Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease

3276 Pages·2005·42.876 MB·English

by  Maurice E. Shils, Moshe Shike, A. Catharine Ross, Benjamin Caballero, Robert J. Cousins

Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease 9th edition (January 1999): by Maurice E.
Shils (Editor), James A. Olson (Editor), Moshe Shike (Editor), A. Catherine Ross (Editor)
By Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins
By OkDoKeY
Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease
Contents
Editors
Preface
Acknowledgments
Contributors
PART I. SPECIFIC DIETARY COMPONENTS
Section A. Major Dietary Constituents and Energy Needs
Chapter 1. Defining the Essentiality of Nutrients
ALFRED E. HARPER
Chapter 2. Proteins and Amino Acids
DWIGHT E. MATTHEWS
Chapter 3. Carbohydrates
ROY J. LEVIN
Chapter 4. Lipids, Sterols, and Their Metabolites
PETER J.H. JONES AND STANLEY KUBOW
Chapter 5. Energy Needs: Assessment and Requirements in Humans
ERIC T. POEHLMAN AND EDWARD S. HORTON
Section B. Minerals
Chapter 6. Electrolytes, Water, and Acid-Base Balance
MAN S. OH AND JAIME URIBARRI
Chapter 7. Calcium
CONNIE M. WEAVER AND ROBERT P. HEANEY
Chapter 8. Phosphorus
JAMES P. KNOCHEL
Chapter 9. Magnesium
MAURICE E. SHILS
Chapter 10. Iron in Medicine and Nutrition
VIRGIL F. FAIRBANKS
Chapter 11. Zinc
JANET C. KING AND CARL L. KEEN
Chapter 12. Copper
JUDITH R. TURNLUND
Chapter 13. Iodine
BASIL S. HETZEL AND GRAEME A. CLUGSTON
Chapter 14. Selenium
RAYMOND F. BURK AND ORVILLE A. LEVANDER
Chapter 15. Chromium
BARBARA J. STOECKER
Chapter 16. Ultratrace Minerals
FORREST H. NIELSEN
Section C. Vitamins
Chapter 17. Vitamin A and Retinoids
A. CATHARINE ROSS
Chapter 18. Vitamin D
MICHAEL F. HOLICK
Chapter 19. Vitamin E
MARET G. TRABER
Chapter 20. Vitamin K
ROBERT E. OLSON
Chapter 21. Thiamin
VICHAI TANPHAICHITR
Chapter 22. Riboflavin
DONALD B. McCORMICK
Chapter 23. Niacin
DANIEL CERVANTES-LAUREAN, N. GERARD McELVANEY AND JOEL MOSS
Chapter 24. Vitamin B
6
JAMES E. LEKLEM
Chapter 25. Pantothenic Acid
NORA PLESOFSKY-VIG
Chapter 26. Folic Acid
VICTOR HERBERT
Chapter 27. Vitamin B “Cobalamin”
12
DONALD G. WEIR AND JOHN M. SCOTT
Chapter 28. Biotin
DONALD M. MOCK
Chapter 29. Vitamin C
ROBERT A. JACOB
Section D. Signs Of Clinical Deficiencies
Chapter 30. Clinical Manifestations of Human Vitamin and Mineral Disorders: A Resumé
DONALD S. McLAREN
Section E. Organic Compounds with Nutritional Relevance
Chapter 31. Carnitine
CHARLES J. REBOUCHE
Chapter 32. Choline and Phosphatidylcholine
STEVEN H. ZEISEL
Chapter 33. Carotenoids
JAMES ALLEN OLSON
Chapter 34. Homocysteine, Cysteine, and Taurine
MARTHA H. STIPANUK
Chapter 35. Glutamine and Arginine
STEVE F. ABCOUWER AND WILEY W. SOUBA
PART II. NUTRITION IN INTEGRATED BIOLOGIC
SYSTEMS
Section A. Tutorials in Physiologic Regulation
Chapter 36. Nutritional Regulation of Gene Expression
ROBERT J. COUSINS
Chapter 37. Transmembrane Signaling
ROBERT A. GABBAY AND JEFFREY S. FLIER
Chapter 38. Membrane Channels and Transporters: Paths of Discovery
DAVID ERLIJ
Chapter 39. The Alimentary Tract in Nutrition
SAMUEL KLEIN, STEVEN M. COHN, AND DAVID H. ALPERS
Section B. Genetic, Physiologic, and Metabolic Considerations
Chapter 40. Control of Food Intake
GERARD P. SMITH
Chapter 41. Metabolic Consequences of Starvation
L. JOHN HOFFER
Chapter 42. Nutrition and the Chemical Senses
RICHARD D. MATTES
Chapter 43. Fiber and Other Dietary Factors Affecting Nutrient Absorption and Metabolism
DAVID J. A. JENKINS, THOMAS M. S. WOLEVER, AND ALEXANDRA L. JENKINS
Chapter 44. Hormone, Cytokine, and Nutrient Interactions
IRWIN G. BRODSKY
Chapter 45. Nutrition and the Immune System
