Models of Madness: Psychological, Social and Biological Approaches to Psychosis PDF
Preview Models of Madness: Psychological, Social and Biological Approaches to Psychosis
MODELS OF MADNESS This second edition of Models of Madness challenges the simplistic, pessimistic and often damaging theories and treatments of the ‘medical model’ of madness. Psychiatric diagnoses and medications are based on the false premise that human misery and distress are caused by chem- ical imbalances and genetic predispositions, and ignore the social causes of psychosis and what psychiatrists call ‘schizophrenia’. This edition updates the now extensive body of research showing that hallucinations, delusions etc. are best understood as reactions to adverse life events and that psychological and social approaches to helping are more effective and far safer than psychiatric drugs and electroshock treatment. A new fi nal chapter discusses why such a damaging ideology has come to dominate mental health and, most importantly, how to change that. Models of Madness is divided into three sections: (cid:129) Section One provides a history of madness, including examples of violence against the ‘mentally ill’, before critiquing the theories and treatments of contemporary biological psychiatry and documenting the corrupting infl uence of drug companies. (cid:129) Section Two summarises the research showing that hallucinations, delusions etc. are primarily caused by adverse life events (eg. parental loss, bullying, abuse and neglect in childhood, poverty, etc) and can be understood using psychological models ranging from cognitive to psychodynamic. (cid:129) Section Three presents the evidence for a range of effective psychological and social approaches to treatment, from cognitive and family therapy to primary prevention. This book brings together thirty- seven contributors from ten countries and a wide range of scientifi c disciplines. It provides an evidence- based, optimistic antidote to the pessimism of biological psychiatry. Models of Madness will be essential reading for all involved in mental health, including service users, family members, service managers, policy makers, nurses, clin- ical psychologists, psychiatrists, psychotherapists, counsellors, psychoanalysts, social workers, occupational therapists and art therapists. John Read is a Professor of Clinical Psychology at the University of Liverpool and is Editor of the scientifi c journal Psychosis: Psychological, Social and Integrative Approaches . He is author of numerous books and over 100 research articles. In 2010 Professor Read was awarded the New Zealand Psychological Society’s Hunter Award, presented, every three years, for excellence in scholarship and contribution to the profession. Jacqui Dillon is a campaigner, writer, international speaker and trainer specialising in hearing voices, psychosis, dissociation, trauma, abuse, healing and recovery. She is the national Chair of the Hearing Voices Network in England, a Board member of Intervoice – the International Network for Training, Education and Research into Hearing Voices. Jacqui is an Honorary Lecturer in Clinical Psychology at the University of East London. This is her third co- edited book about psychosis. The Book Series of The International Society for Psychological and Social Approaches to Psychosis Series editors: Brian Martindale and Alison Summers ISPS (The International Society for Psychological and Social Approaches to Psychosis) has a history stretching back more than fi fty years during which it has witnessed the relentless pursuit of biological explanations for psychosis. The tide has been turning in recent years and there is a welcome international resurgence of interest in a range of psychological factors that have considerable explanatory power and therapeutic possibilities. Governments, professional groups, people with personal experience of psychosis and family members are increasingly expecting interventions that involve more talking and listening. Many now regard practitioners skilled in psychological therapies as an essential component of the care of people with psychosis. ISPS is a global society. It aims to promote psychological and social approaches both to understanding and to treating psychosis. It also aims to bring together different perspectives on these issues. ISPS is composed of individuals, networks