Modeling and simulation of transport during acupuncture

169 Pages·2017·29.82 MB·English

by  Yannick Deleuze

Modeling and simulation of transport during
acupuncture
Yannick Deleuze
To cite this version:
Yannick Deleuze. Modeling and simulation of transport during acupuncture. Numerical Analysis
[math.NA]. Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI; National Taiwan University (Taipei), 2015.
English. ￿NNT: 2015PA066372￿. ￿tel-01218388v2￿
HAL Id: tel-01218388
https://theses.hal.science/tel-01218388v2
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Modeling and simulation on transport
phenomena during acupuncture
Yannick Deleuze
(cid:1)(cid:19)
Under the supervision of
Marc Thiriet Tony W.H. Sheu
and
ÉCOLE DOCTORALE SCIENCES MATHÉMATIQUES DE PARIS CENTRE
UNIVERSITÉ PIERRE ET MARIE CURIE
DEPARTMENT OF ENGINEERING SCIENCE AND OCEAN ENGINEERING
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
NATIONAL TAIWAN UNIVERSITY
DOCTORAL DISSERTATION
Modeling and simulation of transport during
acupuncture
Yannick DELEUZE
By:
Advisors : MarcTHIRIET,M.D.,Ph.D.andTonyW.H.SHEU,Ph.D.
Submittedinpartialfulfillmentoftherequirementfor
thedegreeofDoctorofPhilosophy
specializedinEngineeringScience
atNationalTaiwanUniversity
and
thedegreeofDoctorofscience,
specializedinAppliedMathematics
atUniversityPierreandMarieCurie
Reviewers:
HUANG Huaxiong YorkUniversity
MAURY Bertrand UniversitéParis-Sud
Defendedpubliclyonthe22/09/2015inTaipeiinfrontofaCommitteecomposedof:
THIRIET Marc UPMC Advisor
SHEU TonyW.H NTU Advisor
PIRONNEAU Olivier UPMC Examiner
MAURY Bertrand UniversitéParis-Sud Reviewer
LIN Jaung-Geng ChinaMedicalUniversity Examiner
TSAI Wu-Ting NTU Examiner
CHU Yeh-Shiu NationalYang-MingUniversity Examiner
PERTHAME Benoit UPMC Examiner
LaboratoireJacques-LouisLions
UniversitéPierreetMarieCurie
Boîtecourrier187 Scientific Computing and Cardiovascular
75252ParisCedex05France SimulationLaboratory
Department of Engineering Science and
OceanEngineering
École Doctorale de Sciences Mathé- NationalTaiwanUniversity
matiquesdeParisCentre(ED386) No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Daan
UniversitéPierreetMarieCurie District,TaipeiCity106
Boîtecourrier290 Taiwan
4,PlaceJussieu
75252ParisCedex05
France
À mes parents, mon frère, et ma femme
"Ceuxquivivent,cesontceuxquiluttent."
VictorHugo
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Acknowledgements
I am heartily thankful to my supervisors, Tony Sheu and Marc Thiriet, for allowing
me to work on this exciting subject and giving me the opportunity to be part of this
international project. Their enthusiasm, encouragement, understanding, guidance, and
supporthavemadethisworkathoughtfulandrewardingjourney.
IowemydeepestgratitudetoHuaxiongHuangandBertrandMaurytohaveaccepted
to read and review my thesis. I would like to thank Olivier Pironneau, Bertrand Maury,
Benoit Perthame, Jaung-Geng Lin, Wu-Ting Tsai, and Yeh-Shiu Chu to have accepted to
bepartofmydissertationCommittee.
I thank the UPMC for the funding of my doctoral studies. I thank the FSMP, the
CASTS, the "Bureau de Représentation de Taipei en France”, and the Department of
Engineering Science and Ocean Engineering for the several partial fundings during my
masteranddoctoralstudies.
Myworkhasbeenmadepossiblethankstotheeffortsandscientificexcellencyofthe
researchers and professors in the LJLL, SCCS, and CASTS that generously shared their
time and ideas. A special thanks to Nadine Foucart, Salima Lounici, Danielle Boulic,
Liliane Ruprecht, Christian David, Khashayar Dadras, and Antoine Le Hyaric for their
help both in France and during my stay in Taiwan. Thanks also to Ms Huang and Ms
WangfortheprecioushelpandcounselsduringmystayintheNTU.
Iwouldliketothanktheteacherswholedmetotheworldofresearchthroughtheirin-
spirationalteaching. IwouldliketociteinparticularYvonMaday,Jean-PierreFrançoise,
PascalFrey,FrédéricHecht,AlbertGoldbeter,AlessandraCarbone,DavidHolcman,and
OlivierPironneau. IalsowouldliketoshowmygratitudetoBenoitPerthamewhohasin-
troduced me to the world of interactions between mathematics and biology. I would also
liketothankBenoitforhiscollaborationandproofreadingforpartsoftheworkpresented
inchapter4andhispreciousadvicesduringourencountersbothinFranceandTaiwan.
ThankstoFrédéricHechtforgenerouslysharinghistimeandideaswiththeuseofthe
softwareFreeFem++.
I also would like to thank Hiroshi Suito for inviting me to share my work in Japan. I
