Modular Treatment Approach for Drinking Water and Wastewater

372 Pages·2022·6.637 MB·English

by  Satinder Kaur Brar, Pratik Kumar, Agnieszka Cuprys

MODULAR TREATMENT APPROACH
FOR DRINKING WATER AND
WASTEWATER
This page intentionally left blank
MODULAR
TREATMENT
APPROACH FOR
DRINKING
WATER AND
WASTEWATER
Edited by
Satinder Kaur Brar
DepartmentofCivilEngineering,LassondeSchoolofEngineering,YorkUniversity,Toronto,ON,Canada;
InstitutNationaldelaRechercheScientifique,Centre-EauTerreetEnvironnement,Québec,QC,Canada
Pratik Kumar
DepartmentofCivilEngineering,IndianInstituteofTechnologyJammu,JammuandKashmir,India
Agnieszka Cuprys
NorwegianUniversityofLifeSciences,Ås,Norway
Elsevier
Radarweg29,POBox211,1000AEAmsterdam,Netherlands
TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,OxfordOX51GB,UnitedKingdom
50HampshireStreet,5thFloor,Cambridge,MA02139,UnitedStates
Copyright©2022ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,electronicormechanical,
includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwriting
fromthepublisher.Detailsonhowtoseekpermission,furtherinformationaboutthePublisher’spermissionspolicies
andourarrangementswithorganizationssuchastheCopyrightClearanceCenterandtheCopyrightLicensing
Agency,canbefoundatourwebsite:www.elsevier.com/permissions.
ThisbookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyrightbythePublisher(otherthanas
maybenotedherein).
Notices
Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchandexperiencebroadenour
understanding,changesinresearchmethods,professionalpractices,ormedicaltreatmentmaybecomenecessary.
Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgeinevaluatingandusingany
information,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.Inusingsuchinformationormethodsthey
shouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyandthesafetyofothers,includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessional
responsibility.
Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors,assumeanyliabilityfor
anyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproductsliability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromany
useoroperationofanymethods,products,instructions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein.
ISBN:978-0-323-85421-4
ForinformationonallElsevierpublicationsvisitourwebsite
athttps://www.elsevier.com/books-and-journals
Publisher:CandiceJanco
AcquisitionsEditor:LouisaMunro
EditorialProjectManager:AndraeAkeh
ProductionProjectManager:SelvarajRaviraj
CoverDesigner:MarkRogers
TypesetbyTNQTechnologies
Contents
Contributors ix 4. Modular treatment approach for drinking
Preface xiii water and wastewater: introduction to a
sustainable approach to decentralized treatment
1. Introduction systems
RAHULSAINI,CARLOSSAULOSORIO-GONZALEZ,AND A.DALILALARIOS-MARTÍNEZ,
SATINDERKAURBRAR CHRISTELLBARRALES-FERNA(cid:1)NDEZ,
P.ELIZABETHALVAREZ-CHAVEZ,CARLOSMÉNDEZ-CARRETO,
1.1 Introduction 1 FABIOLASANDOVAL-SALAS,NORARUIZ-COLORADO,
References 9 STÉPHANEGODBOUT,SÉBASTIENFOURNEL,AND
ANTONIOAVALOS-RAMÍREZ
2. Characteristic of wastewater and drinking
4.1 Introduction 55
water treatment 4.2 Wastewatertreatment 57
4.3 Wastewatertreatmentoperations 57
SABAMIRI,JAVADGHANEI,ANDSATINDERKAURBRAR
