Modern Homelessness: A Reference Handbook

306 Pages·2011·3.059 MB·English

by  Mary Ellen Hombs

MODERN HOMELESSNESS
Selected Titles in ABC-CLIO’s
CONTEMPORARY
WORLD ISSUES
Series
Animal Rights, Clifford J. Sherry
Autism Spectrum Disorders, Raphael Bernier
and Jennifer Gerdts
Climate Change, David L. Downie, Kate Brash,
and Catherine Vaughan
DNA Technology, David E. Newton
Domestic Violence, Margi Laird McCue
Education in Crisis, Judith A. Gouwens
Environmental Justice, David E. Newton
Gay and Lesbian Rights, David E. Newton
Genocide, Howard Ball
Global Organized Crime, Mitchel P. Roth
Global Refugee Crisis, Mark Gibney
Identity Theft, Sandra K. Hoffman and Tracy G. McGinley
Lobbying in America, Ronald J. Hrebenar and Bryson B. Morgan
Modern Piracy, David F. Marley
Modern Sports Ethics, Angela Lumpkin
Obesity, Judith Stern and Alexandra Kazaks
Same-Sex Marriage, David E. Newton
Sentencing, Dean John Champion
Sexual Crime, Caryn E. Neumann
Sexual Health, David E. Newton
Substance Abuse, David E. Newton
U.S. Border Security, Judith A. Warner
U.S. Space Policy, Peter L. Hays, PhD
U.S. Trade Issues, Alfred E. Eckes Jr.
Women in Combat, Rosemarie Skaine
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Books in the Contemporary World Issues series address vital
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Readers of books in the Contemporary World Issues series will
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MODERN
HOMELESSNESS
A Reference Handbook
Mary Ellen Hombs
Foreword by Philip F. Mangano
CONTEMPORARY
WORLD ISSUES
Copyright 2011 by ABC-CLIO, LLC

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced,
stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any
means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise,
except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review, without prior
permission in writing from the publisher.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Hombs, Mary Ellen.
Modern homelessness: a reference handbook / Mary Ellen Hombs ;
foreword by Philip F. Mangano.
p. cm. — (Contemporary world issues)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-59884-536-5 (alk. paper) — ISBN 978-1-59884-537-2
(ebook)
1. Homelessness. 2. Homelessness — Government
policy. 3. Homelessness — Prevention. I. Title.
HV4493.H63 2011
362.5 — dc22 2011008474

ISBN: 978-1-59884-536-5
EISBN: 978-1-59884-537-2

15 14 13 12 11 1 2 3 4 5
This book is also available on the World Wide Web as an eBook.
Visit www.abc-clio.com for details.

ABC-CLIO, LLC
130 Cremona Drive, P.O. Box 1911
Santa Barbara, California 93116-1911

This book is printed on acid-free paper
Manufactured in the United States of America
Contents
Foreword by Philip F. Mangano , xiii
1 Background and History , 1
Introduction , 1
What Changed in the United States? , 2
Developing Policy and Investment with Data , 4
Partnership, Investment, and Innovation , 9
New Federal Funding Approaches , 13
Identifying and Adopting Innovation , 14
Unprecedented Reductions in Homelessness , 16
Research and Resources for Homeless Populations , 17
Background to the Early Response to Homelessness , 23
Recent Issues in Federal Programs , 26
International Developments , 32
Other European Action , 32
Australia’s National Plan , 33
Canada’s National Partnering Strategy , 34
References, 35
2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions , 41
Introduction , 41
Defining and Measuring Homelessness: A New Debate , 42
Increasing Resources, Prioritizing Populations , 44
What about Poverty? , 49
How Many People Are Homeless? , 51
Ten-Year Plans: Rhetoric, Restrictions, or Results? , 53
Where Are the Resources to Prevent and End
Homelessness? , 60
Federal Spending on Homelessness , 60
Mainstream Resources , 60
vii
viii Contents
What about Prevention? , 64
Discharge into Homelessness from Other Systems , 65
Homelessness and Legal Issues , 67
Civil Rights , 67
Siting Homeless Housing and the “Not in My Backyard”
Problem , 71
References, 73
3 Worldwide Perspective , 79
Introduction , 79
Homelessness in the United Kingdom , 80
England’s Strategy on Street Homelessness , 80
Other U.K. Strategies on Homelessness , 92
Homelessness in Europe , 94
The Role of Social Exclusion , 94
Other European Strategies , 98
Ireland , 98
Denmark’s Goal of Ending Homelessness , 101
Planning in Other Scandinavian Countries , 102
Canada’s National and Local Strategies , 103
The Business Model and Canadian 10-Year Plans , 104
Australia , 106
International Human Rights Treaties , 107
References, 108
4 Chronology , 113
5 Biographical Sketches , 141
Angela Alioto , 141
Murray Barr , 142
Ellen Bassuk, MD , 143
Ellen Baxter , 144
Martha M. Burt, PhD , 144
Louise Casey , 145
Henry Cisneros , 146
Jim Collins , 147
Dennis P. Culhane, PhD , 147
Andrew M. Cuomo , 148
Deborah De Santis , 149
Manual Diaz , 149
Maria Foscarinis , 150
Mayor Paul Fraim , 151
Contents ix
Shirley Franklin , 151
Malcolm Gladwell , 152
Rosanne Haggerty , 153
Robert M. Hayes , 154
Robert Hess , 155
John W. Hickenlooper , 156
William Hobson , 156
Kim Hopper, PhD , 157
Jack Kemp , 157
Philip F. Mangano , 158
Mel Martinez , 160
George T. McDonald , 161
Representative Stewart B. McKinney , 161
Gavin Newsom , 162
James O’Connell, MD , 163
M. Dene Oliver , 164
Barton “Bart” R. Peterson , 164
Michael S. Rawlings , 165
Priscilla Ridgway, PhD , 165
Debra J. Rog, PhD , 166
Nan Roman , 167
Sister Mary Scullion , 167
Marybeth Shinn, PhD , 168
Horace Sibley , 169
Mitch Snyder , 169
Sam J. Tsemberis, PhD , 170
Representative Bruce Vento , 171
6 Data and Documents , 173
Introduction , 173
Collecting Data on Homelessness Nationally , 173
Recent Issues in Federal, State, and Local Government
Programs , 181
Passage and Implementation of the Federal
HEARTH Act , 181
Lessons Learned from the National Partnership , 192
Homelessness in Europe , 207
Homelessness in England , 208
European Homeless Initiatives , 209
Canada’s National Partnership , 209
Australian Government Initiatives , 209
References, 210