Table Of Content

Modern Leaders Thisbookconsidersthecurrentstrikingriseof‘outsider’politicalleaders,catapulted,appar- ently, from nowhere, to take charge of a nation. Arguing that such leaders can be better understood with the help of the anthropologically based concept of ‘the trickster’, it offers studies of contemporary political figures from the world stage – including Presidents Macron,Tsipras,OrbánandBolsonaro,amongothers–toexaminethewaysinwhichcha- rismaticandtrickstermodalitiescanbecomeintertwined,especiallyundertheimpactofthe- atricalpublicmedia.Lookingbeyondthecommonlyinvokednotionof‘charisma’torevisit thequestionofpoliticalleadershipinlightoftherecentriseofnewtypeof‘outsider’leaders, Modern Leaders: Between Charisma and Trickery offers an account of leadership informedbysocialandanthropologicaltheory.Assuch,itwillappealtoscholarsacrossthe socialscienceswithinterestsinpoliticalthoughtandtheproblemofpoliticalleadership. Agnes Horvath is a founding and chief editor of International Political Anthropology. She taught in Hungary, Ireland andItaly, andwas affiliate visiting scholar andsupervisor at the University of Cambridge. She is the author of Modernism and Charisma, the co- author of Walking into the Void, and The Political Sociology and Anthropology of Evil: Tricksterology,andtheco-editorofBreakingBoundaries:Varieties ofLiminality. Arpad Szakolczai is Professor of Sociology at University College Cork, Ireland, and previously taught Social Theory at the European University Institute in Florence. He is the author of Max Weber and Michel Foucault, Reflexive Historical Sociology, Comedy and the Public Sphere, and Permanent Liminality and Modernity, and the co-author of FromAnthropologytoSocialTheory:Rethinking theSocial Sciences. Manussos Marangudakis is Professorof Comparative Cultural Sociology at the Univer- sity of the Aegean, Greece and previously has taught at Queen’s University in Belfast and the University of Ulster. He is the author of The Greek Disaster and its Cultural Origins, Greek Anarchism as a Religious Phenomenon, Genealogies of Sociology, and AmericanFundamentalism. Contemporary Liminality Series editor: Arpad Szakolczai, University College Cork, Ireland Series advisory board: Agnes Horvath, University College Cork, Ireland Bjørn Thomassen, Roskilde University, Denmark Harald Wydra, University of Cambridge, UK This series constitutes a forum for works that make use of concepts such as ‘imitation’, ‘trickster’ or ‘schismogenesis’, but which chiefly deploy the notion of ‘liminality’, as the basis of a new, anthropologically-focused paradigm in social theory. With its versatility and range of possible uses rivalling and even going beyond mainstream concepts such as ‘system’ ‘structure’ or ‘institution’, liminality is increasingly considered a new master concept that promises to spark a renewal in social thought. In spiteofthe factthatchargesofEurocentrismoreven‘moderno-centrism’are widelydiscussed in sociology and anthropology, itremains the casethat mostthe- oreticaltoolsinthesocialsciencescontinuetorelyontaken-for-grantedapproaches developed from within the modern Western intellectual tradition, whilst concepts developedonthebasisofextensiveanthropologicalevidenceandwhichchallenged commonplaces of modernist thinking, have been either marginalised and ignored, or trivialised. By challenging the assumed neo-Kantian and neo-Hegelian founda- tionsofmodernsocialtheory,andbyhelpingtoshednewlightonthefundamental ideas of major figures in social theory, such as Nietzsche, Dilthey, Weber, Elias, Voegelin,FoucaultandKoselleck,whilstalsoestablishingconnectionsbetweenthe perspectives gained through modern social and cultural anthropology and the cen- tral concerns of classical philosophical anthropology Contemporary Liminality offersanewdirectioninsocialthought. Titles in this series The Political Sociology and Anthropology of Evil Tricksterology Agnes Horvath and Arpad Szakolczai China at a Threshold Exploring Social Change in Techno-Social Systems James B. Cuffe Modern Leaders Between Charisma and Trickery Edited by Agnes Horvath, Arpad Szakolczai, and Manussos Marangudakis Formoreinformationaboutthisseries,pleasevisit:www.routledge.com/sociology/ series/ASHSER1435 Modern Leaders Between Charisma and Trickery Edited by Agnes Horvath, Arpad Szakolczai, and Manussos Marangudakis Firstpublished2020 byRoutledge 2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN andbyRoutledge 52VanderbiltAvenue,NewYork,NY10017 RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©2020selectionandeditorialmatter,AgnesHorvath,ArpadSzakolczai,andManussos Marangudakis;individualchapters,thecontributors TherightofAgnesHorvath,ArpadSzakolczai,andManussosMarangudakistobe identifiedastheauthorsoftheeditorialmaterial,andoftheauthorsfortheir individualchapters,hasbeenassertedinaccordancewithsections77and78ofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedorutilised inanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,nowknownor hereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinanyinformation storageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublishers. Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksorregistered trademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanationwithoutintentto infringe. BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Names:Horváth,Ágnes,1957-editor.