Modern Fruit Science Orchard and Small Fruit Culture PDF
Preview Modern Fruit Science Orchard and Small Fruit Culture
Modern FRUIT SCIENCE By Norman Childers F. Mary Edwards and Rick Breeden are college majors in pomology (Fruit Science) and business administration. They are from successful Illinois fruit grower families. While at home, they assist in theorchards, the public Pick- Your-Own operation and theirroadside markets. J The Delicious apple leads around the world. In North America, Delicious ranks first with Golden Delicious se- cond. The Stark Bros. Nurseries and Orchards Co.. Louisiana. Missouri 63353, found and promoted these remarkable cultivars since the early 1900s. The Delicious strain above is 'Redchief from Hilltop Nurseries. Hart- ford. Michigan 49057. for which grateful acknowledgement is given forthe photograph. x-g^ Modern Fruit Science OrchardandSmallFruit Culture NORMAN FRANKLIN CHILDERS AdjunctProfessorofFruitCrops, UniversityofFlorida, Gainesville, 32611 FormerlyM.A BlakeProfessorandResearch SpecialistofHorticulture . — Rutgers University TheState UniversityofNewJersey AssistantDirectorandSeniorPlantPhysiologist UnitedStatesDepartmentofAgricultureExperimentalStation inPuertoRico AssociateinHorticulture, OhioAgriculturalExperimentStation AssistantProfessorinHorticulture, TheOhio State University Instructor, CornellUniversity PLEASE ORDER ADDITIONAL BOOKS FROM: HORTICULTURAL PUBLICATIONS NW 3906 31 Place Gainesville, Florida 32606 NORMAN F. CHILDERS, Author AdjunctProfessorofFruitCrops, UniversityofFlorida, Gainesville32661 The Cover These college students, son and daughter of prominent fruit growers, are Rick Breeden from Illinois who went to the University of Wisconsin, River Falls, majoring in business, and Mary Edwards also of Illinois, who attended Michigan State University, East Lansing, majoring in pomology. Bothassistedin orchardduties at homeand took part in operatingtheirroadsidemarketstohelpthem financetheircollegetraining. Dr. WayneB. Sherman(above) discussesthe fruit breeding program with peaches at theUniversityof Florida, Gainesville, with undergraduates and graduate students working toward advanced degrees. Dr. Paul M. Lyrene (below) discusses blueberry breeding for the milder climates. Students trained in temperate and tropical and subtropical fruits have the advantage ofbeing qualified for a wider scope ofjobsongraduation. (PhotographscourtesySteveHiss, UniversityofFlorida). Ill The Pick-Your-Own (PYO) method of harvesting both tree and small fruits has become popular, particularly where there are plentyof peopleandcompetitionamonglocalgrowersisnotserious. Thegrowergets 100% oftheconsumer'sdollarimmediately. (Mark Robson, RutgersUniversity). IV Contents I: Introduction 1 II: Apple Regions, Production, andCultivars 9 III: EstablishingtheFruit Planting 18 IV: PruningAppleTrees 40 V: Soil Management forApples 59 VI: Flower-BudFormation, PoUination, and Fruit Set in theApple 78 VII: ThinningAppleFruitsandAlternateBearing... 90 VIII: Graftingand BuddingTrees 102 IX: Freezing Injury toApples 115 X: Harvesting, Packingand ProcessingApples. 123 . . . XI: StoringApples 147 XII: MarketingApples 170 XIII: Pearand QuinceCulture 180 XIV: Peach, Nectarine, Apricot andAlmond 203 XV: CultureofPlums 242 XVI: CherryCulture 260 XVII: Edible Nuts, Minor FruitCrops 283 XVIII: Control ofInsects and Diseases 321 XIX: Frost and DrouthControl 391 XX: GrapeGrowing 411 XXI: StrawberryGrowing 451 XXII: Bush BerryCulture 481 XXIII: SomeHomeFruitGardenTips 521 Appendix 523 Index 578 Anorchardin fullbloomisabeautifulsight. ThissceneisinBucksCounty, Pennsylvania. vi This is a deciduous fruit growing region in West Germany. Vineyards are contoured on the river banks. Fruit trees on the level area arelargelyondwarfingstocks. (CourtesythelateF. Hilkenbaumer, InstitutFurObstbauderUniversitatderBonn, Germany.) CopyrightEditions: Ninth, Copyright 1983 Fourth, Copyright 1972 (completerevision) (reprinted) Eighth, Copyright 1981 Fourth, Copyright 1969 (reprinted) (completerevision) Eighth, Copyright 1978 Third, Copyright 1966 (completerevision) (slight revision) Seventh, Copyright 1976 Second, Copyright 1961 (slight revision) (completerevision) Sixth, Copyright 1975 First,Copyright 1949 (slight revision) (J.B. LippincottCo., Chicago) Fifth, Copyright 1973 (secondprinting, 1950) (completerevision) (thirdprinting, 1952) (fourthprinting, 1954) By NormanF. Childers, Publisher All rights reserved. Except for use in a review, the reproduction and use ofthis book in any form or by any electronic, mechanical or other means, known now or hereinafter invented, including xerography, photocopying and recording, and in the information storage andretrievalsystemis forbiddenwithoutthewrittempermissionofthepublisher. U.S. LibraryofCongress CatalogueCardNumber80-8347 ISBNNumber0-938378-01-5 vu -,#fr u\wr'r^?r?j:.fe'Hr'^-- v:*^* ''^•r^ i^'^^rr^^^-r^f^i^p^ii mmmmm .-r' / Labrusca or "fox" type grapes are produced heavily in the Finger Lakes region of New York. This is Keuka Lake in mid winter. Con- cordistheleadingcultivar. (CourtesyJ. William Moffett, Editor, EasternGrapeGrowerand WineryNews) viii
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