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design and implementation of industrial control systems that involve He is an engineering safety consultant for Atkins with 9tr
the integration of programmable logic controllers, intelligent devices eHxapzearride nacnea liyns iSsa, fHetAyZ OCaPs we odrekvsehlooppsm, FeMntE aCnAd, sayusttheomrisn g, 2 ol
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Ma coodneclliisneg aCnodn ytreotl tShyosrtoeumgsh Uinstirnogd uIEcCtio 6n1 t4o9 t9h.e 2 mnda inE dciotionnce pprtos vaidneds mwoarnkaingge mgreonutp. sH dee wfinaisn gfo nrmewer lsyt aan dUaKr desx pfoerr ti nodnu stwtrioa l IEC Ed ys 2nd Edition
models defined in the standard. Topics covered include defining control software, covering distributed control systems (IEC it te
applications, systems, distributing applications on the system's devices, 61499) and PLC software (IEC 61131). io m
function blocks, structuring applications, service interface function Alois Zoitl leads the Industrial Automations research n
blocks, event function blocks, and examples of industrial applications. group at the research institute fortiss in Munich, Germany. s
He has conducted several research projects on distributed
This second edition has been significantly updated to reflect the adaptive automation systems and has given lectures
current second release of IEC 61499, including changes in the and consulted on IEC 61499 for more than ten years.
function block model, its execution, and the newly standardized XML He is co-author of more than 100 publications and the
exchange format for model artefacts, and to reflect lessons learned co-inventor of 4 patents. Dr. Zoitl is a founding member
from the author’s teaching of IEC 61499 over the last ten years. This of the open source initiatives 4DIAC and OpENer. He is a
member of the PLCopen user organization, consultant for
book will be of interest to research-led control and process engineers
CAN in Automation as well as the IEC SC65B/WG15 for
and students working in fields that require complex control systems
the distributed automation standard IEC 61499.
using networked based distributed control.
Z
o Alois Zoitl & Robert Lewis
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The Institution of Engineering and Technology
is
www.theiet.org
978-1-84919-760-1
Modelling Control Systems Using IEC 61499, 2nd Edition.indd 1 29/04/2014 20:51:20
IETCONTROL ENGINEERING SERIES 95
Modelling Control
Systems Using
IEC 61499
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Modelling Control
Systems Using
IEC 61499
2nd Edition
Alois Zoitl and Robert Lewis
The Institution ofEngineeringand Technology
PublishedbyTheInstitutionofEngineeringandTechnology,London,UnitedKingdom
TheInstitutionofEngineeringandTechnologyisregisteredasaCharityinEngland&
Wales(no.211014)andScotland(no.SC038698).
†2001,2014TheInstitutionofEngineeringandTechnology
Firstpublished2001
SecondEdition2014
ThispublicationiscopyrightundertheBerneConventionandtheUniversalCopyright
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orprivatestudy,orcriticismorreview,aspermittedundertheCopyright,Designsand
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ISBN978-1-84919-760-1(hardback)
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PrintedintheUKbyTJInternationalLtd,Cornwall
Contents
Foreword ix
Foreword xi
Preface xiii
Abbreviationsandconventions xvii
1 Introduction 1
1.1 IEC 61499 function block standard 5
1.2 Development of function block concept beyond IEC 61131-3 8
1.2.1 Global variables 10
1.2.2 Communicationsfunction blocks 11
1.3 Development of IEC 61499 12
1.4 Why usefunction blocks 14
1.5 System designviews 16
1.5.1 Logical view 17
1.5.2 Process view 17
1.5.3 Developmentview 18
1.5.4 Physical view 18
1.5.5 Scenarios 18
1.6 The future beyond IEC 61499 19
2 IEC61499 models andconcepts 21
2.1 Function block model 22
2.1.1 General characteristics 22
2.1.2 Execution model for function blocks 24
2.1.3 Function block types 27
2.2 Application model 28
2.3 System model 29
2.3.1 Overall system structure 29
2.3.2 Device model 30
2.3.3 Resource model 30
2.4 Distributionmodel 32
2.4.1 Mapping of applications 32
2.4.2 Platform specific configurations 34
2.5 Management model 34
2.5.1 Management applications 36
2.5.2 Operational state model of managed entities 37
vi Modelling control systems usingIEC 61499
2.6 Exchange format for IEC 61499 entities 39
2.6.1 Textual syntax for IEC 61499 entities 39
2.6.2 XML-exchange format 41
2.7 Summary 43
3 Defining functionblock types 45
3.1 Types and instances 45
3.2 Different form of function blocks 45
3.3 External interface declaration 46
3.3.1 Static interface declaration 47
3.3.2 Defining the dynamic interface behaviour 48
3.3.3 2out of 3 voter example 50
3.4 Defining basic function blocks 53
3.4.1 Internal behaviour 53
3.4.2 Execution control chart features 55
3.4.3 Execution of basic function blocks 56
3.4.4 Behaviourof instances of basic function blocks 59
3.4.5 Basic function block examples 59
3.5 Definition composite function blocks 62
3.5.1 Rules for composite function block type specification 62
3.5.2 Execution of composite function blocks 64
3.5.3 Composite function block example 64
3.6 Summary 68
4 Structuring applications 69
4.1 Applicationstructuring with subapplications 69
4.1.1 Rules for subapplication type specification 71
4.1.2 Rules for subapplication execution 72