|Marangudakis,Manussos,editor.| Szakolczai,Árpád,editor. Title:Modernleaders:betweencharismaandtrickery/EditedbyAgnesHorváth, ManussosMarangudakisandArpadSzakolczai. Description:Abingdon,Oxon;NewYork,NY:Routledge,2020.| Series:Contemporaryliminality|Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. Identifiers:LCCN2020010148(print)|LCCN2020010149(ebook)| ISBN9780367333669(hardback)|ISBN9780429319433(ebook) Subjects:LCSH:Politicalleadership.|Charisma(Personalitytrait)–Political aspects.|Tricksters–Politicalaspects.|Personalityandpolitics. Classification:LCCJC330.3.M632020(print)|LCCJC330.3(ebook)| DDC303.3/4–dc23LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020010148 LCebookrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2020010149 ISBN:978-0-367-33366-9(hbk) ISBN:978-0-429-31943-3(ebk) TypesetinTimesNewRoman bySwales&Willis,Exeter,Devon,UK Contents Notesoncontributors vii Preface xi Introduction 1 AGNESHORVATH,ARPADSZAKOLCZAI,ANDMANUSSOSMARANGUDAKIS PARTI Oncharisandcharisma 13 1 Beyondcharisma:catacombingsensualgovernancebya painfulbreakingofhumanties 15 AGNESHORVATH 2 Charisma:fromdivinegifttothedemocraticleader-shop 35 CAMILF.ROMAN PARTII Plato’sstatesman 59 3 Thevirtuesofleadership:beyondthepleasureprinciple 61 ARPADSZAKOLCZAI 4 Constitutingpower:Plato’sweavingofhumanemotions 75 HARALDWYDRA 5 Plato’sstatesman:defendingphronesisfromcoding 88 JOHNO’BRIEN vi Contents PARTIII Contemporarycasestudies 105 6 Astudyincharismaandtrickery:thecaseofAlexisTsipras andSYRIZA 107 MANUSSOSMARANGUDAKIS 7 ThetricksterlogicinLatinAmerica:leadershipinArgentina andBrazil 133 OSVALDOJAVIERLÓPEZRUIZ,FABIANAAUGUSTAALVESJARDIM,AND ANALÚCIATEIXEIRA 8 PoliticalleadershipincontemporaryFrance:thecaseof EmmanuelMacron 157 HELENDRAKE 9 ThefailureofdemocracyinItaly:fromBerlusconitoSalvini 172 DANIELGATI 10 ViktorOrbán’sleadership:theprince,thepoliticalfather,and thedoomedtrickster 191 ZOLTÁNBALÁZS 11 Duplicity,corruption,andexceptionalismintheRomanian experienceofmodernity 211 MARIUSIONBENȚA Concludingcomments 229 AGNESHORVATH,ARPADSZAKOLCZAI,ANDMANUSSOSMARANGUDAKIS Index 233 Notes on contributors Zoltán Balázs is Professor of Political Science at the Corvinus University of Budapest, and Advisor at the Social Science Research Center of the L. Eötvös Research Network, Budapest. He has published in political and moral theory, the history of political thought, and the philosophy of Conser- vatism. His recent publications include The Principle of the Separation of Powers: A Defense (Rowman and Littlefield, 2016), ‘The never ending story of political moralism and realism’ (Ethical Perspectives, 2018), Homer’s Sun: Essays (Gondolat, 2019), and Trends in Hungarian Political Thought: Present and Past (Osiris, 2019). Marius Ion Bența received his PhD in 2014 from University College Cork, Ire- land, with a thesis on Alfred Schutz’s sociology. His recent publications include Walling, Boundaries and Liminality: A Political Anthropology of Transformations (a collective volume co-edited with Agnes Horvath and Joan Davison; Routledge, 2018), Experiencing Multiple Realities: Alfred Schutz’s Sociology of the Finite Provinces of Meaning (a research monograph; Routledge, 2018) and ‘Fluid identity, fluid citizenship: The problem of ethnicity in post-communist Romania’ (an article published in Nationalism and Ethnic Politics, 2017). He lives in Cluj, Romania and is a Research Fellow in sociology with George Barițiu History Institute, an Associate Lec- turer with Babeș-Bolyai University and an Associate Editor with Inter- national Political Anthropology. Professor Helen Drake is the Director of the Institute for Diplomacy and Inter- national Governance at Loughborough University London, and also holds a Chair in French and European Studies at Loughborough University. From 2012 to 2018 Helen was Chair of the UK’s Association for Contemporary European Studies, UACES (www.uaces.org). Between 2016 and 2018, Helen undertook two research projects on ‘Brexit’, both ESRC-funded. The first, ‘28+ perspectives on Brexit: a guide to the multi-stakeholder negotiations’, involved five researchers across different academic disciplines; the second, entitled ‘Future-proofing the UK electorate: simulating real world, post- Brexit decisions on EU freedom of movement in UK Schools’, took ‘Europe’ into schools in England via simulation exercises to raise awareness viii Notesoncontributors of UK–EU relations, and to develop students’ transferable skills. Publications from the 28+ Brexits project are already in print in the British Journal of Politics and International Relations, and on open access in the International Journal of Information Management. Daniel Gati is Associate Editor of the International Political Anthropology Journal. Has a BA in Art History from the University of Florence, a First Class Honours HDip in Sociology from University College Cork and an MSc in Sociology from the University of Amsterdam. Daniel has worked for over a decade for the IPA (International Political Anthropology), organising conferences such as the first and second International Beauty Conference and the IPASS summer schools. His main areas of interests