Modern missile guidance

343 Pages·2019·9.849 MB·English

by  Yanushevsky, Rafael

Modern Missile Guidance

Modern Missile Guidance
Second Edition
Rafael Yanushevsky
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Yanushevsky, Rafael, author.
Title: Modern missile guidance / Rafael Yanushevsky.
Description: Second edition. | Boca Raton, FL : Taylor & Francis/CRC Press,
[2019]
Identifiers: LCCN 2018021255 | ISBN 9780815384861 (hardback : alk. paper) |
ISBN 9781351202947 (e-book)
Subjects: LCSH: Guided missiles—Guidance systems. | Flight control. |
Guidance systems (Flight)
Classification: LCC UG630 .Y35 2019 | DDC 623.4/519—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018021255
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To
Daniel and Camilla

Contents
Preface ..............................................................................................................................................xi
Author .............................................................................................................................................xv
1. Basics of Missile Guidance ...................................................................................................1
1.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................1
1.2 Guidance Process ..........................................................................................................3
1.3 Missile Guidance ...........................................................................................................4
1.4 Representation of Motion.............................................................................................5
1.5 Line-of-Sight ..................................................................................................................7
1.6 Longitudinal and Lateral Motions .............................................................................9
References .................................................................................................................................9
2. Parallel Navigation ...............................................................................................................11
2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................11
2.2 Proportional Navigation: Planar Engagement........................................................12
2.3 Proportional Navigation: Three-Dimensional Engagement .................................14
2.4 Augmented Proportional Navigation ......................................................................15
2.5 Proportional Navigation as a Control Problem ......................................................16
2.6 Augmented Proportional Navigation as a Control Problem ................................19
2.7 When Is the PN Law Optimal? .................................................................................20
References ...............................................................................................................................21
3. Analysis of PN Guided Missile Systems in the Time Domain ..................................23
3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................23
3.2 Inertialess PN Guidance System ...............................................................................24
3.3 Method of Adjoints .....................................................................................................25
References ...............................................................................................................................30
4. Analysis of PN Guided Missile Systems in the Frequency Domain .........................31
4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................31
4.2 Adjoint Method: Generalized Model .......................................................................32
4.3 Frequency Domain Analysis .....................................................................................36
4.4 Steady-State Miss Analysis ........................................................................................43
4.5 Weave Maneuver Analysis ........................................................................................43
4.6 Example ........................................................................................................................45
4.7 Frequency Analysis and Miss Step Response ........................................................46
4.8 Bounded Input–Bounded Output Stability .............................................................50
4.9 Frequency Response of the Generalized Missile Guidance Model .....................52
References ...............................................................................................................................54
5. Design of Guidance Laws Implementing Parallel Navigation: A Time
Domain Approach ................................................................................................................57
5.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................57
5.2 Guidance Correction Controls ..................................................................................58
vii
viii Contents
5.3 Lyapunov Approach to Control Law Design ..........................................................59
5.4 Bellman–Lyapunov Approach: Optimal Guidance Parameters ..........................62
5.4.1 Optimal Guidance for Nonmaneuvering Targets .....................................62
5.4.2 Optimal Augmented Guidance Laws .........................................................65
5.5 Modified Linear Planar Model of Engagement ......................................................66
5.6 General Planar Case ...................................................................................................67
5.7 Three-Dimensional Engagement Model ..................................................................70
5.8 Generalized Guidance Laws .....................................................................................72
5.9 Examples ......................................................................................................................76
References ...............................................................................................................................81
6. Design of Guidance Laws Implementing Parallel Navigation: A Frequency
Domain Approach ................................................................................................................83
6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................83
6.2 Neoclassical Missile Guidance ..................................................................................84
6.3 Pseudo-Classical Missile Guidance ..........................................................................88
6.4 Example Systems .........................................................................................................91
6.4.1 Planar Model of Engagement .......................................................................91
6.4.2 Multidimensional Model of Engagement ...................................................96
References ...............................................................................................................................98
7. Guidance Law Performance Analysis under Stochastic Inputs..................................99
7.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................99
