Modelling with AutoCAD 2002

344 Pages·2002·13.595 MB·English

by  Robert McFarlane

modelling with AutoCAD.qxd 17/06/2002 15:37 Page i
Modelling with
AutoCAD 2002
modelling with AutoCAD.qxd 17/06/2002 15:37 Page ii
Other titles from Bob McFarlane
Beginning AutoCAD ISBN 0 340 58571 4
Progressing with AutoCAD ISBN 0 340 60173 6
Introducing 3D AutoCAD ISBN 0 340 61456 0
Solid Modelling with AutoCAD ISBN 0 340 63204 6
Assignments in AutoCAD ISBN 0 340 69181 6
Starting with AutoCAD LT ISBN 0 340 62543 0
Advancing with AutoCAD LT ISBN 0 340 64579 2
3D Draughting using AutoCAD ISBN 0 340 67782 1
Beginning AutoCAD R13 for Windows ISBN 0 340 64572 5
Advancing with AutoCAD R13 for Windows ISBN 0 340 69187 5
Modelling with AutoCAD R13 for Windows ISBN0 340 69251 0
Using AutoLISP with AutoCAD ISBN0 340 72016 6
Beginning AutoCAD R14 for Windows NT and Windows 95 ISBN0 340 72017 4
Advancing with AutoCAD R14 for Windows NT and Windows 95 ISBN 0 340 74053 1
Modelling with AutoCAD R14 for Windows NT and Windows 95 ISBN 0 340 73161 3
An Introduction to AEC 5.1 with AutoCAD R14 ISBN0 340 74185 6
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Modelling with
AutoCAD 2002
Bob McFarlane
MSc, BSc, ARCST
CEng, FIED, RCADDes
MIMechE, MIEE, MIMgt, MBCS, MCSD
Curriculum Manager CAD and New Media, Motherwell College,
Autodesk Educational Developer
OXFORD AMSTERDAM BOSTON LONDON NEW YORK PARIS
SAN DIEGO SAN FRANCISCO SINGAPORE SYDNEY TOKYO
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Butterworth-Heinemann
An imprint of Elsevier Science
Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP
225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041
First published 2002
Copyright © 2002, R. McFarlane. All rights reserved
The right of Bob McFarlane to be identified as the author of this work has
been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
No part of this publication may be reproduced in any material form (including
photocopying or storing in any medium by electronic means and whether or
not transiently or incidentally to some other use of this publication) without
the written permission of the copyright holder except in accordance with the
provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms
of a licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham
Court Road, London, England W1T 4LP. Applications for the copyright
holder’s written permission to reproduce any part of this publication
should be addressed to the publisher
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the Library of Congress
ISBN 0 7506 5611 5
For information on all Butterworth-Heinemann
publications visit our website at www.bh.com
Produced and typeset by Gray Publishing, Tunbridge Wells, Kent
Printed and bound in Great Britain by Bath Press, Avon
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Contents
Preface vii
Chapter 1 The 3D standard sheet 1
Chapter 2 Extruded 3D models 5
Chapter 3 The UCS and 3D coordinates 14
Chapter 4 Creating a 3D wire-frame model 24
Chapter 5 The UCS 32
Chapter 6 The modify commands with 3D models 44
Chapter 7 Dimensioning in 3D 47
Chapter 8 Hatching in 3D 52
Chapter 9 Tiled viewports 56
Chapter 10 3D views (Viewpoint) 64
Chapter 11 Model space and paper space and untiled viewports 83
Chapter 12 New 3D multiple viewport standard sheet 91
Chapter 13 Surface modelling 100
Chapter 14 3DFACE and PFACE 110
Chapter 15 3DMESH 110
Chapter 16 Ruled surface 113
Chapter 17 Tabulated surface 121
Chapter 18 Revolved surface 123
Chapter 19 Edge surface 127
Chapter 20 3D polyline 133
Chapter 21 3D objects 136
Chapter 22 3D geometry commands 139
Chapter 23 Blocks and Wblocks in 3D 151
Chapter 24 Dynamic viewing 161
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vi Modelling with AutoCAD 2002
Chapter 25 Viewport specific layers 169
Chapter 26 Shading and 3D orbit 173
Chapter 27 Introduction to solid modelling 179
Chapter 28 The basic solid primitives 184
Chapter 29 The swept solid primitives 196
Chapter 30 Boolean operations and composite solids 205
Chapter 31 Composite model 1 – a machine support 209
Chapter 32 Composite model 2 – a backing plate 214
Chapter 33 Composite model 3 – a flange and pipe 219
Chapter 34 The edge primitives 222
Chapter 35 Solids editing 228
Chapter 36 Regions 235
Chapter 37 Inquiring into solids 241
Chapter 38 Slicing and sectioning solid models 247
Chapter 39 Profiles and true shapes 255
Chapter 40 Dimensioning in model and paper space 262
Chapter 41 A detailed drawing 267
Chapter 42 Blocks, wblocks and external references 273
Chapter 43 The setup commands 286
Chapter 44 The final composite 295
Chapter 45 Rendering 302
Chapter 46 Publishing to the web 312
Chapter 47 Students’ models 316
Activities 323
Index 335
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Preface
This book is intended for the AutoCAD 2002 user who wants to learn about modelling.
My aim is to demonstrate how the user can create 3D wire-frame models, surface models
and solid models with practical exercises backed up by user activities. The concept of
how multiple viewports can be used to enhance drawing productivity will also be
discussed in detail. The user will also be introduced to rendering.
