Mobility, sexuality and AIDS

235 Pages·2011·5.668 MB·English

by  Thomas, Felicity

Mobility, Sexuality and AIDS
Overthepasttwodecades,populationmobilityhasintensifiedandbecomemorediverse,
raising important questions concerning the health and well-being of people who are
mobileas wellas communitiesoforigin anddestination.
Ongoing concerns have been voiced about possible links between mobility and HIV,
with callsbeing made tocontain or control migrant populations, anddebatelinking HIV
with issues of global security and surveillance being fuelled. This volume challenges
commonassumptionsaboutmobility,HIVandAIDS.Aseriesofinterlinkedchapterspre-
pared by international experts explores the experiences of people who are mobile as they
relate to sexuality and to HIV susceptibility and impact. The various chapters discuss the
factorsthatcontributetothevulnerabilityofdifferentmobilegroupsbutalsoexaminethe
ways in which agency, resilience and adaptation shape lived experience and help people
protectthemselvesthroughoutthemobilityprocess.Lookingatdiverseformsofmigration
and mobility – covering flight from conflict, poverty and exploitation, through labour
migrationto‘sextourism’–thebookreportsonresearchfindingsfromaroundtheworld,
includingtheUSA,theUK,sub-SaharanAfrica,Australia,CentralAmericaandChina.
Mobility, Sexuality and AIDS recognises the complex relationships between individual
circumstances, population mobility and community and state response. It is invaluable
reading for policy makers, students and practitioners working in the fields of migration,
development studies,anthropology, sociology,geography andpublic health.
Felicity Thomas is a Research Fellow at the Thomas Coram Research Unit, Institute
of Education, University of London. Active in the field of international development for
over ten years, she has been involved in a number of research and action-based projects
with refugees and asylum seekers living in sub-Saharan Africa and in the UK. Her
researchinterestsfocusonthesocio-economicandemotionalimpactsofHIVandAIDS,
migranthealthandwell-being, andHIVtreatmentseeking andmanagement.
Mary Haour-Knipe has worked inthe field of migrationand HIV since 1989,leading
a European Union working group assessing HIV prevention activities for migrants and
travellersinEurope,evaluatingHIVpreventionprogrammesamongstmigrantcommunities,
and working as senior advisor on migration and HIV/AIDS, then on migration and
health,attheInternationalOrganizationforMigration.Shehasalsoservedasanadvisor
onHIV-relatedmigrationissuesfortheJointUnitedNationsProgrammeonHIV/AIDS.
Peter Aggleton is Professor of Education in the Thomas Coram Research Unit, Insti-
tute of Education, University of London and Visiting Professor at the University of Oslo
andtheUniversityofNewSouthWales.Heistheauthorandeditorofoverthirtybooks
and internationally renowned for his work on sexuality and HIV. He is editor of the
journalCulture,HealthandSexuality,senioreditorofGlobalPublicHealthandassociateeditor
ofHealth EducationResearchandAIDS Education andPrevention.
Sexuality, Culture and Health series
Editedby
PeterAggleton
Institute of Education, University of London, UK
RichardParker
Columbia University, New York, USA
SoniaCorre˜a
ABIA, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
GaryDowsett
La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
ShirleyLindenbaum
City University of New York, USA
This new series of books offers cutting-edge analysis, current theoretical perspectives and
up-to-the-minute ideas concerning the interface between sexuality, public health, human
rights, culture and social development. It adopts a global and interdisciplinary perspective
in which the needs of poorer countries are given equal status to those of richer nations.
The books are written with a broad range of readers in mind, and will be invaluable to
students, academics and those working in policy and practice. The series also aims to
serveasa spurtopracticalaction inanincreasingly globalised world.
Available intheseries:
Culture,Societyand Sexuality
Areader,2nded.
EditedbyPeterAggletonand RichardParker
Dying tobe Men
Youth,masculinityand socialexclusion
GaryT.Barker
Sex,Drugs andYoungPeople
Internationalperspectives
EditedbyPeterAggleton,Andrew Balland PurnimaMane
PromotingYoungPeople’sSexualHealth
Internationalperspectives
EditedbyRogerInghamand PeterAggleton
Sexuality, HealthandHumanRights
Sonia Corre˜a,RosalindPetchesky andRichardParker
Mobility,SexualityandAIDS
EditedbyFelicityThomas, MaryHaour-Knipe and PeterAggleton
Mobility, Sexuality and AIDS
Edited by Felicity Thomas,
Mary Haour-Knipe and Peter Aggleton
Firstpublished2010
byRoutledge
2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,Oxon,OX144RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
byRoutledge
270 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2009.
To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.
©2010FelicityThomas,MaryHaour-KnipeandPeterAggletonforeditorial
selectionandmaterial;individualchapters,thecontributors
Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproducedor
utilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans,now
knownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording,orinany
informationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfrom
thepublishers.
BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary
LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationData
Mobility,sexuality,andAIDS/editedbyFelicityThomas,MaryHaour-Knipe,
andPeterAggleton.
p.;cm
Includesbibliographicalreferences.
1.AIDS(Disease)–Epidemiology2.Emigrationandimmigration–Health
aspects.3.Medicalgeography.I.Thomas,Felicity.II.Haour-Knipe,Mary.
III.Aggleton,Peter.
[DNLM:1.HIVInfections–transmission.2.EmigrationandImmigration.
3. Risk Assessment. 4. Sexual Behavior. 5. Socioeconomic Factors.
