Modern Trends in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering PDF
Preview Modern Trends in Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
Modern Trends in H Chemistry and Chemical Engineering a Modern Trends in g h This important book covers a collection of topics that reflect the diversity of modern trends in i Chemistry and Chemical chemistry and chemical engineering. It presents leading-edge research from some of the brightest and most well known scientists from around the world. Contributions range from new methods to novel applications of existing methods to give readers an understanding of the Engineering material and/or structural behavior of new and advanced systems. The book offers a broad scope of new research for academics, researchers, and engineering professionals, which has potential for applications in several disciplines of engineering and science. Topics include: • Time evolution of the electronegativity and its various scales and the interrelationship between electronegativity and other periodic parameters • The starch nanocomposite and nanoparticles and its biomedical applications C • The lamination of nanofiber at different temperatures h • Electrospinning of chitosan (CHT) and how it can be improved by the addition of synthetic e m materials including carbon nanotubes (CNTs) i • Smart nanofibers based on nylon 6,6/polyethylene glycol blend s t • Nano-biocomposites with chitosan matrix and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) r y • Polypyrrole-coated polyacrylonitrile electrospun nanofibers a • Semi-empirical AM-1 studies on porphyrin, which include global reactivity parameters, local n M reactivity parameters, and atomic charge do d C e About the Editor hrn Dr. A.K. Haghi holds a BSc in urban and environmental engineering from the University of e T mr North Carolina (USA); an MSc in mechanical engineering from North Carolina A&T State e n University (USA); a DEA in applied mechanics, acoustics, and materials from the Université de icd s Technologie de Compiègne (France); and a PhD in engineering sciences from the Université al in de Franche-Comté (France). He has written about 1000 original articles, 250 monographs, and E 170 chapters in 40 volumes. It is apparent from this work that he has made valuable n contributions to the theory and practice of chemical engineering, heat and mass transfer, g i porous media, industrial drying, polymers, nanofibers, and nanocomposites. n e Dr. Haghi is Editor-In-Chief of the International Journal of Chemoinformatics and Chemical e Engineering and Editor-In-Chief of the Polymers Research Journal. He is an editorial board r i member for many US and internationally published journals and is also a Senior Editor for Apple n Academic Press (US and Canada). He served as an associate member of the University of g Ottawa and was a member of the Canadian Society of Mechanical Engineering. He currently serves as a faculty member at the University of Guilan (Iran). Related Titles of Interest • Dyes and Drugs: New Uses and Implications ISBN 978-1-926895-00-0 90000 A.K. Haghi, PhD Apple Academic Press Editor www.appleacademicpress.com 9781926895000 Modern Trends in CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk Modern Trends in CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING Edited By A. K. Haghi, PhD Associate member of University of Ottawa, Canada; Freelance Science Editor, Montréal, Canada Apple Academic Press TORONTO NEW JERSEY CRC Press Apple Academic Press, Inc Taylor & Francis Group 3333 Mistwell Crescent 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300 Oakville, ON L6L 0A2 Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742 Canada © 2012 by Apple Academic Press, Inc. Exclusive worldwide distribution by CRC Press an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business No claim to original U.S. Government works Version Date: 20120530 International Standard Book Number-13: 978-1-4665-5864-9 (eBook - PDF) This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or the consequences of their use. 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CCC is a not-for-profit organization that pro- vides licenses and registration for a variety of users. For organizations that have been granted a pho- tocopy license by the CCC, a separate system of payment has been arranged. Trademark Notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at http://www.taylorandfrancis.com and the CRC Press Web site at http://www.crcpress.com For information about Apple Academic Press product http://www.appleacademicpress.com Contents List of Contributors ...........................................................................................................ix List of Abbreviations ..........................................................................................................xi Preface ..............................................................................................................................xv 1. Time Evolution of the Electronegativity Part-1: Concepts and Scales .........1 Nazmul Islam and Chandra Chur Ghosh Introduction ........................................................................................................................1 Various Scales of Electronegativity ....................................................................................2 Common Proposition Regarding Electronegativity ..........................................................20 Unit of Electronegativity ..................................................................................................21 Inter-relationship Between the Electronegativity and Other Periodic Parameters ...........21 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................22 Acknowledgment ..............................................................................................................22 Keywords ..........................................................................................................................23 2. The Time Evolution of the Electronegativity Part-2: Applications .............24 Nazmul Islam and Chandra Chur Ghosh Introduction ......................................................................................................................24 The Electronegativity Equalization Principle ...................................................................25 Justifi cation of the Reaction Surface in Terms of Electronegativity ................................28 Electronegativity and Molecular Orbital Theory ..............................................................28 The Dipole Charge and Dipole Moment in Terms of Electronegativity ...........................29 Computation of Bond Moment .........................................................................................31 Computation of Hetero Polar Bond Length in Terms of Electronegativity ......................33 Atomic Polar Tensor .........................................................................................................34 Bond Stretching Frequency and Force Constant ..............................................................35 Standard Enthalpies of Formation and Bond Dissociation Energy ..................................36 Stability Ratio ...................................................................................................................38 Lewis Acid Strength .........................................................................................................39 Electronegativity and the Work Function .........................................................................40 Calculation of Other Periodic Parameters ........................................................................40 Electronegativity and the HSAB Principle .......................................................................42 The Concept of Group Electronegativity ..........................................................................44 Some Other Applications of Electronegativity .................................................................45 