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Modelling and Simulation of Power Generation Plants PDF

325 Pages·1994·7.62 MB·English
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Modelling and Simulation of Power Generation Plants Other titles published in this Series: Parallel Processing for Jet Engine Control Haydn A. Thompson Iterative Learning Control for Deterministic Systems Kevin L. Moore Parallel Processing in Digital Control D. Fabian Garcia Nocetti and Peter J. Fleming Intelligent Seam Tracking for Robotic Welding Nitin N ayak and Asok Ray Identification of Multivariable Industrial Processes for Simulation, Diagnosis and Control Yucai Zhu and Ton Backx Nonlinear Process Control: Applications of Generic Model Control Edited by Peter L. Lee Microcomputer-Based Adaptive Control Applied to Thyristor-Driven D-C Motors Ulrich Keuchel and Richard M. Stephan Expert Aided Control System Design Colin Tebbutt Modeling and Advanced Control for Process Industries Applications to Paper Making Processes Ming Rao, Qijun Xia and Yiqun Ying Robust Multivariable Flight Control Richard J. Adams, James M. Buffington, Andrew G. Sparks and Siva S. Banda A. W. Ordys, A. W. Pike, M. A. Johnson, R. M. Katebi and M. J. Grimble Modelling and Simulation of Power Generation Plants With 98 Figures Spri nger -Verlag London Berlin Heidelberg New York Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest Andrzej Ordys, MScEE, PhD Reza Katebi, BSc, MSc, PhD, MIEE, CEng, MIEEE Michael A. Johnson, BSc, DIC, MSc, PhD, FIMA, CMath, MIEEE Michael J. Grimble, BSc, BA, MSc, PhD, DSc, FlEEE, flEE, FInstMC, FIMA, CEng, CMath Industrial Control Centre University of Strathclyde 50 George Street Glasgow GllQE, Scotland, UK ISBN-13:978-1-4471-2116-9 e-ISBN-13:978-1-4471-2114-5 DOl: 10.1007/978-1-4471-2114-5 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, this publication may only be reproduced, stored or transmitted, in any form or by any means, with the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction in accordance with the terms of licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside those terms should be sent to the publishers. © Springer-Verlag London Limited 1994 Sof'tcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1994 The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. Typesetting: Camera-ready by authors 6913830-543210 Printed on acid-free paper For their love and support To my wife Anna and my children Szymon and Bartek Andrzej Ordys To my wife Niki, my sister Melissa, and to my Mother and Father Andrew Pike To Eleanor and Laurence, and my Mother and Father Michael Johnson To my wife Haleh, and to my children Raha and Imaon Reza Katebi To Wendy, Claire and Andrew and my Mother and Father Michael Grimble FOREWORD Many large-scale processes like refineries or power generation plant are constructed using the multi-vendor system and a main co-ordinating engineering contractor. With such a methodology. the key process units are installed complete with local proprietary control systems in place. Re-assessing the so called lower level control loop design or structure is becoming less feasible or desirable. Consequently, future comp~titive gains in large-scale industrial systems will arise from the closer and optimised global integration of the process sub-units. This is one of the inherent commercial themes which motivated the research reported in this monograph. To access the efficiency and feasibility of different large-scale system designs, the traditional tool has been the global steady-state analysis and energy balance. The process industries have many such tools encapsu lated as proprietary design software. However, to obtain a vital and critical insight into global process operation a dynamic model and simulation is necessary. Over the last decade, the whole state of the art in system simulation has irrevocably changed. The Graphical User Interface (G UI) and icon based simulation approach is now standard with hardware platforms becoming more and more powerful. This immediately opens the way to some new and advanced large-scale dynamic simulation developments. For example, click-together blocks from standard or specialised libraries of process units are perfectly feasible now. For the industrial user, some questions arise: is it really as easy as the enthusiasts claim or do GUI based simulations have hidden development overhead costs? Should a company invest the resources to refit and refurbish existing software, or should it await the arrival of proprietary software libraries? How large a dynamic simulation can be managed and run in realistic time by the new GUl based software tools? The research reported in this monograph was an exercise in system simulation feasibility. A fairly large-scale process, a Combined Heat and Power plant was devised and the task was to produce a dynamic simulation. Overall the sum total of personnel input was about 40 person months of effort: this includes all the preliminary research, review and documentation work. viii Foreword In the above discussion the generic features of the monograph have been emphasised. However, the applications area for the research are power generation plant, Combined Cycle and Combined Heat and Power. The objective of this phase of the overall research programme being the development of a process component software library where the blocks implement dynamic models. The outcome is a prototype simulation library of CC/CHP plants. The monograph covers all the development stages of the simulation from obtaining suitable models and assessing software tools to the construction of the simulation library and validation of process models blocks. Many of the questions above concerning the use of icon-based simulation tools were answered by the experience reported in this development. The question of global optimised power plant generation remains to be investigated in the second phase of this project. A word about the nature of the collaboration is in order. The research is funded by the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council of the United Kingdom. Our companies John Brown Engineering Ltd (Clydebank), a Trafalgar House Engineering Division Company and Scottish Power pIc are collaborating with the Industrial Control Centre of the University of Strathclyde in this research programme. Industry university collaboration has some very useful benefits for both partners, for example, the exchange of technical knowledge, and project manage ment to industrial standards or bench marks. This current collaboration continues a long and very fruitful association with the Centre at Strathclyde. 