are the nature of political power, mimesis, and technology. Dr Agnes Horvath is a political theorist and sociologist. She is the chief and founding editor of International Political Anthropology, and was an affiliate visiting scholar at the University of Cambridge from 2011 to 2014. Her recent books include Modernism and Charisma (Palgrave, 2013), Breaking Boundaries: Varieties of Liminality (Berghahn, 2015, co-editor), Walking into the Void: A Historical Sociology and Political Anthropology of Walking (Routledge, 2018, co-author), The Political Anthropology of Ethnic and Reli- gious Minorities (Routledge, 2018, co-editor), Divinization and Technology: The Political Anthropology of Subversion (Routledge, 2019, co-editor), Wall- ing, Boundaries and Liminality: A Political Anthropology of Transformations (Routledge, 2019, co-editor), and A Political Sociology and Anthropology of Evil: Tricksterology (Routledge, 2020, co-author). Fabiana Augusta Alves Jardim is Professor of Sociology of Education at the University of São Paulo (USP) and also of the Graduate Program of Educa- tion (FEUSP). With Osvaldo J. López-Ruiz, she coordinates the Group of Researchers on Government, Ethics and Subjectivities (GES). She has published Entre desalento e invenção: experiências de desemprego em São Paulo (2009), Max Weber and Michel Foucault: paralelas e intersecções (2018, co-editor) as well as articles and book chapters. Her main interests of research are: anthropology in the margins of the state, racial dynamics in Brazilian Politics and sociability, Latin-American governmentalities and the politics of trauma, testimony and memory. Osvaldo Javier López Ruiz is a researcher at INCIHUSA – CONICET, professor at the Doctorate in Social Sciences at UNCuyo, Mendoza, Argentina, and Visiting Fellow at the Graduate Institute, Geneva, Switzerland. His research interests are the values promoted in contemporary society, which is framed within three lines of research: (1) Max Weber and the ways of leading life; (2) Michel Foucault and the processes of subjectivation; and (3) neoliberal- ism as the organizing reason of our social cosmos. He has published Os eje- cutivos das tansnacionais e o espírito do capitalismo: capital humano e empreendedorismo como valores sociais (2007), Max Weber and Michel Notesoncontributors ix Foucault: paralelas e intersecções (coeditor, 2018), and several articles and book chapters. Manussos Marangudakis is Professor of Comparative Cultural Sociology at the University of the Aegean. He received his PhD at McGill University, Department of Sociology in Historical Comparative Sociology and has held posts at Queen’s University in Belfast and the University of Ulster. His research interests focus on historical comparative sociology and in particular the social construction of nature and science in the West, the impact of religion in the development in Latin West and Greek-Orthodox East, and the role of evangelical Protestantism in American civilization. More recently he has taken on the role of liminality in shaping critical moments in European history such as the latest immigration flows from the Middle East to Europe via Greece, and the Greek anarchist movement in the midst of the Greek crisis. Recent book publications include The Greek Disaster and its Cultural Origins (Palgrave Macmillan, 2019); Greek Anarchism as a Religious Phe- nomenon: A Sociological Analysis of Anarchism in Greece (Propompos, 2019); European Social Thought from Machiavelli to Weber (Propompos, 2019); and American Fundamentalism: How the Political, Religious, and Sci- entific Debates in the West Shaped the Intolerant American Protestantism (Papazisi). John O’Brien is a lecturer in sociology in Waterford Institute of Technology. He is President of the Sociological Association of Ireland and Co-Director of the Moral Foundations of Economy and Society Research Centre. His main research interest is social theory, historical sociology and the sociological analysis of alcohol use. His monograph, States of Intoxication: The Place of Alcohol in Civilization was published in 2018. He has published chapters and articles on topics such as Plato, contemporary social theory, public health policy and alcohol, the night-time economy, public order offences, commemoration, and urban regeneration. Dr Camil F. Roman (PhD, University of Cambridge, 2017) is Lecturer in Pol- itical Science and Sociology at John Cabot University and LUMSA Univer- sity, and is associate editor of International Political Anthropology. He is interested in reflexive, historical and interpretative approaches to the follow- ing areas of research: modern democracy and revolutions, the political sociology of modernity, religion and politics, the philosophical anthropology of modern science. Currently he is writing on a research monograph for Routle- dge on The French Revolution as a Liminal Process: Understanding the Pol- itical Schismogenesis of Modernity. His latest publications include Divinization and Technology. The Political Anthropology of Subversion (2019, co-editor with Agnes Horvath and Gilbert Germain), and ‘The French Revolution and the craft of the liminal void: from the sanctity of power to the political power of the limitless sacred’, in Historical Sociology (2018).