Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds VI

457 Pages·2011·15.52 MB·German

buchcover_fungizides18-8-2011 18.08.2011 9:51 Uhr Seite 1
C M Y CM MY CY CMY K
Persistent Identifier: urn:nbn:de:0294-sp-2011-Reinh-8
Spectrum Phytomedizin Spectrum Phytomedizin
)
s.
si,Ed
Gi(
U. yr
g, H. L
Proceedings of the 16th International Reinhardsbrunn Deisinssell,
Symposium on Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Com- B. Ru
H.E.
pounds, 2010 e, P.
hnk,
ec
The Proceedings of the 16th International Reinhardsbrunn DKu
W. H.
Symposium on Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Com- H.K. H.W. Dehne, H.B. Deising, U. Gisi, K.H. Kuck, P.E. Russell, H. Lyr (Eds.)
pounds uphold the tradition of all previous Symposium
Proceedings in this series by bringing you research reports
on the increasingly complex discipline of fungicide science.
Modern Fungicides and
As technology develops and new priorities are set for the
control of plant diseases, the research undertaken to
Antifungal Compounds VI
provide the tools for disease control expands. In order to I
V
ds
use these tools efficiently, information must be available nd
an
s u
on the biological and chemical properties of the disease eo
dp
control agents. The present Proceedings provide a unique giciom
nC
insight into current research and are an invaluable source Fual
of reference for students and established scientists. odern ntifung
MA
n
i
z
i
d
e
m
o
t
y
h
P

m
u
r
t
c
e 16th International Reinhardsbrunn Symposium
p
S
April 25 – 29, 2010 Friedrichroda, Germany
ISBN: 978-3-941261-10-5
Probedruck
Persistent Identifier: urn:nbn:de:0294-sp-2011-Reinh-8

DPG Spectrum Phytomedizin

H. W. DEHNE, H. B. DEISING, U. GISI, K. H. KUCK,
P. E. RUSSELL, H. LYR (EDS)

Modern Fungicides and Antifungal Compounds VI

th
Proceedings of the 16 International Reinhardsbrunn Symposium
April 25 -29, 2010, Friedrichroda, Germany
Persistent Identifier: urn:nbn:de:0294-sp-2011-Reinh-8

ISBN: 978-3-941261-10-5

Das Werk einschließlich aller Teile ist urheberrechtlich geschützt.
Jede Verwendung innerhalb der engen Grenzen des Urheberrechtsgesetzes
ist ohne Zustimmung der Deutschen Phytomedizinischen Gesellschaft e.V.
unzulässig und strafbar. Das gilt insbesondere für Vervielfältigungen,
Übersetzungen, Mikroverfilmungen und die Einspeicherung und
Verarbeitung in elektronischen Systemen.

All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in
a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic,
mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior
permission of the copyright owner.

© 2011 DPG Selbstverlag
Messeweg 11-12, 38104 Braunschweig
Email: [email protected]
Internet: www.phytomedizin.org

Production: Ingrid Sikora, INRES, Bonn

Cover-Design: Corinna Senftleben, Braunschweig
Satz: Christian Carstensen, InterKulturIntern, Edenkoben

Foto (book cover): Infection structures of Phytophthora infestans on tomato
leaves (Confocal Laser Scan Microscopy; Ulrike Steiner, 2010)

Printed in Germany by Lebenshilfe gGmbH, Braunschweig

II
Persistent Identifier: urn:nbn:de:0294-sp-2011-Reinh-8
Contents
Page
Contents III
List of Participants X
Preface XVII

OVERVIEW ARTICLES

The Impact of the New European Regulations on the Management of 1
Crop Diseases
A. Leadbeater

Crop Protection Markets in a Changing World 11
D. Sozzi, R. De Vivo, M. Titterington

Climate Change and Arable Crop Disease Control: Mitigation and 17
Adaptation
B.D.L. Fitt, N. Evans, P. Gladders, D.J. Hughes, J.W. Madgwick,
M.J. Jeger, J.A. Townsend, J.A. Turner, J.S. West

Breeding for Resistance as a Component of Integrated Crop Disease 27
Control and Sustainable Food Production
J.K.M. Brown

Fungicide Resistance in Rice 35
H. Ishii

Disruption of Botrytis cinerea Genome Highlights the Possibility that 41
Non-Protein Coding Regions may be Involved in Controlling
Infection and Sporulation
D.W. Hollomon, P.M. Wood

III
Persistent Identifier: urn:nbn:de:0294-sp-2011-Reinh-8
NEW FUNGICIDES AND NEW MODES OF ACTION

