Modern Intellectual Property Law

892 Pages·2010·2.864 MB·English

by  Catherine Colston, Jonathan Galloway

Modern Intellectual Property Law
Modern Intellectual Property Law combines coverage of each intellectual property
right granted for creations of the mind into a thoughtful, unified textbook. Decon-
structing the fundamental topics into short, clear sections separated by subheadings
throughout, Colston and Galloway’s text is the ideal student companion to this
intriguing area of the law.
This new edition has been completely revised to bring it up to date with the
latest debate and changes to the law. All significant recent developments are
covered including the continuing controversy over patents for computer-
implemented inventions and biotechnological inventions, the House of Lords’
developments of patent law, the ECJ jurisprudence relating to trade mark dilution
and comparative advertising, as well as the database right, and international efforts
to reconcile copyright with peer-to-peer file sharing. This text also discusses the
ongoing effort to achieve an appropriate balance between intellectual property
and competition law in order to protect market competition while retaining key
incentives to drive the process of innovation.
Written for students, this accessible and comprehensive textbook provides the
perfect starting point for anyone studying intellectual property law in the UK.
Catherine Colston is a Senior Lecturer in Law at the University of Strathclyde. She
teaches postgraduate and undergraduate classes in Issues in Intellectual Property
(Hons) and Intellectual Property and her research spans both Intellectual Property
and Information Technology Law.
Jonathan Galloway is a Lecturer in Law at Newcastle University and an Attorney at
law in New York. His teaching and research focuses primarily on UK and EU Com-
petition Law.

Modern Intellectual Property
Law
Third Edition
Catherine Colston
Senior Lecturer in Law at the University
of Strathclyde.
Jonathan Galloway
Lecturer in Law at Newcastle University.
Previous two editions by
Catherine Colston and Kirstie Middleton
Third edition published 2010
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon, OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2010.
To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.
© 2010 Catherine Colston and Jonathan Galloway
Previous editions published by Cavendish Publishing Limited
Firstedition 1999
Secondedition 2005
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in
any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter
invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN 0-203-86917-6 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN10: 0-415-55672-4 (hbk)
ISBN10: 0-415-55671-6 (pbk)
ISBN10: 0-203-86917-6 (ebk)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-55672-9 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-55671-2 (pbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-203-86917-8 (ebk)
Outline Contents
Preface xiv
Table of cases xvi
Table of statutes xlii
Table of statutory instruments lii
Table of EU legislation liv
Table of treaties and conventions lvii
Useful websites lx
1 Introduction 1
2 Justification 32
3 The Patent 62
4 Patentable Subject Matter 106
5 Patentable Inventions 165
6 Infringement, Validity and Revocation 205
7 Breach of Confidence 231
8 Copyright Principles, Copyright Works and
Related Rights 278
9 The Subsistence and Substance of Copyright
and Related Rights 332
10 Infringement of Copyright and Defences 359
11 Employing Copyright: Permitted Copyright
uses, Dealings in Works and Competition 404
12 Moral Rights 447
13 Design Rights 470
14 Passing Off 537
15 Registered Trade Marks 577
16 Trade Mark Infringement and Challenges to
Trade Marks 645
17 Property and Dealings in Marks and Domain
Name Disputes 700
18 Image Protection 733
19 Enforcement 772
Index 819

Detailed Contents
Preface xiv
Table of cases xvi
Table of statutes xlii
Table of statutory instruments lii
Table of EU legislation liv
Table of treaties and conventions lvii
Useful websites lx
1 INTRODUCTION 1
Introduction 2
1.1 Protection for Ideas 3
1.2 Means for Protecting Ideas 3
1.3 Sources of Intellectual Property Law 7
1.4 Intellectual Property Rights and Free Movement 13
1.5 Intellectual Property and Competition Law and Policy 20
1.6 Other Impacts of EU Law on National Intellectual
Property Laws 29
1.7 Harmonisation Directives and EU-wide Rights 29
2 JUSTIFICATION 32
Introduction 33
2.1 The Nature of Exclusive Rights 35
2.2 An Alternative Approach: Unfair Competition 40
2.3 Justifications 44
2.4 Justifications for Patents 47
2.5 Justifications for Copyright 52
2.6 Trade Marks 56
3 THE PATENT 62
Introduction 63
3.1 The Development of Patents 63
3.2 Patent Terminology 68
3.3 Patents Act 1977 69
3.4 Application for a Patent 71
3.5 Ownership of the Patent 76
3.6 The Compensation Scheme 81
3.7 The Proprietary Right 87
viii DETAILED CONTENTS
3.8 Patent Licences 88
3.9 Patents and Free Movement 90
3.10 Patents and Competition Law 91
4 PATENTABLE SUBJECT MATTER 106
Introduction 107
4.1 Inventions 107
4.2 Excluded Categories 110
4.3 Computer Programs 112
4.4 Discoveries and Mathematical Methods 126
4.5 Schemes, Rules and Methods 129
4.6 Presentations of Information 133
4.7 Aesthetic Creations 133
4.8 Exclusions on the Ground of Morality and Public Policy 133
4.9 Biological Inventions 144
4.10 Medical Inventions 152
5 PATENTABLE INVENTIONS 165
Introduction 166
5.1 Novelty 166
5.2 Inventive Step 185
5.3 Industrial Application 195
5.4 Disclosure 198
6 INFRINGEMENT, VALIDITY AND REVOCATION 205
Introduction 206
6.1 Construction of Claims 206
6.2 Infringing Acts 218
6.3 Defences 224
6.4 Revocation and Opposition 228
6.5 Non-binding Opinions as to Validity by the Patent
Office 229
7 BREACH OF CONFIDENCE 231
Introduction 232
7.1 The Juridical Basis of the Action 232
7.2 Development of the Action 234
7.3 The Conditions for a Remedy 234
7.4 Information 235
7.5 Confidentiality of Information 240
7.6 Residual Confidentiality in Published Information 245
DETAILED CONTENTS ix
7.7 The Obligation of Confidence 250
7.8 The Direct Recipient – Express Obligations 251
7.9 The Indirect Recipient 258
7.10 No Relationship 260
7.11 Breach 264
7.12 Defences 267
7.13 Public Interest 268
7.14 Remedies 272
8 COPYRIGHT PRINCIPLES, COPYRIGHT WORKS AND
RELATED RIGHTS 278
Introduction 279
8.1 The Development of Copyright 279
8.2 Basic Principles 285
8.3 Copyright Works 290
8.4 Original Works 291
8.5 Literary Works 298
8.6 Dramatic Works 300
8.7 Musical Works 303
8.8 Artistic Works 305
8.9 Derivative Works 312
8.10 Related Rights 316
8.11 Unoriginal Databases 317
8.12 Rights for Performers in Performances 325
9 THE SUBSISTENCE AND SUBSTANCE OF COPYRIGHT
AND RELATED RIGHTS 332
Introduction 333
9.1 Qualification 333
9.2 Authorship 336
9.3 Ownership of Copyright 340
9.4 Duration of Copyright 346
9.5 Refusal of Copyright 350
9.6 The Exclusive Rights 351
9.7 Droit de Suite 356
9.8 Public Lending Right 357
10 INFRINGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT AND DEFENCES 359
Introduction 360
10.1 Primary Infringement 360
10.2 Authorising Infringement 375