4.4 Modularwastewatertreatmentapproaches 60
2.1 Introduction 13 4.5 Conclusions 64
2.2 Wastewatertreatmentinfrastructure 14 References 64
2.3 Macropollutantsinwaterandsludge 19 Furtherreading 66
2.4 Micropollutantsinwaterandwastewater 21
5. Modular water treatment practice in cold
2.5 Waterqualityparameters 26
2.6 Bottlenecksandlimitationsofcentralizeddrinking countries
waterandwastewatertreatmentfacilities 29
MOHAMMADHOSSEINKARIMIDARVANJOOGHI,
2.7 Conclusion 31 WASEEMRAJA,PRATIKKUMAR,SARAMAGDOULI,AND
References 31 SATINDERKAURBRAR
3. Perspectivesontheuseofmodularsystemsfor 5.1 Introduction 67
organic micropollutants removal 5.2 Treatmentunitsformodulardrinkingwater
system 68
SEYYEDMOHAMMADREZADAVOODI, 5.3 Operationalchallengesofmodulartreatmentsystems
MOHAMMADHOSSEINKARIMIDARVANJOOGHI,AND
inacoldcountry 76
SATINDERKAURBRAR
5.4 Conclusion 77
3.1 Introductiontochallengesrelatedtoremovalof Acknowledgments 78
organicmicropollutantsandpossiblesolutions 33 References 78
3.2 Organicmicropollutantsremoval:currentstateof
6. Introduction to modular wastewater
art 40
3.3 Source-to-tap:Wheretoapplythenew treatment system and its significance
modules? 47
ASHOKKUMARGUPTA,ABHRADEEPMAJUMDER,AND
3.4 Conclusion 49 PARTHASARATHIGHOSAL
Acknowledgments 49
References 49 6.1 Introduction 81
v
vi
Contents
6.2 Wastewateranditscomponents 82 9. Electrode-based reactors in modular
6.3 Conventionalpracticesandassociatedchallengesin wastewater treatment
wastewatertreatment 88
6.4 Prospectofmodularwastewatertreatmentunitsin GURUPRASADV.TALEKAR
developingcountries 93
9.1 Introduction 149
6.5 Summaryoffindings 94
9.2 Electrooxidation 150
References 95
9.3 Electrochemicaldisinfection 157
9.4 CLASS(closedloopadvancedsanitation
7. Phytoremediation as a modular approach for
system) 161
greywater treatment 9.5 Conclusion 167
FERNANDOJORGEMAGALHA~ESFILHO(CORREA)AND References 167
PAULAPAULO(LOUREIRO)
10. Areviewonadvancedbiologicalsystemsfor
7.1 Phytoremediationandconstructedwetlands:a
modular wastewater treatment plants: process,
modularapproach 107
application, and future in developing countries
7.2 Greywaterasamaincomponentofdomestic
wastewater 109 ASHOKKUMARGUPTA,ABHRADEEPMAJUMDER,AND
7.3 Constructedwetlandsasnature-basedsolutionsfor PARTHASARATHIGHOSAL
greywatertreatment 109
10.1 Introduction 171
7.4 Casestudy:authorsexperiencewithconstructed
10.2 Modularconstructedwetland-basedtreatment
wetlandsandgreywater 113
units 171
7.5 Challengesandperspectives 125
10.3 Modularmembranebioreactorebasedtreatment
Acknowledgments 126
units 178
References 126
10.4 Modularmicrobialfuelcellebasedtreatment
units 179
8. Design and principles of adsorbent-based
10.5 Otheradvancedmodularbiologicalwastewater
reactors for modular wastewater treatment
treatmentunits 180
M.CHAUDHARY,N.JAIN,L.BARMAN,ANDG.D.BHOWMICK 10.6 Evaluationoftheperformanceofmodulartreatment
units 184
8.1 Introduction 129 References 185
8.2 Adsorbent-basedreactors 130
8.3 Flowdirectionandtheextentofadsorption 133 11. A life cycle assessment perspective to
8.4 Adsorbentsusedinadsorption-basedreactors 134
conventionalandmodularwastewatertreatment
8.5 Principleofadsorptionanditsmechanism 134
8.6 Designofmultifunctionaladsorbents 137 BIKASHR.TIWARIANDSATINDERKAURBRAR
