Model Neural Networks and Behavior

549 Pages·1985·61.092 MB·English

by  Peter A. Getting, Michael S. Dekin (auth.), Allen I. Selverston (eds.)

Model Neural
N etworks and Behavior
Model Neural
Networks and Behavior
EDITED By
I.
ALLEN SELVERSTON
University of California, San Diego
La Jolla, California
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Main entry under title:
Model neural networks and behavior.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Neuropsychology. 2. Neural circuitry. 3. Animal behavior. I. Selverston, Allen I.
QP360.M57 1985 599'.051 85-6351
ISBN 978-1-4757-5860-3 ISBN 978-1-4757-5858-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-5858-0
© 1985 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1985.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover I st edition 1985
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
Dedicated to Graham Hoyle, whose uncompromlSlng principles and
love of comparative neurophysiology were a constant source of inspira
tion to his students, colleagues, and all those interested in model neural
networks and behavior.
Contributors
THOMAS W. ABRAMS, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, College of Physicians and Sur
geons, Columbia University, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, New
York 10032
EOMUNO A. ARBAS, The Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachu
setts 02138
HUGO ARECHIGA, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center of Investigation and of
Advanced Studies of the IPN, Mexico, D.F.
MICHAEL]. BASTIANI, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, Cal
ifornia 94305
BARBARA BELTZ, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, Massachu~
setts 02115
PAUL R. BENJAMIN, M.R.C. Neurophysiology Research Group, School of Biology, University
of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
MALCOLM BURROWS, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United
Kingdom
RONALO L. CALABRESE, The Biological Laboratories, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mas
sachusetts 02138
JOHN A. CONNOR, Department of Molecular Biophysics, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray
HilI, New Jersey 07974 and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of
Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801
WALTER COSTELLO, Yale University, Department ofBiology, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
W. JACKSON DAVIS, The Thimann Laboratories and The Long Marine Laboratories, Univer
sity of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California 95064
MICHAEL S. DEKIN, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa, IOW3;
City, Iowa 52242
vii
viii CONTRIBUTORS
CHRISTOPHER J. H. ELLIOTT, M.R.C. Neurophysiology Research Group, School of Biology,
University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, Uni ted Kindgom
GRAHAM P. FERGUSON, M.R.C. Neurophysiology Research Group, School of Biology, Uni
versity of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
UBALDO GARciA, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center of Investigation and of
Advanced Studies of the IPN, Mexico, D.F.
ALAN GELPERIN, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hili, New Jersey 07974, and Depart
ment of Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544
PETER A. GETTING, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, The University of Iowa, Iowa
City, Iowa 52242
SILVIO GLUSMAN, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, Massachu
setts 02115
MAURICE GOLA, Institute of Neurophysiology and Psychophysiology, C.N.R.S., Marseilles,
France
COREY S. GOODMAN, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, Cal
ifornia 94305
MICHAEL GOY, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, Massachu
setts 02115
RONALD HARRIS-WARRICK, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston,
Massachusetts 02115
JOHN G. HILDEBRAND, Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York,
New York 10027
PHILIP HOCKBERGER, Department of Molecular Biophysics, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray
Hili, New Jersey 07974 and Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of
IIIinois, Urbana, IIIinois 61801
SCOTT L. HOOPER, Biology Department, Brandeis University, WaItham, Massachusetts 02254
J. J. HOPFIELD, AT & T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hili, New Jersey 07974 and, Divisions of
Chemistry and Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125
LILY YEH JAN, Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California
94143
YUH NUNG JAN, Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, Califor
nia 94143
MICHAEL JOHNSTON, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, Mas
sachusetts 02115
CONTRIBUTORS IX
S. B. KATER, Department of Biology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242
EDWARD A. KRAVITZ, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, Mas
sachusetts 02115
WILLIAM B. KRISTAN, JR., Department of Biology, University of California, San Diego, Cali
fornia 92093