STEVEN H. YOSHIDA, CARL L. KEEN, AFTAB A. ANSARI, AND M. ERIC GERSHWIN
Chapter 46. Oxidative Stress and Oxidant Defense
JAMES A. THOMAS
Chapter 47. Diet in Work and Exercise Performance
ERIC HULTMAN, ROGER C. HARRIS, AND LAWRENCE L. SPRIET
Chapter 48. Nutrition in Space
HELEN W. LANE AND SCOTT M. SMITH
Section C. Nutritional Needs During the Life Cycle
Chapter 49. Body Composition: Influence of Nutrition, Physical Activity, Growth, and Aging
GILBERT B. FORBES
Chapter 50. Maternal Nutrition
WILLIAM J. McGANITY, EARL B. DAWSON, AND JAMES W. VAN HOOK
Chapter 51. Nutritional Requirements During Infancy
WILLIAM C. HEIRD
Chapter 52. Diet, Nutrition, and Adolescence
FELIX P. HEALD AND ELIZABETH J. GONG
Chapter 53. Nutrition in the Elderly
LYNNE M. AUSMAN AND ROBERT M. RUSSELL
PART III. DIETARY AND NUTRITIONAL ASSESSMENT OF
THE INDIVIDUAL
Chapter 54. Clinical Nutrition Assessment of Infants and Children
VIRGINIA A. STALLINGS AND ELLEN B. FUNG
Chapter 55. Clinical and Functional Assessment of Adults
JEANETTE M. NEWTON AND CHARLES H. HALSTED
Chapter 56. Nutritional Assessment of Malnutrition by Anthropometric Methods
STEVEN B. HEYMSFIELD, RICHARD N. BAUMGARTNER, AND SHEAU-FANG PAN
Chapter 57. Laboratory Tests for Assessing Nutritional Status
NANCY W. ALCOCK
Chapter 58. Dietary Assessment
JOHANNA DWYER
PART IV. PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF DISEASE
Section A. Pediatric and Adolescent Disorders
Chapter 59. Protein-Energy Malnutrition
BENJAMIN TORUN AND FRANCISCO CHEW
Chapter 60. Malnutrition among Children in the United States: The Impact of Poverty
ROBERT KARP
Chapter 61. Nutritional Support of Inherited Metabolic Disease
LOUIS J. ELSAS II AND PHYLLIS B. ACOSTA
Chapter 62. Inherited Metabolic Disease: Defects of b-Oxidation
JERRY VOCKLEY
Chapter 63. Childhood Obesity
WILLIAM H. DIETZ
Chapter 64. Nutritional Management of Infants and Children with Specific Diseases and/or Conditions
WILLIAM C. HEIRD AND ARTHUR COOPER
Section B. Disorders of the Alimentary Tract
Chapter 65. Assessment of Malabsorption
DARLENE G. KELLY
Chapter 66. Nutrition in Relation to Dental Medicine
DOMINICK P. DEPAOLA, MARY P. FAINE, AND CAROLE A. PALMER
Chapter 67. The Esophagus and Stomach
WILLIAM F. STENSON
Chapter 68. Short Bowel Syndrome
JAMES S. SCOLAPIO AND C. RICHARD FLEMING†
Chapter 69. Inflammatory Bowel Disease
ANNE M. GRIFFITHS
Chapter 70. Diseases of the Small Bowel
PENNY S. TURTEL AND MOSHE SHIKE
Chapter 71. Celiac Disease
J. JOSEPH CONNON
Chapter 72. Nutrition in Pancreatic Disorders
MASSIMO RAIMONDO AND EUGENE P. DIMAGNO
Chapter 73. Nutrition in Liver Disorders
C. S. LIEBER
Section C. Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disorders
Chapter 74. Nutrient and Genetic Regulation of Lipoprotein Metabolism
CLAY F. SEMENKOVICH
Chapter 75. Nutrition and Diet in the Management of Hyperlipidemia and Atherosclerosis
SCOTT M. GRUNDY
Chapter 76. Nutrition, Diet, and Hypertension
THEODORE A. KOTCHEN AND JANE MORLEY KOTCHEN
Chapter 77. Chronic Congestive Heart Failure
CHARLES HUGHES AND PATRICIA KOSTKA
Section D. Prevention and Management of Cancer
Chapter 78. Molecular Basis of Human Neoplasia
PAUL D. SAVAGE
Chapter 79. Diet, Nutrition, and the Prevention of Cancer
WALTER C. WILLETT
Chapter 80. Carcinogens in Foods
TAKASHI SUGIMURA AND KEIJI WAKABAYASHI
Chapter 81. Chemoprevention of Cancer
DIANE F. BIRT, JAMES D. SHULL, AND ANN L. YAKTINE
Chapter 82. Nutritional Support of the Cancer Patient
MAURICE E. SHILS AND MOSHE SHIKE
Section E. Prevention and Management of Skeletal and Joint
Disorders
Chapter 83. Bone Biology in Health and Disease
ROBERT P. HEANEY