The book will provide an invaluable aid to a wide variety of users, ranging from the
capable to the competent. The book will assist students on any national course which
requires 3D draughting and solid modelling, e.g. City and Guilds, BTEC and SQA as well
as students at higher institutions. Users in industry will find the book useful as a
reference and an ‘inspiration’. The book will also prove useful to the Design/Technology
departments in schools who are now becoming more involved in computer aided design.
Reader requirements
The following are the requirements I consider important for using the book:
a) the ability to draw with AutoCAD 2002
b) the ability to use icons and toolbars
c) an understanding of how to use dialogue boxes
d) the ability to open and save drawings to a named folder
e) a knowledge of model/paper space would be an advantage, although this is not
essential
Using the book
The book is essentially a self-teaching package with the reader working interactively
through exercises using information supplied. The various prompts and responses will
be listed in order and icons and dialogue boxes will be included where appropriate.
The following points are important:
a) All drawing work should be saved to a named folder. The folder name is at your
discretion but I will refer to it as MODR2002, e.g. open drawing
MODR2002\MODEL1 or similar
b) Icons will be displayed the first time is used
c) Menu bar selection will be in bold type, e.g. Draw-Surfaces-3D Face
d) Keyboard entry will also be in bold type, e.g. VPOINT, UCSetc
e) Prompts will be in typewrite type, e.g. First corner
f) The symbol <R>will require the user to press the return/enter key.
Note
All the exercises and activities have been completed using AutoCAD 2002. I have tried
to correct any errors in the drawings and text, but if any error should occur, I apologise
for them and hope they do not spoil your learning experience. Modelling is an intriguing
topic and should give you satisfaction and enjoyment.
Any comments you have about how to improve the material in the book would be greatly
appreciated.
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To CIARA, our beautiful
grand-daughter
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Chapter 1
The 3D standard
sheet
To assist us with the models which will be created, a standard sheet (prototype drawing)
will be made with layers, a text style, dimension styles etc. This standard sheet will be
saved as both a drawing file and a template file. It will be modified/added to as the
chapters progress.
1 Start AutoCAD 2002 and:
prompt Startup dialogue box
respond pick Use a Wizard
prompt Startup (Use a Wizard) dialogue box
respond pick Advanced Setup then OK
prompt Advanced Setup dialogue box
respond select the following to the various steps:
a) Step 1 Units: Decimal; Precision 0.00; Next>
b) Step 2 Angle: Decimal Degrees; Precision 0.0; Next>
c) Step 3 Angle Measure: East(0); Next>
d) Step 4 Angle Direction: Counter-Clockwise(+); Next>
e) Step 5 Area: Width 420 and Length 297 (i.e. A3)
then pick Finish
and a blank screen will be displayed
2 Layers
Menu bar with Format-Layerand make the following new layers:
name colour linetype
MODEL RED continuous
TEXT GREEN continuous
DIM MAGENTA continuous
OBJECTS BLUE continuous
SECT number: 96 continuous
0 white continuous
NB: other layers will be added as required.
3 Text style
Menu bar with Format-Text Styleand make a new text style:
Name: ST1
Font: romans.shx
Height: 0; Width factor: 1; Oblique angle: 0
Apply then Close then dialogue box
4 Units
Menu bar with Format-Unitsand:
Units: Decimal with Precision: 0.00
Angle: Decimal Degrees with Precision: 0.0
Drawing units for DesignCenter blocks: Millimeters
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2 Modelling with AutoCAD 2002
5 Limits
Menu bar with Format-Drawing Limitsand:
prompt Specify lower left cornerand enter: 0,0 <R>
prompt Specify upper right cornerand enter: 420,297 <R>
6 Drafting Settings
Menu bar with Tools-Drafting Settingsand use the tabs to set:
a) Snap: 5 and grid: 10 – not generally used in 3D
b) Polar Tracking: off
c) Object Snap: off and all modes: clear
Object Snap Tracking: off
7 Dimension style
Menu bar with Dimension-Styleand:
prompt Dimension Style Manager dialogue box
respond pick New
prompt Create New Dimension Style dialogue box
respond 1. New Style Name: 3DSTD
2. Start With: ISO-25 (or similar)
3. Use for: All dimensions
4. pick Continue
prompt New Dimension Style: 3DSTD dialogue box
respond pick Lines and Arrows tab and alter:
1. Dimension Lines
a) Baseline spacing: 10
2. Extension Lines
a) Extend beyond dim lines: 2.5
b) Offset from origin: 2.5
3. Arrowheads
a) both Closed Filled
b) Leader: Closed Filled
c) Arrow size: 4
d) Center Mark for Circles: None
then pick Text tab and alter:
1. Text Appearance
a) Text Style: ST1
b) Text Height: 5
2. Text Placement
a) Vertical: Above
b) Horizontal: Centred
c) Offset from dim line: 1.5
3. Text Alignment
a) ISO Standard
then pick Fit tab and alter:
1. Fit Options
a) Either the text or the arrows active (black dot)
2. Text Placement
a) Beside the dimension line active
3. Scale for Dimension Features
a) Use overall scale of: 1
4. Fine tuning: both inactive, i.e. blank