Modernization in South-East Asia

272 Pages·1973·40.018 MB·English

by  Hans-Dieter Evers

MCDERNIZATION IN
SOUTH-EAST ASIA
The Institute of Southeast Asian Studies was established as an autonomous
corporation by an Act of the Parliament of the Republic of Singapore in
May 1968. It is a regional centref or scholars and other specialists concerned
with modern South-East Asia. Its research interest tgfocused on the many-
faceted problems of modernization and social change in South-East A 'a
The Institute is governed by a twenty-four member Board of Trustees
on which are represented the University of Singapore analNanyang'University
appointees from the Government, as well as representatives from a broad
range of professional and civic organizations and grozm A ten-man Exe-
cutive Committee oversees day-to-day operation.§,° it is ex officio chaired by
the Director, the Institute's chief academic and adi i n
T7ze~ opinions expressed in this publication are the responsibility of an
authors and not of the Institute.
r
Modernization in
F-.-+
South-
i...n...E..
Edited by
HANS-DIETER EVERS
Professor of Sociology, University of Singapore
of
Issued under the auspices the
Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, Singapore
SINGAPORE KUALA LUMPUR
OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS
LONDON NEW YORK MELBOURNE
Oxford University- Press
OXFORD LONDON GLASGOW NEW YORK
TORONTO MELBOURNE WELLINGTON CAPE TOWN
DELHI BOMBAY CALCUTTA MADRAS KARACHI DACCA
KUALA LUMPUR SINGAPORE JAKARTA HONG KONG TOKYO
NAIROBI DAR ES SALAAM LUSAKA ADDIS ABABA
IBADAN ZARIA ACCRA BEIRUT
©Oxford University Press 1973
First published I973
Reprinted I975
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means,
electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,
without the prior permission of Oxford University Press
Reprinted lithographically in Singapore by
Dainippon Tien Wah Printing (Pre) Ltd.
Published by Oxford University Press, Bangunan Loke Yew, Kuala Lumpur
For
HARRY J. BENDA,
1919-1972
of
Former Professor History,
Yale University and
sometime Director,
Institute of Southeast Asian Studies,
Singapore

Preface
Shortly after the Institute of Southeast Asian Studies came into existence,
its first Director, the late Professor Harry J. Benda, entered into corres-
pondence, and later, personal discussion with Professor S. Eisenstaedt of
the Hebrew University and Professor Hans-Dieter Evers, then his colleague
at Yale University, on the subject of modernization in South-East Asia. Out
of these conversations grew the idea of holding an international conference
on the topic. It took nearly two years of planning before it could be
realized. The second Director of the Institute, Professor John D. Legge of
Monash University, working closely with a small committee of Singapore
academics, gave structure to the original ideas and issued the invitations.
It remained for me, the third Director, to see the conference come to life.
This seminar was the Institute's first effort to draw scholars from
throughout the world to Singapore for five days of discussion. Using
Professor Eisenstadt's paper as the focus, other scholars were asked to
develop their own ideas about the several themes he suggested. These
papers were circulated in advance of the meeting so that when the partici-
pants arrived, all were thoroughly familiar with the ideas and arguments of
their counterparts. The meetings therefore, were devoted to discussing and
extending the arguments beyond the papers themselves. The participants
agreed, after the conference, that it was a challenging and stimulating
meeting which had helped them obtain new insights and understanding of
the many questions which were raised.
At the invitation of the Institute, Professor Hans-Dieter Evers of the
University of Singapore, accepted the responsibility for editing and assem-
bling the papers into a coherent and unified discussion of modernization
in Southeast Asia. On behalf of the Institute, I would like to take this
opportunity to thank him for transforming the several papers into a study
which adds both to the theory of modernization and to the data on the
actual process of modernization.
The Institute also would like to take this opportunity to thank the four
Foundations which made the conference possible: the Asia Foundation,
the Ford Foundation, the Lee Foundation, and the Shaw Foundation.
The facts, interpretations and methods of presentation are those of the
authors alone and neither the Institute nor the Foundations noted above
are responsible, nor should they be considered as advocating the ideas and
interpretations included in this publication.
viii PREFACE
It is hoped that this volume will stimulate fresh thought and discussions
on the subject of modernization in South-East Asia.
Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, JOSEF SILVERSTEIN
Singapore,
6 June 1972
Contents
Page
Preface vii
Tables xi
INTRODUCTION
HANS-DIETBR EVERS, Modernization and Develop-
ment xii
I. POLITICAL DEVELOPMENT AND MODERNI-
ZATION
s.
1. N. E1SENSTADT, The Influence of Traditional
and Colonial Systems OD. the Development of
Post~traditional Social and Political Orders 3
2. Morin. A. NAWAW1, Tradition, Mobilization
and Development in Indonesia 19
3. REMIGIO E. AGPALO, Political Modernization in
the Philippines: The Politics and the Political
Elite of Occidental Mindoro 36
II. ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT AND MODERNI-
ZATION
4. R. P. DORE, The Late Development Effect 65
5. GOH KENG SWEE, Economic Development and
Modernization in South-East Asia 81
III. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT AND MODERNI-
ZATION
-
6. W. F. WERTHEIM, Resistance to Change From
Whom ? 97
7. HA'S-DIETER Evans, Group Conflict and Class
Formation in South-East Asia 108
8. A. KAHAR BADOR, Social Rank, Status-Honoulj
and Social Class Consciousness Amongst the
Malays 132