveryaspectsoftropicaldiseases.Thetextispresentedinawaythatis easilyaccessibletoanyone,independentofpriortechnologicalknowledge.Itissuit- ableasareferencebookforundergraduatesandpostgraduatestraininginmolecular aspects of drug discovery in tropical disease area along with future prospects to generateresearchideas.Itcanalsoserveasanintroductorybookforthosepursuing apostgraduatecareerinhealthanddrugdiscovery.Thosewithabackgroundinhost andpathogenbiologyshouldfindthisbookavaluableadditiontothediverseappli- cations of technology in health along with a summary of unique challenges inthis domain.Thisbookisdividedintosixchaptersdealingwithdifferenthumanpatho- genictropicaldiseases,namelyAmebiasis,Leishmaniasis,Tuberculosis,Lymphatic filariasis, Malaria, and Sleeping Sickness. Each chapter is a contribution from ex- pertsinthefieldthusenhancingthequalityofthecontentandkeepingthemolecular aspects of pathology, diagnostics of selected neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). Eachchapterbeginswithanintroductionthatguidesthereaderdescribingthestruc- ture,composition,andapplicationofthechapterwiththehelpofselectiveexamples, tables, figures, etc. The conclusion at the end of each chapter summarizes the key points and includes suggestions, wherever required. However, an expert looking foradetailedexplanationofanytopicpertainingtothesetropicaldiseasesisadvised toreadfurtherfromsuggestedreferencesgivenattheendofeachchapter.Wefirmly believe that this book provides a valuable resource guide for students to plan and execute their own research on the NTDs with a clear and simple understanding developed after reading thisbook. xv Acknowledgment Abookisincompletewithouttheeffortsofseveralpeoplewhocontributeandsup- portinvariousrolesandcapacities.Wewishtoextendoursincerethankstoallthe contributingauthorsfortheirpersistenteffortstobringthebestfortheenrichmentof the target audience. While efforts of some are explicit and visible, some of them have consistently supported our work in background. Gauri takes this opportunity to extend her indebtedness to her mother Mrs. Kamla Misra, her spiritual teacher LateBhaktivedantaShriNarayanSwamiMaharaj,hergrandmotherLateMrs.Shan- tideviMisra,andhergrandfatherLateMr.AnandSwaroopMisrafortheirpersistent effortsinsupportinghershapethecareerandlife.Theloveandsupportofallteach- ersparticularlyherschoolPrincipalSisterBettyTeresa,friends,andcolleaguesfor providing a strong moral foundation have been instrumental in the successful completion of this fourth book. Gauri acknowledges the funding support from ICMR that providesaboost toher scientific and academic endeavours. VijaytakesthisopportunitytoextendhisheartfeltthankstohiswifeMrs.Chan- dini Srivastava for her continuous support and affection that has been a constant boost in his academic journey, his sister-in-law Ms. Richa Srivastava, his brother Mr. Ajay Kumar Srivastava, his mother-in-law Mrs. Anjali Nigam, his father-in- lawMr.NareshSrivastava,hismotherLateMrs.RamaRaniSrivastava,andhisfa- therLateMr.JitendraNathVermafortheirlove,care,constantsupport,andfreedom ofchoicetochooseandshape hiscareerinscienceandfacethechallenges oflife, emergingasastrongperson.Theloveandsupportofallteachers,friends,andcol- leagueshavetranslatedthisworktoasatisfactoryconclusion.Sincerethankstoall the reviewers for their valuable feedback that has certainly added weight to the enrichmentofthisproject.TheconstantsupportfromalltheconcernedElsevierof- ficials associated with this project is deeply acknowledged. Hope the future opens more such enriching possibilities that pave way for academically empoweringefforts for the benefit of scientific community. xvii
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