WC503.3M6872009]
RA643.8.M632009
362.19609792–dc22 2009014389
ISBN 0-203-86914-1 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN10:0-415-47777-8(hbk)
ISBN10:0-203-86914-1(ebk)
ISBN13:978-0-415-47777-2(hbk)
ISBN13:978-0-203-86914-7(ebk)
Contents
List of figures vii
List of tables viii
List of contributors ix
Acknowledgements xv
Abbreviations xvi
Introduction: mobility, sexuality and AIDS 1
FELICITYTHOMAS,MARYHAOUR-KNIPEANDPETERAGGLETON
1 Migration and HIV infection: what do data from destination
countries show? 10
ISLENEARAUJODECARVALHO,MARYHAOUR-KNIPEANDKARLL.DEHNE
2 Leaving loved ones behind: Mexican gay men’s migration to
the USA 24
HÉCTORCARRILLO
Mobility and the experience of the self
3 Concentrated disadvantages: neighbourhood context as a structural
risk for Latino immigrants in the USA 40
EMILIOA.PARRADO,CHENOAA.FLIPPENANDLEONARDOURIBE
4 Conflict, forced migration, sexual behaviour and HIV/AIDS 55
BAYARDROBERTSANDPREETIPATEL
5 Negotiating migration, gender and sexuality: health and social
services for HIV-positive people from minority ethnic backgrounds
in Sydney 67
HENRIKEKÖRNER
6 Treat with care: Africans and HIV in the UK 80
JANEANDERSON
vi Contents
Mobility and pleasure
7 Touristic borderlands: ethnographic reflections on Dominican
social geographies 91
MARKB.PADILLAANDH.DANIELCASTELLANOS
8 Rice, rams and remittances: bumsters and female tourists in
The Gambia 108
STELLANYANZIANDOUSMANBAH
9 Fantasies, dependency and denial: HIV and the sex industry in
Costa Rica 121
JACOBOSCHIFTERANDFELICITYTHOMAS
10 ‘Que gusto estar de vuelta en mi tierra’: the sexual geography of
transnational migration 131
JENNIFERS.HIRSCHANDSERGIOMENESESNAVARRO
Mobility and work
11 From migrating men to moving women: trends in South Africa’s
changing political economy and geography of intimacy 143
MARKHUNTER
12 Labour migration and risky sexual behaviour: tea plantation
workers in Kericho District, Kenya 154
KENNEDYNYABUTIONDIMU
13 Young sex workers in Ethiopia: linking migration, sex work and AIDS 168
LORRAINEVANBLERK
14 Labour migration and HIV risk in Papua New Guinea 176
HOLLYWARDLOW
15 Migration, men’s extramarital sex and the risk of HIV infection
in Nigeria 187
DANIELJORDANSMITH
16 Migration, detachment and HIV risk among rural–urban migrants
in China 199
XIUSHIYANG
Index 214
Figures
3.1 Spatial distribution of risks across Latino neighbourhoods in
Durham/Carrboro, North Carolina 48
3.2 La Maldita Vecindad 50
7.1 Internal migratory pathways of Dominican male sex workers 96
8.1 Spatial typology of bumsters 111
12.1 Tea pickers at work 155
12.2 Workers residential estate in Kericho 158
Tables
1.1 Studies of HIV prevalence among migrants in destination countries 12
3.1 Neighbourhood variation in health risks and social disorganization
among Latino men 44
3.2 Correlation matrix and factor loadings among neighbourhood
indicators of risk 46
3.3 Concentration of risk within Latino neighbourhoods 47
7.1 Characteristics of interview sample, by research site 93
12.1 Kericho tea plantation workers: selected characteristics 2004 157
12.2 Sexual behaviour among male and female workers 161
12.3 Factors responsible for extramarital sex: male and female tea
workers 162
16.1 Sample characteristics among non-migrants and rural–urban
migrants 206
16.2 HIV risk sexual behaviours in the 30 days prior to interview, by
migrant status 207
16.3 Multiplelogistic regressionanalysisoftheoddsofhavingcasual and
unprotected casual sex with non-regular partner(s) in the 30 days
prior to the interview 208
16.4 Multiple linear regression analysis of overall sexual risk of HIV in
the 30 days prior to the interview 209
Contributors
Jane Anderson (Homerton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and
Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, UK) is a consultant
physician in HIV Medicine and Director of the Centre for the Study of
Sexual Health and HIV. Research exploring relationships between the bio-
logical and psychosocial aspects of HIV infection is embedded in the clinical
setting and reflects the diversity of the patient population in East London.
HIV in minority ethnic and migrant populations in the UK, many of whom
are women, is at the centre of the research programme.
Islene Araujo de Carvalho holds a PhD in medicine and diplomas in
gynaecology, community health and international health. She has worked in
government and non-government organizations in Brazil and other Latin
American countries, East Timor and several African countries. While based
in Zimbabwe she implemented and managed health programming for the
International Organization for Migration, focusing especially on integrating
HIV prevention activities within humanitarian emergencies. She later mana-
ged IOM’s worldwide health and HIV programming for mobile populations
and migrants. She is currently a technical officer for the department of
gender, women and health of the World Health Organization, focusing on
the intersection between HIV and gender.
Ousman Bah is a Gambian ethnographer with seven years of anthropological
research experience, specifically relating to the interaction between local cul-
tures, health-seeking behaviour, and national policies. Based at the Medical
Research Council Laboratories’ field station in Farafenni, he studied rural
communities’ perceptions, attitudes and behaviours regarding both malaria
and HIV/AIDS. More recently, he has been interested in the study of sex-
ualities within tourism, specifically focusing on the place of gender, genera-
tion, race and religiosity. His recent publications have appeared in the
journals Culture,Health and Sexuality, Qualitative Research and the African Journal of
Reproductive Health.
Lorraine van Blerk currently works as a Lecturer in Human Geography at
the University of Reading, UK. Her research expertise focuses on the lives of