reallyenjoyedtherewardingexperience. Duringtheseveralconferencesandeventsalong
my doctoral studies, I met remarkable researchers that had the kindness to interact with
meandwhoseworkhaveinspiredme. Iwouldliketocite,amongothers,NorikazuSaito,
5
OlivierPironneau,PascalFrey,KenjiTakizawa,BertrandMaury.
The dual degree project between France and Taiwan has been made possible with the
great help of the International Relations Department in UPMC and the Office of Interna-
tional Affairs in NTU. I would like to thank in particular Patricia Zizzo for her help and
advicesduringtheelaborationoftheproject.
I don’t forget the students and post-doctors of UPMC and NTU with who I had
friendly, helpful, and productive discussions: Juliette, 承佑, 育瑋, 聖宗, Lise-Marie,
Nicole, Charles, Vincent, Mamadou, Pierre, Marie, Paul, Jean-Paul, Grégoire, Claire,
Maxim,Céline,仕超,燿宇,向成,豫潔,林樂,日陽,聖鋒,禹鑫,哲安,嘉敏,倫語.
I’m very grateful for the unconditional support of my wife Camille, my parents, my
brother,andfamilyduringthecompletionoftheproject.
Andfinally,thankstomyallmyfriendsandespeciallytoGuillaume,Thibault,Thibault,
Sébastien,andtheOrryteamfortheirfriendshipduringalltheseyears.
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Abstract
The objective of this thesis is to comprehend the complexity of the underlying basis
of acupuncture. Acupuncture needling is investigated in order to establish a multiscale
model that takes into account the complexity of biology but is mathematically simple
enoughtorunsimulations.
Acupunctureisoneoftheoldestpracticesinthehistoryofmedicineandisthecoreof
TraditionalChineseMedicine. Onceneedlesareinsertedintherightlocations,calledacu-
points,theyaremanipulatedviamanualneedling,suchasliftingandthrustingorrotating,
to stimulatethe acupoint. The sameacupoints can alsobe stimulated byother techniques
such as moxibustion, acupressure, electroacupuncture, and more recently, laser acupunc-
ture. Growingpublicinterestforacupuncturetreatmentshasledthescientificcommunity
to investigate the underlying physiological basis of acupuncture. The physiological re-
actions of acupuncture needling lead to therapeutic effects which can be explained by a
series of interactions between the skin and the nervous, the endocrine, and the immune
systems.
In the present work, the thrusting and lifting of an acupuncture needle inserted in
subcutaneous connective tissue is modeled. This loose connective tissue is composed of
cells and an extracellular matrix of collagen and elastic fibers embedded in gel made of
glycoproteins and proteoglycans. A porous media model is used to run simulations and
compute the pressure and shear stress affecting the organization of fibers and of isolated
cells in their matrix. The predicted pressure and shear stress show that the implantation
ofaneedlecanproducelocalmechanicalstimulationinitsenvironment.
A mathematical model was conceived to take into account cell signaling. There is
ampleevidencethatneedlemanipulationinacupuncturecancausedegranulationofmas-
tocytes directly through a physical stress to occur. Activated mastocytes rapidly release
granules containing chemical mediators. These chemical mediators play a key role re-
cruiting mastocytes in their environment and are known to affect the excitability of nerve
endings as well as local microcirculation permeability and size for the appropriate trans-
fer of long-term acting endocrine signals. The process is sustained by the recruitment of
mastocytesthroughchemotaxis.
The mathematical model of the mastocyte response to acupuncture needling relies
on the macroscopic description of chemotaxis. Its simplest form describes the evolu-
tionofthe densityofmastocytesand theconcentrationofa chemoattractant emittedonly
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by mastocytes when activated by the mechanical stress induced by needle manipulation.
Blow-upofthesolutioninfinitetimeisproventooccurforlargeinitialdataconcentrated
around the acupoint in a simplified model. A numerical study infers the theoretical re-
sults and the observed blow-up is interpreted as a self-sustained response of stimulation
andrecruitmentofmastocytesattheacupoint.
Keywords : acupuncture; mastocyte; chemotaxis ; fluid-structure interaction; fluid-
fibrousporousmediuminteraction;chemotaxis-fluidmodel;numericalsimulation;finite
elementmethod;FreeFem++
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