Mobile Millennium Final Report - Alexandre M. Bayen - University of

748 Pages·2011·35.74 MB·English

CALIFORNIA CENTER FOR INNOVATIVE TRANSPORTATION
INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

Mobile Millennium Final Report

Alexandre M. Bayen, Ph.D., Principal Investigator
Joe Butler, Project Manager
Anthony D. Patire, Ph.D., Postdoctoral Researcher

CCIT Research Report
UCB-ITS-CWP-2011-6

ISSN 1557-2269

The California Center for Innovative Transportation works with
researchers, practitioners, and industry to implement transportation
research and innovation, including products and services that improve the
efficiency, safety, and security of the transportation system.

CALIFORNIA CENTER FOR INNOVATIVE TRANSPORTATION
INSTITUTE OF TRANSPORTATION STUDIES
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY

Mobile Millennium Final Report

Alexandre M. Bayen, Ph.D., Principal Investigator
Joe Butler, Project Manager
Anthony D. Patire, Ph.D., Postdoctoral Researcher

CCIT Research Report
UCB-ITS-CWP-2011-6

This work was performed by the California Center for Innovative Transportation,
a research group at the University of California, Berkeley, in cooperation with the
State of California Business, Transportation, and Housing Agency’s Department
of Transportation, and the United States Department of Transportation’s Federal
Highway Administration.

The contents of this report reflect the views of the authors, who are responsible
for the facts and the accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not
necessarily reflect the official views or policies of the State of California. This
report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation.