New Fungicides and New Modes of Action 47
H. Walter

Initium® - A New Innovative Fungicide for the Control of Oomycetes 55
in Speciality Crops
R.E. Gold, H. Schiffer, J. Speakman, G. Stammler, K. Klappach,
H.D. Brix, S. Schlehuber

Xemium® - The BASF Fungicide Innovation 63
M. Semar, D. Strobel, S. Strathmann, U. Groeger

Bixafen - The New Cereal Fungicide with Yield Boosting Effects 69
A. Suty-Heinze, R. Dunkel, U. Krieg, H. Rieck

Fluopyram: Efficacy and Beyond on Problematic Diseases 75
G. Labourdette, H. Lachaise, H. Rieck, D. Steiger

Effects of the New SDHI-Fungicide Bixafen on the Physiology and 81
Yield of Wheat Plants
C.A. Berdugo, U. Steiner, E.-C. Oerke, H.-W. Dehne

Studies on the Heterologous Expression of Dihydroorotate 85
Dehydrogenase from Stagonospora nodorum
G. Gustafson

FUNGICIDE RESISTANCE -
MOLECULAR ASPECTS AND GENETICS

Molecular Approaches to Elucidate Pathways and Sites of Fungicide 91
Resistance in Oomycetes
S.C. Whisson, R. Fonné-Pfister, M. Csukai

Sensitivity to CAA Fungicides and Frequency of Mutations in 103
Cellulose Synthase (Ces A3) Gene of Oomycete Pathogen Populations
H. Sierotzki, M. Blum, G. Olaya, M. Waldner-Zulauf, C. Buitrago,
J. Wullschleger, Y. Cohen, U. Gisi

Fenhexamid Resistance in Botrytis pseudocinerea: Target 111
Modifications and Fungicide Detoxification
A. Billard, S. Fillinger, P. Leroux, P. Solignac, H. Lachaise, R. Beffa,
D. Debieu

Fitness Measurements of Fenhexamid Resistant Strains in Botrytis 117
cinerea
A. Billard, P. Leroux, S. Fillinger, H. Lachaise, R. Beffa, D. Debieu

IV
Persistent Identifier: urn:nbn:de:0294-sp-2011-Reinh-8
Functional Characterisation of Mycosphaerella graminicolaSterol 123
14α-Demethylase Variants Resistant to Azole Fungicides
H.J. Cools, J.E. Parker, D.E. Kelly, J.A. Lucas, S.L. Kelly, B.A. Fraaije

Molecular Mechanisms of Altered Triazole Sensitivity in 129
Rhynchosporium secalis
N.J. Hawkins, H.J. Cools, M.W. Shaw, H. Sierotzki, B.A. Fraaije

Exploring the Molecular Basis of Azole Resistance in Powdery 135
Mildew Fungi
F.J. López-Ruiz, L. Chartrain, A. Pérez-Garcia, C.J. Ridout, J.A. Tóres,
J.K.M. Brown

A Group I Intron Located Downstream of the G143 Position of the 143
Cyt b Gene in Monilinia fructicola is Present in Genetically Diverse
Populations from China
M.J. Hu, L.F. Yin, Y. Chen, S.N. Chen, X.L. Liu, F.G. Chen, C.X. Luo

Comparison of Cellulose Synthase 3 (Ces A3) Gene Structure in 151
Different Oomycetes
M. Blum, H. Sierotzki, U. Gisi

Assessment of G143A Mutation and Type I Cyt bIntron Frequencies 155
in Botrytis cinerea Isolates from Strawberry in Greece
S. Samuel, T. Veloukas, G.S. Karaoglanidis

COMPLEX II INHIBITORS –
MODE OF ACTION AND RESISTANCE

SDH-Inhibitors: History, Biological Performance and Molecular 159
Mode of Action
A. Glättli, T. Grote, G. Stammler

SDHIs and the Fungal Succinate Dehydrogenase 171
G. Scalliet, M. Boehler, J. Bowler, P.S. Green, P.M. Kilby,
R. Fonné-Pfister

Sensitivity of Fungal Pathogens to SDHI Fungicides 179
H. Sierotzki, R. Frey, M. Morchoisne, G. Olaya, M. Mösch, G. Scalliet

Resistance to QoIs and SDHIs in Populations of Botrytis cinerea 187
A.S. Walker, M. Gredt, P. Leroux

Mutations in the Target Protein Conferring Resistance to SDHI 195
Fungicides
G. Stammler, A. Glättli, A. Koch, S. Schlehuber

