Modern Developments in Powder Metallurgy: Volume 3 Development and Future Prospects PDF
Preview Modern Developments in Powder Metallurgy: Volume 3 Development and Future Prospects
MODERN DEVELOPMENTS IN POWDER METALLURGY Volume 3: Development and Future Prospects MODERN DEVELOPMENTS IN POWDER METALLURGY Edited by Henry H. Hausner Volume 1: Fundamentals and Methods Volume 2: Applications Volume 3: Development and Future Prospects MODERN DEVELOPMENTS IN POWDER METALLURGY Proceedings of the 1965 International Powder Metallurgy Conference, spon sored by the Metal Powder Industries Federation, the American Powder Metal lurgy Institute, and The Metallurgical Society of the American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical and Petroleum Engineers Editor Henry H. Hausner Adjunct Professor, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn and Consulting Engineer New York, N. Y. Volume 3 Development and Future Prospects <±? PLENUM PRESS· NEW YORK· 1966 These three-volume Proceedings of the 1965 International Powder Metallurgy Conference, published under the title Modern Developments in Powder Metallurgy, also comprise Volume 21 of the series Progress in Powder Metallurgy, published by the Metal Powder Industries Federation. ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-7714-6 e-ISBN-13: 978-1-4684-7712-2 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4684-7712-2 Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 61-65760 © 1966 Metal Powder Industries Federation and The Metallurgical Society of AIME. Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1s t edition 1966 Plenum Press A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation 227 West 17 Street, New York, N. Y. 10011 All rights reserved Introduction to Volume 3 What is the present status of powder metallurgy? Where does powder metallurgy go from here? How is powder metallurgy developing in various countries of the world? All these and many more topics were discussed at the International Powder Metallurgy Conference held in New York, June 14-17, 1965. Many papers dealing with the fundamental and practical aspects of powder metallurgy, as presented at this conference, were published in Volumes 1 and 2 of these proceedings. The present third volume contains 22 chapters, arranged in three sections, which deal mainly with practical aspects of powder metallurgy. The first section deals with the application of powder metallurgy in nuclear engineering. Materials such as the uranium carbides, uranium aluminides, and beryl lium are discussed in some detail. Data on infiltration technology and cladding mate rials for nuclear fuel elements are presented. The second section represents a review of powder metallurgy development from the superhard boron-silicon-carbon alloys to the ductile tungsten-base heavy alloys, including sintered friction materials, thermoelectric materials, cemented titanium carbide cutting tools, and materials of controlled porosity. All 13 chapters of the first and second sections deal with rather new applications of powder metallurgy, especially in the United States, U.S.S.R., Italy, and Poland. The nine chapters in the third section of this volume are introduced by a funda mental discussion on solid-state reactions in the treatment of powder metallurgy problems, followed by a rather short chapter on continuous compacting of metallic powders by the pioneer in powder metallurgy, Dr. Gerhard Naeser.l Both of these papers contain the theoretical-practical type of information which is most useful and stimulating for further development work. Three other chapters deal with the appli cations of powder metallurgy in the automobile industry, in general engineering design, and in space vehicle systems. These chapters indicate very well the direction in which powder metallurgy is headed at present. The last series of four papers in this volume give some indications of how powcler metallurgy is developing geographically, e.g., in countries as different as Brazil, Japan, Rumania, and the United States. Although the state of development is quite different in these four countries, all demonstrate a common fact: Powder metallurgy is growing in all parts of the world, and the rate of development is rapid. All the information given in this and the first two volumes permits us to draw a conclusion with respect to powder metallurgy progress during the next five years (1965-1970): Powder metallurgy is growing rapidly in various directions, and the prospects for development in the next five years are most promising. Henry H. Hausner Program Chairman International Powder Metallurgy New York, N. Y. Conference 1965 lAt the International Powder Metallurgy Conference 1965, Dr. Naeser received the Powder Metallurgy Pioneer Award from the Metal Powder Industries Federation. v Contents of Volume 3 Introduction to Volume 3 ............................................................................... . v Contents of Volume 1 ..................................................................................... . ix Contents of Volume 2 ................................................................................. . xi Nuclear Applications Activated Sintering of Uranium Monocarbide ............... . 3 J. P. Hammond and G. M. Adamson, Jr. The Use of Uranium Aluminide Powders in Nuclear Reactor Fuel Elements.... 26 G. W. Gibson and D. R. deBoisblanc Powder Metallurgy of AI-AI20a Composites (SAP) for Nuclear Applications 36 D. Gualandi and P. Jehenson Hot-Pressing of Electrolytic Grade CR Beryllium ......................................... . 