8.7 Decentralized/modulartreatmentsystems:need,
11.1 Introduction 187
significance,andcasestudies 138
11.2 Lifecyclephases 188
8.8 Challengesandfutureperspectives 142
11.3 LCAofmodularwastewatertreatmentsystems 194
8.9 Conclusion 143
11.4 Casestudiescentralizedversusdecentralized 198
References 143
References 202
Furtherreading 148
vii
Contents
12. Concept of bioproduct recovery in relation References 261
to the modular treatment Furtherreading 264
CARLOSSAULOSORIO-GONZALEZ,JOSEPHSEBASTIAN, 15. Role of membrane filtration in modular
SATINDERKAURBRAR,ANDANTONIOAVALOS-RAMÍREZ
drinking water treatment system
12.1 Introduction 207
PRITHACHATTERJEE,UBHATALI,ANDPRATIKKUMAR
12.2 Sludge-to-energyconcept 208
12.3 Biodieselproduction 210 15.1 Introduction 267
12.4 Biogasgeneration 212 15.2 Typesofmembranesystems 268
12.5 Biofertilizers 216 15.3 Modulardesign:amembranetechnologyaspectsfor
12.6 Conclusion 220 drinkingwatertreatment 270
Acknowledgment 220 15.4 Stateoftheart:applicationofthemembrane
References 220 treatmentsystems 271
15.5 Casestudies 276
13. Introduction to modular drinking water 15.6 Conclusions 277
treatment system Acknowledgment 277
References 277
KAIVALYAKULKARNI,WASEEMRAJA,ANDPRATIKKUMAR
Furtherreading 279
13.1 Introduction 225
13.2 Modulardrinkingwatertreatmentsystems: 16. Modular drinking water systems: chemical
advantages 226 treatment perspective
13.3 Challengesinsettingupmodulardrinkingwater
PRATISHTHAKHURANA,RAMAPULICHARLA,AND
treatmentsystems 227
SATINDERKAURBRAR
13.4 Factorsaffectingselectionofmodulardrinkingwater
treatmentsystems 227 16.1 Introduction 281
13.5 Designconsiderationsformodulardrinkingwater 16.2 Communitydrinkingwatertreatment 282
treatmentsystems 228 16.3 Thechlorinationprocess 283
13.6 Conclusion 236 16.4 Chlorinationby-products 289
References 236 16.5 Advancedchemicalmethods 290
Furtherreading 237 16.6 Challengesandfutureoutlooks 298
16.7 Conclusion 299
14. Role and importance of filtration system in References 299
modular drinking water treatment system
17. Modular drinking water treatment system
KAMALPREETKAURBRAR,HAYATRAZA,SARAMAGDOULI, using ozonation and UV
ANDSATINDERKAURBRAR
XUHANSHU,PRATIKKUMAR,ANDSATINDERKAURBRAR
14.1 Introduction 239
14.2 CommercializedMDWTS 240 17.1 Ozonationdrinkingwatertreatmentsystem
14.3 Casestudies 242 (DWTS):amodularapproachprincipleof
14.4 Ultrastructureoffiltervesselandimportantstepsto ozonation 303
befollowedforefficientfunctioningin 17.2 UV-basedtreatmentofdrinkingwatersources:a
MDWTS 245 modularapproachprincipleofaUVlight 307
14.5 Basicsizingformulaandexampleoffilter 17.3 Currentbenefitandpossiblechallengestoprovide
media 247 solutionforasmallercommunity 311
14.6 Roleofpassivefiltermediatodesignanovel 17.4 Casestudyandfutureperspectiveforthemodular
MDWTS 249 watertreatmentsystem 314
14.7 Microbiologicalaspectofdrinkingwater 256 17.5 Conclusion 315
14.8 Conclusion 261 References 316
viii
Contents
18. Application of solar energy in modular 19. Life cycle assessment drinking water supply
drinking water treatment and treatment systems
PRATIKKUMAR,AGNIESZKACUPRYS,AND VRSANKARCHEELA,UBHATALI,PRATIKKUMAR,AND
SATINDERKAURBRAR BRAJESHK.DUBEY
18.1 Introduction 319 19.1 Introduction 335
18.2 Solarenergyusedfordesalinationpurpose 320 19.2 Casestudy 338