V
Persistent Identifier: urn:nbn:de:0294-sp-2011-Reinh-8
Development of QoI Resistance in Ramularia collo-cygni Populations 199
J.M. Fountaine, F.J. Burnett, B.A. Fraaije

SENSITIVITY MONITORING AND RESISTANCE MANAGEMENT

Phakopsora pachyrhizi: The Performance of Soybean Rust Fungicides 203
over Years and Regions in Brazil
C.V. Godoy

Sensitivity Monitoring of Phakopsora pachyrhizi Populations to 211
Triazoles in Brazil
L.J. Koga, I.O.N. Lopes, C.V. Godoy

Analysis of Azole Fungicide Resistance in Mycosphaerella fijiensis, 217
Causal Agent of Black Sigatoka
P. Chong, R. Arango, I. Stergiopoulos, M. Guzmán, P.W. Crous,
G.F. da Silva, P.J.G.M. De Wit, G.H.J. Kema

Evolution of Resistance to Fungicides in Populations of 223
Mycosphaerella graminicola: Emergence of New Phenotypes Highly
Resistant to DMIs
A.-S. Walker, M. Gredt, P. Leroux

New Findings on the Sensitivity of Mycosphaerella graminicola to 231
DMI Fungicides
G. Stammler, M. Semar, D. Strobel, A. Koch, S. Schlehuber

Sensitivity of European Mycosphaerella graminicola Populations to 237
DMI Fungicides
H. Sierotzki, R. Frey, C. Buitrago, J. Wullschleger, U. Gisi

Mycosphaerella graminicola: Relevance of in vitro Sensitivity and 245
Cyp51 Mutations for the Field Performance of DMI Fungicides
A. Mehl, U. Krieg, A. Suty-Heinze

Outliers or Shifts? Sensitivity of the Irish Mycosphaerella graminicola 251
Population to Triazole Fungicides
S. Kildea, J. Spink, E. Mullins, P.C. Mercer, L.R. Cooke, E. O’Sullivan

Sensitivity of Mycosphaerella graminicola to DMI Fungicides across 255
Europe and Impact on Field Performance
D. Strobel, G. Stammler, M. Semar

Fungicide Use and Resistance in Broad Acre Cropping in Australia 259
R. Oliver, K. Rybak, E. Antoni, M. Tucker, N. Clarke, M. McLean,
J. Davidson

VI
Persistent Identifier: urn:nbn:de:0294-sp-2011-Reinh-8
Location-Specific Fungicide Resistance Profiles Aid Peach Growers 263
in Managing Fungicide Resistant Strains of Monilia fructicola
G. Schnabel, A. Amiri, P.M. Brannen

CAA, Phenylamide and QoI Resistance Assessment in Plasmopara 267
viticola Oospores
S.L. Toffolatti, L. Serrati, A. Vercesi

Sensitivity to Boscalid of Stemphylium vesicarium and Botrytis cinerea 273
in Italy
G. Alberoni, A. Ciriani, M. Banorri, M. Collina, A. Brunelli

Effects of Iprovalicarb on the Development and Morphology of 279
Various Phytophthora and Pythium Species
A.-K. Mahlein, E.-Ch. Oerke, H.-W. Dehne, U. Steiner

Powdery Mildew of Cucurbits: Fungicide Resistance in Pathogen
285
Populations of Southern Spain
D. Bellón, F.J. López-Ruiz, J.M. Sánchez-Pulido, C. Jousseaume,
A. Pérez-García, J.A. Toréz

Mechanisms of Fungicide Resistance in the Apple Powdery Mildew 289
Fungus Podosphaera leucotricha
C. Kröling, O.Krieghoff, H.B. Deising

Poor Fungicide Control of Cercospora Leaf Spot on Sugar Beet in 295
Switzerland: Sensitivity Monitoring of C. beticola Isolates
S. Schürch

Determination of the Potato Sprout Inhibitor Chlopropham and its 297
Metabolite 3-Chloroaniline in Potato Samples
N.S. Mohammed, T.H. Flowers, H.J. Duncan

Azole Resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus: Collateral Damage of 301
Fungicide Use?
P.E. Verweij, W.J.G. Melchers, and G.H.J. Kema

PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROPERTIES INFLUENCING
FUNGICIDE EFFICACY

Impact of Physicochemical Parameters on Fungicide Activity 307
R. Pontzen, P. Baur

New Approaches to Optimize Spray Efficacy and Foliar Uptake 317
H. Auweter, R. Berghaus, T. Levy, M. Nolte