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................47 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................47 Keywords ..........................................................................................................................47 3. Starch Nanocomposite and Nanoparticles: Biomedical Applications .........48 Mohammad Reza Saboktakin Introduction ......................................................................................................................48 Starch ................................................................................................................................50 Starch Nanocomposites ....................................................................................................60 vi Contents Synthesis and Characterization of New Electrorheological Fluids by Carboxymethyl Starch Nanocomposites ....................................................................................................72 Keywords ..........................................................................................................................73 4. Updates on Lamination of Nanof ber.............................................................74 M. Kanafchian and A.K. Haghi Introduction ......................................................................................................................74 Experimental .....................................................................................................................76 Results and Discussion .....................................................................................................77 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................81 Acknowledgment ..............................................................................................................81 Keywords ..........................................................................................................................81 5. Electrospinning of Chitosan (CHT) ...............................................................82 Z. Moridi Mahdieh, V. Mottaghitalab, N. Piri, and A.K. Haghi Introduction ......................................................................................................................82 Experimental .....................................................................................................................84 Results and Discussion .....................................................................................................86 Conclusion ........................................................................................................................94 Acknowledgment ..............................................................................................................94 Keywords ..........................................................................................................................94 6. Smart Nanof ber Based on Nylon 6,6/Polyethylene Glycol Blend ...............95 Mahdi Nouri, Javad Mokhtari, and Mohammad Seifpoor Introduction ......................................................................................................................95 Experimental .....................................................................................................................96 Results and Discussion .....................................................................................................97 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................103 Keywords ........................................................................................................................103 7. Recent Advances of Carbon Nanotube/Biopolymers Nanocomposites: A Technical Review ........................................................................................104 Z. Moridi and V. Mottaghitalab Introduction ....................................................................................................................104 Biopolymers ....................................................................................................................104 Carbon Nanotubes ..........................................................................................................107 Chitosan/Carbon Nanotube Composites .........................................................................113 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................119 Keywords ........................................................................................................................119 8. Polypyrrole Coated Polyacrilonitril Electrospun Nanof bers....................120 Hamideh Mirbaha and Mahdi Nouri Introduction ....................................................................................................................120 Experimental and Methods .............................................................................................121 Results and Discussion ...................................................................................................121 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................123 Keywords ........................................................................................................................123 Contents vii 9. Semi-empirical AM-1 Studies on Porphyrin ...............................................124 Nazmul Islam and Minakshi Das Introduction ....................................................................................................................124 The Global Reactivity Parameters ..................................................................................126 The Local Reactivity Parameters ....................................................................................127 The Atomic Charge .........................................................................................................128 Method of Computation ..................................................................................................130 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................135 Keywords ........................................................................................................................136 References .......................................................................................................137 Index ...............................................................................................................162 TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk List of Contributors Minakshi Das Department of Basic Sciences and Humanities/Chemistry, Techno Global-Balurgaht, Balurghat-733101. Chandra Chur Ghosh Department of Basic Science and Humanities/Chemistry and Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Techno Global-Balurghat, Balurghat-733103, India. A.K. Haghi University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Nazmul Islam Department of Basic Science and Humanities/Chemistry and Theoretical and Computational Chemistry Laboratory, Techno Global-Balurghat, Balurghat-733103, India. M. Kanafchian University of Guilan, Iran. Z. Moridi Mahdieh University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Hamideh Mirbaha Department of Textile, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Javad Mokhtari Department of Textile Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht-Tehran Road, Rasht, Iran. Z. Moridi Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, P.O. BOX 3756, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. V. Mottaghitalab Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, P.O. BOX 3756, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Mahdi Nouri Department of Textile Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht-Tehran Road, Rasht, Iran. N. Piri University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran. Mohammad Reza Saboktakin Baku State University, Azerbaijan. Mohammad Seifpoor Department of Textile Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht-Tehran Road, Rasht, Iran.
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