4.1.3 Subapplicationexample 72
4.1.4 Subapplicationdistributed example 74
4.1.5 Guidelines for usingsubapplications 77
4.2 Structured interfaces usingadapters 78
4.2.1 Adapter concept 79
4.2.2 Defining adapter types 81
4.2.3 Modelling the behaviourof adapter types 82
4.2.4 Usingadapter types infunction blocks 83
4.2.5 Adapter interface usage example 85
4.2.6 Guidelines for usingadapters 88
4.3 Summary 88
5 Service interface functionblocks 91
5.1 Overview 91
5.2 Interface specifications 93
5.2.1 Standard inputs and outputs for service interface
function blocks 93
Contents vii
5.2.2 Service sequence diagrams forservice
interface function blocks 94
5.3 Type definitions 98
5.3.1 General service interface function block types 98
5.3.2 Example service interface function block types 100
5.3.3 Textualsyntax–serviceinterfacefunctionblockexample 101
5.4 Communicationservice interface function blocks 103
5.4.1 Function blocks forunidirectional transactions 103
5.4.2 Function blocks forbidirectional transactions 104
5.5 Management function blocks 106
5.5.1 Examples 108
5.5.2 Managed function blocks 108
5.6 Summary 109
6 Eventfunctionblocks 111
6.1 Overview 111
6.2 Standard event function block types 113
6.2.1 Event Splitter 114
6.2.2 Event Merger 114
6.2.3 Two Event Rendezvous 114
6.2.4 Permissive Event Propagator 116
6.2.5 Event Selector 116
6.2.6 Event Switch 117
6.2.7 Delayed Event Propagator 117
6.2.8 Restart Event Generator 118
6.2.9 Cyclic Event Generator 118
6.2.10 Event Train Generator 119
6.2.11 Event Train Table-driven Generator 120
6.2.12 Separate Event Table-driven Generator 121
6.2.13 Event-driven Bistable 122
6.2.14 D(data latch) Bistable 123
6.2.15 Boolean RisingEdge Detector 123
6.2.16 Boolean Falling Edge Detector 124
6.2.17 Event-driven UpCounter 125
6.3 Usingevent function blocks for event flow control 125
6.3.1 Basic event flowcontrol 125
6.3.2 Conditional event propagation 127
6.3.3 Modelling control tasks 128
6.4 Summary 129
7 Industrialapplication examples 131
7.1 Overview 131
7.2 Temperature controlexample 132
7.3 Conveyor test station example 135
7.3.1 Distributed system model 141
viii Modelling control systems usingIEC 61499
7.4 Fieldbus applications 143
7.4.1 Analogue input function block example 146
7.4.2 Further generalisation of the analogue input
function block 151
7.5 Concluding remarks 153
7.6 Summary 154
8 Epilogue 155
8.1 Current status of IEC 61499 155
8.2 Engineering Support Task 157
8.3 Compliance to IEC 61499 159
8.3.1 IEC 61499 compliance profiles 159
8.3.2 Device classes 160
8.4 Large-scale industrial applications 161
8.5 Summary 162
AppendixA Commonelements 165
AppendixB IEC61499Compliance Profile for Feasibility
Demonstrations 175
AppendixC Frequentlyaskedquestions(IEC61499 FAQ) 181
AppendixD PIDfunctionblockexample 191
AppendixE Exchange formats 207
AppendixF Bibliography 219
Index 221
Foreword
In early 1990, Technical Committee 65 of the International Electrotechnical
Commission (IEC TC65) initiated a project to develop a common architectural
model for the application of software modules called ‘function blocks’ in dis-
tributedindustrial-processmeasurementandcontrolsystems(IPMCS).Thismodel
wastoencompassIPMCSutilising‘Fieldbus’systemsasspecifiedinIEC61158as
well as IPMCS utilising the programming languages defined in Part 3 of the IEC
61131 standard for programmable controllers. This project resulted in the current
IEC 61499 standard forfunction blocks.
Due to the relative immaturity of the IEC 61158 project at the time of the
proposal,expertsandaprojectleaderwerenotavailableforthe61499projectuntil
approximately two years after its inception, at which time the first edition of IEC
61131-3 was also completed and available for reference. Because of the close
relationship between IEC 61131-3 and the projected IEC 61499, many of the
experts participating in the development of the latter came from the previous
61131-3 project, including Bob Lewis and myself.
Through a long process of systematic application of software engineering
and open systems principles, with intensive international review and revision, the
TC65/WG6expertsreachedconsensusonthebasicconceptsanddetailedtechnical
approach to the resolution of a number of fundamental issues. This resulted in the
publicationin2002-4ofIEC/PASs(PubliclyAvailableSpecifications)61499-1,-2
and -4,foratwo-year period oftrial implementations, aswell asIEC/TR61499-3
containingtutorialinformation.Thisinitialconsensuswasreflectedandthoroughly
explained in the first edition of the present book.
In the years to follow, the accumulation of experience in the adoption and
implementation of IEC 61499 resulted in the publication of 61499-1, -2 and -4 as
IEC Standards in 2005, and in second edition in 2012. Alois Zoitl was a key
member of the IEC working group during this period, as well as being one of the
primedevelopersofthewidelyused4DIACopen-sourcesoftwaretoolandruntime
platform for the development and implementation of IEC 61499 applications.
I would like to express my gratitude to Bob and Alois for bringing out this
updatededitionofBob’spioneeringbookonIEC61499.Itismyhopethatthiswill
provide the basic information needed to promote the ongoing industrial adoption
of IEC 61499, as well as serving as a textbook for courses in advanced industrial
process automation and control.
James H.Christensen
Cleveland Heights, Ohio USA
14December 2013