VII
Persistent Identifier: urn:nbn:de:0294-sp-2011-Reinh-8
NATURAL ANTIFUNGAL COMPOUNDS

Allicin from Garlic, Effective in Controlling Several Plant Diseases, is 325
a Reactive Sulfur Species (RSS) that Pushes Cells into Apoptosis
M.C. Gruhlke, I. Nwachwukwu, M. Arbach, A. Anwar, U. Noll,
A.J. Slusarenko

A Putative Pathway of Apoptosis-Induction by Allicin from Garlic 331
(Allium sativum L.)
M.C. Gruhlke, D. Portz, A.J. Slusarenko

A Transposon Mutagenesis Strategy to Investigate Resistance Against 335
Allicin in a Garlic-Associated Pseudomonad
I.D. Nwachukwu, D. Portz, A.J. Slusarenko

Biological Activity and Mode of Action of Serenade® 339
I. Siepe, J.-B. Speakman, K. Klappach, M. Scherer, D. Manker,
S. Schlehuber

Antifungal and Herbicidal Activity of Rosmarinus officinalis L. and 347
Pelargonium odoratissimum (L.)L'Her. Essential Oil
A. Salamone, S. Lazzara, M. Verdeguer, H. Boira, M.A. Blázquez

Influence of Cotton Plant Antifungal Compounds on Verticillium 355
dahliae
T.A. Vlasova

Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi to Improve 361
Productivity of Vicia faba (L.)
E.V. Yurina, T.P.Yurina

Influence of Fungitoxic Plants on Formation Arbuscular Mycorrhizal 363
Fungi and Development of Wheat
T.P. Yurina

Bacterial Blight Disease on Fennel Plants in Egypt 365
M.A. Ismail

Response of Sunflower Hybrids to some Antioxidants and Stem Rot 371
Caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum
M.A. Ismail

Fluorescent Characteristics and Yield Structure of Barley Treated 377
with Supercritical Fluid Extracts from Reynoutria sachalinensis
V.A. Karavaev, L.E. Gunar, A.G. Myakinkov, S.A. Glazunova,
M.K. Solntsev

VIII
Persistent Identifier: urn:nbn:de:0294-sp-2011-Reinh-8
Effect of Supercritical Fluid Extracts from Reynoutria sachalinensis 379
on Photosynthetic Apparatus of Bean Leaves
M.K. Solntsev, S.A. Glazunova, O.I. Pokrovskiy, O.O. Parenago,
L.E. Gunar, V.A. Karavaev

The Action of 3-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole on Early Developmental Stages 381
of the Wheat Powdery Mildew Pathogen
A.V. Babosha, G.A. Avetisyan, A.S. Ryabchenko, T.V. Avetisyan

Regularities of Direction Relative to the Axis of Wheat Leaf for 385
Growth of Wheat Powdery Mildew Infection Structures
A.S. Ryabchenko, A.V. Babosha ,T.V. Avetisyan

CONTROL OF MYCOTOXIN-FORMING PATHOGENS AND
MYCOTOXIN CONTAMINATION

Role of Resistance and Fungicide Use in Preventing Mycotoxin 389
Contamination of Cereal Commodities
Á. Mesterházy, S. Lehoczki-Krsjak, A. Szabó-Hevér, B. Tóth, M. Varga,
L. Farády, Cs. Kótai

Patterns of Fusarium Head Blight and Mycotoxin Contamination in 401
Wheat
C. Sommer, S. Zühlke, U. Steiner, E.-C. Oerke, H.-W. Dehne

The Role of Innovative Formulation Technology in the Reduction of 405
Mycotoxin Levels on Wheat
D. Strobel, P. Miller, H.D. Brix, R. Berghaus, M. Nolte, M. Semar

The Cyp51c Gene, a Novel and Useful Phylogenetic Marker to 413
Distinguish Different Fusarium Species on Cereals
D. Fernández-Ortuño, E. Loza-Reyes, S.L. Rogers, B.A. Fraaije

New Insights in the Mode of Action of Thiophanate-Methyl 417
T. Hirschfeld, F. Ellner, H. Buschhaus, M. Goßmann

Fitness of Thiophanate-Methyl-Resistant Isolates of Botrytis cinerea 423
J. Derpmann, U. Steiner, H. Buschhaus, H.W. Dehne

Fungicide Sensitivity, Fitness and Mycotoxin Production of 429
Penicillium expansum Field Isolates from Apple
G.A. Bardas, E.G. Doukas, S. Konstantinou, I. Kalampokis,
A.N. Markoglou, G.S. Karaoglanidis

Index 434
IX