and institutional members from a wide range of backgrounds and is especially concerned that those with personal experience of psychosis and their family members are fully involved in our activities alongside practitioners and researchers, and that all benefi t from this. Our members recognise the potential humanitarian and therapeutic potential of skilled psychological understanding and therapy in the fi eld of psychosis and ISPS embraces a wide spectrum of approaches from psychodynamic, systemic, cognitive, and arts therapies to the need- adapted approaches, family and group therapies and residential therapeutic communities. We are also most interested in establishing meaningful dialogue with those practitioners and researchers who are more familiar with biological- based approaches. There is increasing empirical evidence for the interaction of genes and biology with the emotional and social environment, and there are impor- tant examples of such interactions in the fi elds of trauma, attachment rela- tionships in the family and in social settings and with professionals. ISPS activities include regular international and national conferences, newsletters and email discussion groups. Routledge has recognised the impor- tance of our fi eld in publishing both the book series and the ISPS journal: Psychosis – Psychological, Social and Integrative Approaches with the two complementing one another. The book series started in 2004 and by 2013 had 15 volumes with several more in preparation. A wide range of topics are covered and we hope this refl ects some success in our aim of bringing together a rich range of perspectives. The book series is intended as a resource for a broad range of mental health professionals as well as those developing and implementing policy and people whose interest in psychosis is at a personal level. We aim for rigorous academic standards and at the same time accessibility to a wide range of readers, and for the books to promote the ideas of clinicians and researchers who may be well known in some countries but not so familiar in others. Our overall intention is to encourage the dissemination of existing knowledge and ideas, promote produc- tive debate, and encourage more research in a most important fi eld whose secrets certainly do not all reside in the neurosciences. For more information about ISPS, email [email protected] or visit our website, www.isps.org . For more information about the journal P sychosis visit www.isps.org/index. php/publications/journal MODELS OF MADNESS: PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL AND BIOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO SCHIZOPHRENIA First edition Edited by John Read, Loren R. Mosher & Richard P. Bentall PSYCHOSES: AN INTEGRATIVE PERSPECTIVE Edited by Johan Cullberg EVOLVING PSYCHOSIS: DIFFERENT STAGES, DIFFERENT TREATMENTS Edited by Jan Olav Johanessen, Brian V. Martindale & Johan Cullberg FAMILY AND MULTI-FAMILY WORK WITH PSYCHOSIS Gerd-Ragna Block Thorsen, Trond Gronnestad & Anne Lise Oxenvad EXPERIENCES OF MENTAL HEALTH IN-PATIENT CARE: NARRATIVES FROM SERVICE USERS, CARERS AND PROFESSIONALS Edited by Mark Hardcastle, David Kennard, Sheila Grandison & Leonard Fagin PSYCHOTHERAPIES FOR THE PSYCHOSES: THEORETICAL, CULTURAL, AND CLINICAL INTEGRATION Edited by John Gleeson, Eión Killackey & Helen Krstev THERAPEUTIC COMMUNITIES FOR PSYCHOSIS: PHILOSOPHY, HISTORY AND CLINICAL PRACTICE Edited by John Gale, Alba Realpe & Enrico Pedriali BEYOND MEDICATION: THERAPEUTIC ENGAGEMENT AND THE RECOVERY FROM PSYCHOSIS Edited by David Garfi eld & Daniel Mackler MAKING SENSE OF MADNESS: CONTESTING THE MEANING OF SCHIZOPHRENIA Jim Geekie & John Read PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC APPROACHES TO SCHIZOPHRENIA PSYCHOSIS Edited by Yrjö O. Alanen, Manuel González de Chávez, Ann-Louise S. Silver & Brian Martindale CBT FOR PSYCHOSIS: A SYMPTOM-BASED APPROACH Edited by Roger Hagen, Douglas Turkington, Torkil Berge & Rolf W. Gråwe PSYCHOSIS AS A PERSONAL CRISIS: AN EXPERIENCE-BASED APPROACH Edited by Marius Romme & Sandra Escher PSYCHOSIS AND EMOTION: THE ROLE OF EMOTIONS IN UNDERSTANDING PSYCHOSIS, THERAPY AND RECOVERY Edited by Andrew Gumley, Alf Gillham, Kathy Taylor & Matthias Schwannauer EXPERIENCING PSYCHOSIS: PERSONAL AND PROFESSIONAL PERSPECTIVES Edited by Jim Geekie, Patte Randal, Debra Lampshire & John Read