60 W. G. Lidman and K. H. Moyer An Experimental Study Concerning Some Effects Occurring During Skeleton Infiltration with Liquid Metals .................... .................... ...................... 69 J. Frydrych, J. Leianski, and W. Rutkowski Cemented Carbide, Friction, Thermoelectric, Porous, and Heavy Metal Materials Cemented Titanium Carbide Cutting Tools........................................... 83 D. Moskowitz and M. Humenik, Jr. Investigations of Some Hard Alloys in the Boron-Silicon-Carbon System 95 G. A. Meerson The Elastic Modulus of Some Dispersed-Phase Composite Materials .... 105 R. H. Krock Theory and Applications of Controlled Permeability . 114 E. M. Cliffel, Jr., W. E. Smith, and A. D. Schwope Production and Properties of a New Porous Bearing 129 H. Youssef and M. Eudier Thermoelectric Materials from Powder Metallurgy ...................................... . 138 D. R. Thornburg, F. Emley, and D. H. Lane Sintered-Metal Friction Materials 160 B. T. Collins and C. P. Schneider Development of Ductile Tungsten-Base Heavy-Metal Alloys ........................... . 166 Jerome F. Kuzmick vii viii Contents of Volume 3 Research, Trends, and Future The Importance of Powder Metallurgical Techniques and Solid-State Reactions in the Treatment of Metallurgical Problems ........................................ 175 F. Benesovsky Powder Metallurgy Applications in Space Vehicle Systems .............................. 190 C. G. Goetzel and J. B. Rittenhouse On the Continuous Compaction of Metallic Powders ...................................... 202 Gerhard N aeser Sintered Metals in Engineering Design ............................................................ 206 S. W. McGee and E. R. Andreotti The Future of Sintered Metal in Automobiles .. ....... .................................. ........ 227 Robert Talmage Recent Trends of Powder Metallurgy Production and Research in Japan ........ 235 Sukeji Kachi Present and Future of Powder Metallurgy in Brazil .......................................... 246 Vicente Chiaverini Trends of Powder Metallurgy Development in Rumania.................................. 258 A. Dom~a Powder Metallurgy - The Jet-Age Challenge .................................................. 261 Kempton H. Roll Index ................................................................................................................ 273 Contents of Volume 1 Introduction to Volume 1 .................................................................................. vii Contents of Volume 2 ........... . xi Contents of Volume 3 . xiii Powder Production The Kinetics of Direct Reduction of Iron Oxides with Methane ........................ 3 Alexandru Dom~a, Ludovic Szabo, Zeno Spirchez, and AttHa PaIfalvi Effect of Addition Agents on the Properties of Nickel Powders Produced by Hydrogen Reduction .......................................................................... 15 W. Kunda, D. J. I. Evans, and V. N. Mackiw The Effect of Ternary Elements on the Physical Properties of Air-Atomized 85/15 Copper-Zinc Powders and Green and Sintered Compacts ........ 50 E. Fetz and R. L. Cavanagh Powder Testing and Mixing Processes Involved in Mixing and Segregation of Metal Powders............ 91 F. Eisenkolb Particle-Size Analysis in Cemented Carbide Technology.................................. 106 H. F. Fischmeister, H. E. Exner, and G. LindelOf Rapid Particle-Size Analysis of Metal Powders with an Electronic Device........ 125 William J. Ullrich The Morphology and Size Analysis of Fine Metal Powders ............................ 144 Minoru Ozasa and Hiroshi Fukuma Consolidation of Powders The Porosity-Pressure Curve and its Relation to the Pore-Size Distribution in Iron Powder Compacts ................................................ ....................... 155 Gerhard Bockstiegel Isostatic Pressing for High-Volume Production ............................................. ... 188 Harry C. Jackson A New Technology Based on Submicron Powders............................................ 194 C. G. Goetzel and M. A. Steinberg The Processing of High-Purity Copper Powder into Mill Shapes ...................... 209 Harold H. Hirsch ix x Contents of Volume 1 The Theoretical Optimum Rolling Speed in Powder Compaction 247 P. E. Evans Some Characteristics of Hot-Extruded Powder Metal Billets. 253 C. R. Shakespeare and D. A. Oliver, C.B.E. Slip-Casting of Copper Powder ..... . 266 Harry V. Sulinski and S. Lipson Sintering Mechanisms Creep Mechanisms and Their Role in the Sintering of Metal Powders ........... . 281 F. V. Lenel and G. S. Ansell On the Mechanisms of Sintering ........... . 297 M. H. Tikkanen and S. YHisaari The Relationship Between Surface Area and Density in the Second-Stage Sintering of Metals .. ... .......... ... .. ...... .................. .............. 310 R. T. DeHoff, R. A. Rummel, H. P. LaBuff, and F. N. Rhines Sintering of Crystalline Oxides ...................................................................... . 332 G. C. Kuczynski Comparison of Sintering Mechanisms in Some Carbides, Oxides, and Metals.... 345 H. J. Oel Investigation of the Sintering Process During Formation of Solid Solutions .. 361 F. Thtimmler and W. Thomma The Sintering of Iron-Germanium Powder Mixtures ...................................... . 376 G. Cizeron Index ................................................................................................................ 395
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