Chapter 84. Nutrition and Diet in Rheumatic Diseases
CLAUDIO GALPERIN, BRUCE J. GERMAN, AND M. ERIC GERSHWIN
Chapter 85. Osteoporosis
ELIZABETH A. KRALL AND BESS DAWSON-HUGHES
Section F. Other Systemic Diseases and Disorders
Chapter 86. Nutritional Management of Diabetes Mellitus
JAMES W. ANDERSON
Chapter 87. Obesity
F. XAVIER PI-SUNYER
Chapter 88. Nutritional Aspects of Hematologic Disorders
ISRAEL CHANARIN
Chapter 89. Renal Disorders and Nutrition
JOEL D. KOPPLE
Chapter 90. Nutrition, Respiratory Function, and Disease
MARGARET M. JOHNSON, ROBERT CHIN, JR., AND EDWARD F. HAPONIK
Chapter 91. Nutrition and Retinal Degenerations
ELIOT L. BERSON
Chapter 92. Diagnosis and Management of Food Allergies
HUGH A. SAMPSON
Section G. Psychiatric, Behavioral, and Neurologic Disorders
Chapter 93. Behavioral Disorders Affecting Food Intake: Anorexia Nervosa, Bulimia Nervosa, and Other
Psychiatric Conditions
DIANE M. HUSE AND ALEXANDER R. LUCAS
Chapter 94. Nutrition and Diet in Alcoholism
LAWRENCE FEINMAN AND CHARLES S. LIEBER
Chapter 95. Nutrition and Diseases of the Nervous System
DOUGLAS R. JEFFERY
Section H. Nutrition, Infection, and Trauma
Chapter 96. The Hypercatabolic State
MICHELLE K. SMITH AND STEPHEN F. LOWRY
Chapter 97. Nutrition and Infection
LUCAS WOLF AND GERALD T. KEUSCH
Chapter 98. Diet and Nutrition in the Care of the Patient with Surgery, Trauma, and Sepsis
WILEY W. SOUBA AND DOUGLAS W. WILMORE
Chapter 99. Diet, Nutrition, and Drug Interactions
VIRGINIA UTERMOHLEN
Section I. Systems of Nutritional Support
Chapter 100. Enteral Feeding
MOSHE SHIKE
Chapter 101. Parenteral Nutrition
MAURICE E. SHILS AND REX O. BROWN
Chapter 102. Nutrition and Medical Ethics: The Interplay of Medical Decisions, Patients’ Rights, and the
Judicial System
MAURICE E. SHILS
PART V. DIET AND NUTRITION IN HEALTH OF
POPULATIONS
Chapter 103. Recommended Dietary Intakes: Individuals and Populations
GEORGE H. BEATON
Chapter 104. Dietary Goals and Guidelines: National and International Perspectives
A. STEWART TRUSWELL
Chapter 105. Nutrition Monitoring in the United States
MARIE FANELLI KUCZMARSKI AND ROBERT J. KUCZMARSKI
Chapter 106. Nutritional Implications of Vegetarian Diets
PATRICIA K. JOHNSTON
Chapter 107. International Priorities for Clinical and Therapeutic Nutrition in the Context of Public Health
Realities
NOEL W. SOLOMONS
Chapter 108. Social and Cultural Influences on Food Consumption and Nutritional Status
SARA A. QUANDT
Chapter 109. Fads, Frauds, and Quackery
STEPHEN BARRETT AND VICTOR D. HERBERT
Chapter 110. Alternative Nutrition Therapies
VICTOR D. HERBERT AND STEPHEN BARRETT
PART VI. ADEQUACY, SAFETY, AND OVERSIGHT OF THE
FOOD SUPPLY
Chapter 111. Food Processing: Nutrition, Safety, and Quality Balances
ALEXA W. WILLIAMS AND JOHN W. ERDMAN, JR.
Chapter 112. Designing Functional Foods
WAYNE R. BIDLACK AND WEI WANG
Chapter 113. Food Additives, Contaminants, and Natural Toxins
JOHN N. HATHCOCK AND JEANNE I. RADER
Chapter 114. Risk Assessment of Environmental Chemicals in Food
A. M. FAN AND R. S. TOMAR
Chapter 115. Food Labeling, Health Claims, and Dietary Supplement Legislation
ALLAN L. FORBES AND STEPHEN H. McNAMARA
PART VII. APPENDIX
ABBY S. BLOCH AND MAURICE E. SHILS
Appendix Contents
Section I. Conversion Factors, Weights and Measures, and Metabolic Water Formation
Section II. National and International Recommended Dietary Reference Values
Section III. Energy and Protein Needs and Anthropometric Data
Section IV. Nutrients, Lipids, and Other Organic Compounds in Beverages and Selected Foods
Section V. Exchange Lists and Therapeutic Diets
Section VI. Internet and Other Sources of Nutrition Information