18.3 Disinfectionofdrinkingwaterusingsolarenergy: 19.3 ReviewofLCAstudiesinwatersector 342
solardisinfection 326 19.4 Summary 348
18.4 Conclusion 332 Acknowledgment 348
Acknowledgments 332 References 348
References 332
Index 351
Contributors
UbhatAli Department ofCivilEngineering, Indian M.Chaudhary DepartmentofDesalinationandWa-
Institute of Technology Jammu, Jammu and ter Treatment, Zuckerberg Institute for Water
Kashmir,India Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev,
P. Elizabeth Alvarez-Chavez Research and Devel- Beer-Sheba,Israel
opment Institute for the Agri-Environment VRSankarCheela EnvironmentalEngineeringand
(IRDA), Québec, QC, Canada; Département des Management, Department of Civil Engineering,
sols et de génie agroalimentaire, Faculté des sci- IndianInstituteofTechnologyKharagpur,Kharag-
ences de l’agriculture et de l’alimentation, Univer- pur,WestBengal,India
sitéLaval,Quebec,QC,Canada Agnieszka Cuprys Norwegian University of Life
Antonio Avalos-Ramírez Institut National de la Sciences,Ås,Norway
RechercheScientifique-CentreEauTerreEnviron- Seyyed Mohammadreza Davoodi Department of
nement, Université du Québec, Québec, QC, CivilEngineering,LassondeSchoolofEngineering,
(cid:1)
Canada; Centre National en Electrochimie et en York University, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institut
Technologies Environnementales, Shawinigan, National de la Recherche Scientifique - Centre-
QC,Canada Eau,TerreEnvironnement,Québec,QC,Canada
L. Barman Agricultural and Food Engineering Brajesh K. Dubey Environmental Engineering and
Department, Indian Institute of Technology Management, Department of Civil Engineering,
Kharagpur,Kharagpur,WestBengal,India IndianInstituteofTechnologyKharagpur,Kharag-
ChristellBarrales-Fern(cid:1)andez Tecnolo(cid:1)gicoNacional pur,WestBengal,India
deMéxico/ITSdePerote,Perote,Veracruz,México SébastienFournel Départementdessolsetdegénie
G.D.Bhowmick AgriculturalandFoodEngineering agroalimentaire, Faculté des sciences de l’agricul-
Department, Indian Institute of Technology tureetdel’alimentation,UniversitéLaval,Quebec,
Kharagpur,Kharagpur,WestBengal,India QC,Canada
Kamalpreet Kaur Brar Department of Civil Engi- Javad Ghanei Department of Civil Engineering,
neering,LassondeSchoolofEngineering,YorkUni- Lassonde School of Engineering, York University,
versity, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre Toronto,ON,Canada
Technologique des Résidus Industriels en Abitibi Partha Sarathi Ghosal School of Water Resources,
Témiscamingue,Rouyn-Noranda,QC,Canada IndianInstituteofTechnologyKharagpur,Kharag-
Satinder Kaur Brar Department of Civil Engineer- pur,WestBengal,India
ing,LassondeSchoolofEngineering,YorkUniver- Stéphane Godbout Research and Development
sity, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institut National de la InstitutefortheAgri-Environment(IRDA),Québec,
RechercheScientifique-CentreEauTerreEnviron- QC,Canada
nement,Québec,QC,Canada
Ashok Kumar Gupta Environmental Engineering
PrithaChatterjee DepartmentofCivilEngineering, Division, Department of Civil Engineering, Indian
IndianInstituteofTechnologyHyderabad,Hydera- Institute of Technology Kharagpur, Kharagpur,
bad,Telangana,India WestBengal,India
ix