INSANITY AND DIVINITY: PHILOSOPHICAL AND PSYCHOANALYTIC STUDIES IN PSYCHOSIS AND SPIRITUALITY Edited by John Gale SURVIVING, EXISTING, OR LIVING: PHASE-SPECIFIC THERAPY FOR SEVERE PSYCHOSIS Pamela Fuller MODELS OF MADNESS: PSYCHOLOGICAL, SOCIAL AND BIOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO PSYCHOSIS Second edition Edited by John Read & Jacqui Dillon MODELS OF MADNESS Psychological, social and biological approaches to psychosis Second edition Edited by John Read and Jacqui Dillon Second edition published 2013 by Routledge 27 Church Road, Hove, East Sussex BN3 2FA Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2013 John Read and Jacqui Dillon The right of John Read and Jacqui Dillon to be identifi ed as the author of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters, has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice : Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identifi cation and explanation without intent to infringe. First edition published by Routledge 2004 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Models of madness: psychological, social, and biological approaches to psychosis / edited by John Read and Jacqui Dillon. — 2nd edition. pages cm. — (The book series of the International Society for Psychological and Social Approaches to Psychosis, ISSN 1745-7483) Includes bibliographical references and index. 1. Schizophrenia. 2. Schizophrenia—Social aspects. I. Read, John, 1952– editor of compilation. II. Dillon, Jacqui, editor of compilation. RC514.M5485 2013 616.89'8—dc23 2012047192 ISBN: 978–0–415–57952–0 (hbk) ISBN: 978–0–415–57953–7 (pbk) ISBN: 978–0–203–52716–0 (ebk) Typeset in Garamond by Refi neCatch Limited, Bungay, Suffolk CONTENTS L ist of tables and fi gures xi E ditors’ bibliographics xiii L ist of contributors xv P reface to the fi rst edition xviii P reface to the second edition xxi F orewords xxiii PART I The illness model of psychosis 1 1 ‘Schizophrenia’ is not an illness 3 JOHN READ, LOREN MOSHER AND RICHARD BENTALL 2 A history of madness 9 JOHN READ 3 The invention of ‘schizophrenia’: Kraepelin and Bleuler 20 JOHN READ 4 Genetics, eugenics and the mass murder of ‘schizophrenics’ 34 JOHN READ AND JEFFREY MASSON 5 Does ‘schizophrenia’ exist? Reliability and validity 47 JOHN READ vii CONTENTS 6 Biological psychiatry’s lost cause: The ‘schizophrenic’ brain 62 JOHN READ 7 ‘Schizophrenia’ and heredity: Why the emperor (still) has no genes 72 JAY JOSEPH 8 Electroconvulsive therapy 90 JOHN READ, RICHARD BENTALL, LUCY JOHNSTONE, ROAR FOSSE AND PAT BRACKEN 9 Antipsychotic drugs 105 PAUL HUTTON, STEFAN WEINMANN, JOHN BOLA AND JOHN READ 10 Drug companies and ‘schizophrenia’: Unbridled capitalism meets madness 125 LOREN MOSHER, RICHARD GOSDEN AND SHARON BEDER PART II Social and psychological approaches to understanding madness 141 11 Public beliefs about the causes of ‘schizophrenia’: Bad things happen and can drive you crazy 143 JOHN READ, LORENZA MAGLIANO AND VANESSA BEAVAN 12 Prejudice, stigma and ‘schizophrenia’: The role of bio-g enetic ideology 157 JOHN READ, NICK HASLAM AND LORENZA MAGLIANO 13 Listening to the voices we hear: Clients’ understandings of psychotic experiences 178 JIM GEEKIE 14 Psychosis, poverty and ethnicity 191 JOHN READ, LUCY JOHNSTONE AND MELISSA TAITIMU 15 Gender and psychosis 210 JOHN READ AND VANESSA BEAVAN viii CONTENTS 16 Understanding psychotic symptoms: Cognitive and integrative models 220 RICHARD BENTALL 17 Psychodynamic approaches to understanding psychosis: Defenses against terror 238 BRIAN KOEHLER, ANN-LOUISE SILVER AND BERTRAM KARON 18 Childhood adversity and psychosis: From heresy to certainty 249 JOHN READ 19 Psychosis and families: Intergenerational parenting problems 276 JOHN READ AND FRED SEYMOUR PART III Social and psychological approaches to responding to madness 293 20 Prevention of psychosis: Creating societies where more people fl ourish 295 JUDI CLEMENTS AND EMMA DAVIES 21 The work of experience-b ased experts 305 JACQUI DILLON, PETER BULLIMORE, DEBRA LAMPSHIRE AND JUDI CHAMBERLIN 22 Cognitive therapy for people experiencing psychosis 319 ANTHONY MORRISON 23 Psychodynamic psychotherapy for psychosis: Empirical evidence 336 ALISON SUMMERS AND BENT ROSENBAUM 24 The development of early intervention services 345 JAN OLAV JOHANNESSEN, INGE JOA, TOR K LARSEN AND JOHANNES LANGEVELD ix
The list of books you might like