5th May, 1994 Colin Cloughley Control Systems Manager John Brown Engineering Ltd Roger Farnham Senior Engineer Technology Division' ScottishPower pic AUTHORS' PREFACE The role of combined cycle and combined heat and electrical power generation systems has become more important over recent years due to both technological advances and the changing needs of the energy market. The greater flexibility, high efficiency and the relatively low capital cost of such systems has made them very attractive both for large and small power producing agencies. Modern advanced simulation tools enable such systems to be rapidly analysed, aiding both the design process and the task of identifying improvements to existing systems. However, there is a need for the models to be ava:ilable and for these to have the right structure and form to be useful in such simulations. Given a full simulation of such a power system it is possible to consider supervisory control, total system optimisation and also improved regulating loop controls. This mono graph considers the first problem namely that of developing suitable models and selecting the simulation tools. There is some consideration of the control problem but this will be pursued in detail in a subsequent monograph. In fact the simulation which has been produced by the research enables different combined cycle and combined heat and power systems to be configured and analysed. The results to be described were generated from a Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council funded project with strong support from John Brown Engineering Ltd and ScottishPower pic. Our thanks are extended to Colin Cloughley and Roger Farnham, who have led the collaborative project for their respective companies. _ The Monograph begins by considering the basic elements of CC and CHP systems. Models are described for each of the main components. In Chapter 2 the overall power generation control problem is considered dealing both with the lower level regulating loops and the high level supervisory control systems. The important role of simulation tools is discussed in Chapter 3 and their value for this type of application is considered. The results of a brief review on different possible tools is presented. x Authors' Preface A hypothetical flexible power system model described as the Skegton unit is considered in Chapter 4. This forms the basis of the major simulation tool which emerges from the research. The models considered in this section are for the major system components such as boiler, gas turbine and steam turbine. The chapter also includes a discussion on the control configurations used for the various subsystem components and the use of MATRIX for simulating such systems. x Simulation results are then presented for individual subsystem com ponents to demonstrate the validity of the results. "The research reported in the Monograph will also be presented at a workshop to be given prior to the IEEE Conference on Control Applications to be mounted in Glasgow, Scotland in August, 1994. Concluding remarks and a discussion on the way forward is presented in the final Chapter. 5th May, 1994 Andrzej Ordys, Andrew Pike Michael Johnson, Reza Katebi, Michael Grimble ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors wish to acknowledge the financial support of the Engineer ing and Physical Sciences Research Council for the award of grant GRlHl44431. The support of the Electro-Mechanical Engineering Com mittee (Dr. Richard Liwicki, Secretary) and the continuing involvement of Douglas Warne (Committee Consultant) is kindly acknowledged. The industrial impetus for the research is provided by ScottishPower pIc (East Kilbride) and John Brown Engineering Ltd (Clydebank). The authors would like to thank Colin Cloughley (Control Systems Manager, JBE), Roger Farnham (SP) and David Reardon (SP) for their enthusi astic support, their managerial and technical input to the research. The authors are very grateful for permission to publish the following: • Fig. 1.11 - Permission kindly granted by Dr. John Waddington and POWERGEN, Ratcliffe-on-Soar, Nottingham, NG 11 OEE, UK. • Fig. 2.9 - Permission kindly given by Professor E. Welfonder, Department of Power Generation and Automatic Control, The University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany • The material of Chapter 3 has previously appeared as the article Simulation Tools for the 90's by Andrew Pike and Michael Johnson, published in Measurement and Control, July, 1994. The kind per mission of the Editor, Mr. T. Hughes (Institute of Measurement and Control) to reprint this material is kindly acknowledged. • The authors would like to thank John McKendrick for the discussion on Distributed Control System Architectures and permission to. use Fig. 2.1 and 2.2. The authors wish to thank Mrs. Ann Frood and Mrs. Sheena Dinwoodie of the Industrial Control Centre for their excellent skills in typing the monograph and drawing figures. Finally, any extended research task requires considerable dedication and this always leaves less time for family activities. The authors wish to

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Many large-scale processes like refineries or power generation plant are constructed using the multi-vendor system and a main co-ordinating engineering contractor. With such a methodology. the key process units are installed complete with local proprietary control systems in place. Re-assessing the
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Most books are stored in the elastic cloud where traffic is expensive. For this reason, we have a limit on daily download.