7.2 Brief Discussion of Stochastic Processes ...............................................................100
7.3 Random Target Maneuvers .....................................................................................104
7.4 Analysis of Influence of Noises on Miss Distance ...............................................106
7.5 Effect of Random Target Maneuvers on Miss Distance ......................................110
7.6 Computational Aspects ............................................................................................112
7.7 Examples ....................................................................................................................114
7.8 Filtering ......................................................................................................................125
References .............................................................................................................................126
8. Guidance of Fixed-Wing UAVs ........................................................................................127
8.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................127
8.2 Basic Guidance Laws and Vision-Based Navigation ...........................................129
8.3 Generalized Guidance Laws for Fixed-Wing UAVs .............................................136
8.3.1 Waypoint Guidance Problem .....................................................................136
8.3.2 Rendezvous Problem ...................................................................................137
8.3.3 Conditional Rendezvous Problem .............................................................140
8.4 Guidance of a Swarm of UAVs ................................................................................141
8.5 Obstacle Avoidance Algorithms .............................................................................144
References .............................................................................................................................146
9. Testing Guidance Laws Performance .............................................................................149
9.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................149
9.2 Forces Acting on Missile and Fixed-Wing UAV ...................................................151
9.3 Missile and Fixed-Wing UAV Dynamics ...............................................................153
9.4 Reference Systems and Transformations ...............................................................157
Contents ix
9.5 Autopilot and Actuator Models ..............................................................................159
9.5.1 Pitch Autopilot Design Model ....................................................................159
9.5.2 Yaw Autopilot Design Model .....................................................................161
9.5.3 Roll Autopilot Design Model .....................................................................161
9.5.4 Actuators .......................................................................................................164
9.6 Missile Seekers ..........................................................................................................165
9.7 Filtering and Estimation ..........................................................................................168
9.8 Kappa Guidance ........................................................................................................174
9.9 Lambert Guidance ....................................................................................................176
9.10 Simulation Models ....................................................................................................177
9.10.1 6-DOF Simulation Model ............................................................................179
9.10.2 3-DOF Simulation Models ..........................................................................185
References .............................................................................................................................190
10. Integrated Missile Design ................................................................................................191
10.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................191
10.2 Integrated Missile Guidance and Control Model .................................................193
10.3 Synthesis of Control Laws .......................................................................................202
10.3.1 Minimization of Standard Functionals ....................................................202
10.3.2 Minimization of Special Functionals ........................................................204
10.4 Integration and Decomposition ..............................................................................208
References .............................................................................................................................213
11. New Generation of Intercept Systems for National Missile Defense .....................215
11.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................215
11.2 Kill Vehicles for Boost-Phase Defense ...................................................................217
11.3 Development of the Missile Model and Selection of Guidance Law
Parameters ..................................................................................................................220
11.4 Endgame Requirements and the Comparative Analysis of Efficiency of
Guidance Laws ..........................................................................................................225
11.4.1 Planar Model ................................................................................................225
11.4.2 3-DOF Model: Nominal Trajectory............................................................230
11.4.3 3-DOF Model: Step and Weaving Target Maneuvers .............................236
11.5 Advanced Guidance Laws Applied to Boost Stage ..............................................239
11.5.1 Interceptor’s Model ......................................................................................239
11.5.2 Simulation Results: Non-Maneuvering Target ........................................242
11.5.3 Simulation Results: Influence of Shaping Term.......................................246
11.6 Interceptor’s Performance with Axial Control ......................................................249
11.6.1 Axial Control of Kill Vehicle ......................................................................249
11.6.2 Axial Control of Interceptor .......................................................................253
11.7 Comparative Analysis with Lambert Guidance ...................................................258
References .............................................................................................................................261
12. Missile Guidance Software ..............................................................................................263
12.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................263
12.2 Software for Frequency Domain Approach ..........................................................265
12.3 Software for Time Domain Methods .....................................................................276
References .............................................................................................................................295