SASCHA DU LAc, Neuroscience Program, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305
MARGARET LIVINGSTONE, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston,
Massachusetts 02115
EVE MARDER, Biology Department, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts 02254
EARL MAYERI, Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, California
94143
RICHARD E. MCCAMAN, Section of Neuropharmacology, Division of Neurosciences, Beckman
Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
JOHN P. MILLER, Department of Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California
94720
MAURICE MOULINS, Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, CNRS and University of Bor
deaux I, Arcachon, France
FREDERIC NAGY, Laboratory of Comparative Neurobiology, CNRS and University of Bor
deaux I, Arcachon, France
JOYCE K. ONO, Section of Neuropharmacology, Division of Neurosciences, Beckman
Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, California 91010
MICHAEL O'SHEA, University of Geneva, Laboratory of Neurobiology, CH-1211 Geneva 4,
Switzerland
KEIR G. PEARSON, Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta,
Canada
R. MELDRUM ROBERTSON, Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec,
Canada
LEONARDO RODRIGUEZ-SOSA, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Center of Investi
gation and of Advanced Studies of the IPN, Mexico, D.F.
BARRY S. ROTHMAN, Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, Cal
ifornia 94143
LAWRENCE SALKOFF, Yale University, Department of Biology, New Haven, Connecticut
06511
x CONTRIBUTORS
MARK SCHAEFER, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, Califor
nia 94305
RICHARD H. SCHELLER, Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford,
California 94305
THOMAS SCHWARZ, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston, Massa
chusetts 02115
ALLEN I. SELVERSTON, Department of Biology, University of Cah.ornia, San Diego, La Jolla,
California 92093
KATHLEEN KING SIWICKI, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurobiology, Boston,
Massachusetts 02115
D. W. TANK, AT&T Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
JOHN B. THOMAS, Yale University, Department of Biology, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
JAMES W. TRUMAN, Department of Zoology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
98195
JANIS C. WEEKS, Department of Entomology, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley,
California 94720
DAVID A. WEISBLAT, Department of Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California
94720
ROBERT J. WYMAN, Yale University, Department of Biology, New Haven, Connecticut 06511
BIRGIT ZIPSER, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York 11724
ROBERT S. ZUCKER, Department of Physiology-Anatomy, University of California, Berkeley,
California 94720
Preface
The most conspicuous function of the nervous system is to control animal behav
ior. From the complex operations of learning and mentation to the molecular con
figuration of ionic channels, the nervous system serves as the interface between an
animal and its environment. To study and understand the fundamental mecha
nisms underlying the control of behavior, it is often both necessary and desirable
to employ biological systems with characteristics especially suitable for answering
specific questions. In neurobiology, many invertebrates have become established
as model systems for investigations at both the systems and the cellular level.
Large, readily identifiable neurons have made invertebrates especially useful
for cellular studies. The fact that these neurons occur in much smaller numbers
than those in higher animals also makes them important for circuit analysis.
Although important differences exist, some of the questions that would be tech
nically impossible to answer with vertebrates can become experimentally tractable
with invertebrates.
The principal purpose of this volume is to present an overview of the re mark
able progress being made using these model systems. Yet invertebrates can in fact
be approached from two overlapping points of view. A zoologist may look at the
functioning of an insect nervous system because he is interested in insects. To hirn
the system being studied is not a model but the real thing. However, from a neu
robiological point of view the system that best allows one to solve a particular prob
lem is a model system, and this is the sense in which we will use this sometimes
overworked term.
When the use of invertebrate material became widespread in the early 1950s,
several important issues were raised. The first was whether or not the use of inver
tebrates would really solve all of the important problems in a matter of a few years.
The second was whether or not the data gleaned from these preparations had any
relevance to "real" nervous systems. The answer to the first question became clear
in a short time: The "simple" invertebrate nervous systems were extremely com
plex and there would not be any shortcuts. The question of relevance, which still
seems to trouble many psychologists, has for the most part been answered affirm-
xi