September 2011

Acknowledgements
The Mobile Millennium team would like to acknowledge the financial contribution of the US
DepartmentofTransportationandtheCaliforniaDepartmentofTransportationtothiswork.
Without the strong involvement of these partners, it would never have been possible to build
a successful research organization in such a short amount of time, and to achieve the goals
of Mobile Millennium so quickly. We would also like to acknowledge the contributions of our
industry partners Nokia/NAVTEQ, who have supported this work both financially and with
generous in kind support, leading to the use of thousands of Nokia phones over the duration
oftheproject, andcorrespondingdataplans. Withoutthestrongsupportofsuchanindustry
partnership,theprojectwouldneverhavereceivedasmuchattentionandbecomeaflagshipof
ITSresearchatUCBerkeley. TheauthorswanttothanktheNationalScienceFoundationfor
providingfundingtosupportfundamentalresearch,withoutwhichthisprojectcouldnothave
achieved the level of success and depth it has. This work was supported by grants #0615299
and #0845076. The funds from the National Science Foundation have greatly helped UC
Berkeley to ally practitioner oriented goals with scientific research goals in a way which
make this partnership unique, and are aligned with the mission of public service, education
and research of the University. Finally, numerous other organizations have contributed to
the start, or the development of Mobile Millennium, and are mentioned here alphabetically:
BAE Systems, the Center for Information Technology and Research in the Interest of Society
(CITRIS), the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA), the Department of
Civil and Environmental Engineering at UC Berkeley, the Minist`ere des Transports, France,
(now MEDDAAT), the University of California Transportation Center (UCTC), Tekes (the
FinnishFundingAgencyforTechnologyandInnovation), TelenavInc., VIMADES,theVolvo
Foundation and the VTT Labs. We are grateful to all of these funders for their interest in
our project and the support they have provided us in these years.
Numerous individuals in their respective organizations have contributed to the success of
Mobile Millennium. We are grateful for their support, and their trust in our capabilities.
We acknowledge them below by organization.
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Contributors and partners, institutional support
US Department of Transportation
We want to express our gratitude to RITA Administrator Paul Brubaker, for his vision for
Safe Trip 21, and for putting his trust in our project. Safe Trip 21 made it possible for the
project to acquire a scale of national importance. We want to express our sincere gratitude
to Gary Ritter, for his tenacity and energy at making the project happen, and for his support
throughout the project, in particular for the public events organized as part of the project.
California Department of Transportation
Mobile Millennium has benefited from the very strong support of the California Department
of Transportation, which has provided a solid anchor for us in California. We are extremely
grateful to Director Randell Iwasaki and to Larry Orcutt, Director of DRI, who helped us
set up the project at the Federal level, and who provided local support from California. We
are extremely grateful for their faith in our work and our ability to deliver. In addition, we
further acknowledge Larry Orcutt for his confidence to provide the initial Caltrans funding
to this project. We are thankful for the ongoing guidance of Greg Larson who helped with
the ongoing decisions and issues to be made as part of the project. We are also thankful for
the the help of Hassan Aboukhadijeh, Asfand Siddiqui, and Gurprit Hansra.
CCIT team
Mobile Millennium found its roots in Mobile Century, and the two projects shared numerous
participants. We are extremely grateful to CCIT Director Tom West for his undefeated
efforts to bring the project to the spotlight, and for his help with setting up the project
with both the US and California DOTs. Without Tom West’s help, this project would not
have been able to take off at the scale it did. The Mobile Millennium would never have
been constructed without the involvement of Joe Butler, who brought years of experience
from Industry, necessary to build a system such as Mobile Millennium. Most of the system
used during the Mobile Millennium and available today was developed under Joe Butler’s
leadership. We wish to thank J.D. Margulici, the Associate Director of CCIT, who had the
initial vision of mobile probes using phones, and who contributed to the success of Mobile
Millennium by launching Mobile Century and setting up the institutional basis for Mobile
Millennium to succeed.
The staff of CCIT contributed to many of the aspects involved in leading a project such
as Mobile Millennium. This involves logistical planning, financing, tasking, managing and
successful implementation. In particular, we thank Coralie Claudel, Marika Benko, Osama
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Elhamshary, Tia Dodson, Chris Flens-Batina, Manju Kumar, Jed Arnold, Benson Chiou,
Lori Luddington, Xiaohong Pan, Erica Sherlock-Thomas, and Arthur Wiedmer.
Nokia / NAVTEQ team
The success of Mobile Millennium is due to the work, tenacity and visionary experience of
Quinn Jacobson, Ken Tracton and their team: Toch Iwuchukwu, Baik Hoh, Cynthia Kuo,
Carl Snellmann. Working with such an incredible team of engineers has been not only a
privilege but a true opportunity for CCIT to learn the world of the mobile internet. We
are extremely grateful for the institutional support given by Nokia’s leadership throughout
the project, in particular from Bob Ianucci, Henry Tirri and John Paul Shen. We want to
express our deepest gratitude to Lisa Waits for her ongoing support and energy to keep our
project on track. We are also grateful for numerous other Nokia staff members who have
helped us succeed, in particular Karen Lachtanski, Dave Sutter, and John Loughney.
We want to express our gratitude to NAVTEQ, in particular to the engineering team who
helped us set us our system, get maps and understand the data we were sharing: Matt
Lindsay, Brian Smyth, Drew Bittenbender, Max Peysakhov and Candace Sleeman. We
are grateful to Aaron Crane for helping us to institutionalize the collaboration between
NAVTEQ and UC Berkeley in the post launch phase of Mobile Millennium. We want
to thank NAVTEQ for their institutional support for our interactions with the DOTs, in
particular Harry Voccola, Jeremy Wolstan, Howard Hayes and John McLoed.
UC Berkeley
Our success was made possible by an extremely strong support from the College of Engineer-
ing, and the personal intervention of Dean Sastry when we needed his help for fundraising
and showing the commitment of the College to the success of the project. With the help of
CITRIS, the Center for Information Technology Research in the Interest of Society, and the
personal involvement of Director Paul Wright, our project reached unprecedented visibility
at the level of the UC Berkeley campus, and the UC system. Few projects have benefited
from such support of the College and CITRIS, we are grateful for this trust in our capa-
bilities. We are also grateful for the support of the Civil and Environmental Engineering
Department, and thank two successive Chairs, Professor Greg Fenves and Professor Lisa
Alvarez Cohen, as well as the support of ITS, its Director Professor Samer Madanat, its
Acting Director Professor Mike Cassidy and its Executive Director, Steve Campbell. The
staff from these units have provided invaluable support, which we are grateful for: Gary
Baldwin, Lorie Mariano, Yvette Subramananian, Anthony Saint-George, Masoud Nikravesh,
Jean Paul Jacob, Aaron Walburg, and Khossrov Taherian, Margaret Chang, Norine Shima,
Jillene Bohr, John Li, Derek Johnson, Ann Guy Barbara Blackford, Sylvia Bierhuis and
Bill Oman. Finally, the ongoing support of the media office enabled us to gain significant
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visibility outside of campus, and we want to express our gratitude to Sarah Yang and her
team for her close work with Ann Guy.
Academic partners
Numerous academic partners have contributed to the success of Mobile Millennium, and we
are grateful for their help. In particular, we want to acknowledge the unlimited scientific
generosity and the vision of Professor Jean-Pierre Aubin, and the help of Professor Halina
Frankowska and Professor Patrick Saint-Pierre. Their vision has shaped our vision. We
are also grateful to numerous colleagues who have helped us when facing mathematical,
scientific or technical difficulties so we could bring our contributions to the next level, in
particular Professor Benedetto Piccoli (Rutgers University), Professors Michael Franklin,
Carlos Daganzo, Laurent El Ghaoui (UC Berkeley) and Dr. Xavier Litrico (CEMAGREF).
We are particularly grateful to Deborah Estrin for her vision of participatory sensing, her
support, and her pioneering work that inspired us. We are also grateful to Marco Gruteser
from Rutgers University for the collaborative work on privacy.
The Team
The authors would like to apologize in advance to anyone who contributed to develop, build,
and deploy the traffic monitoring system implemented as part of Mobile Millennium but
whose name we neglected to mention through our own oversight. You have our gratitude.
During the compilation of this report, we thank the many people who provided crucial
subject matter through personal interviews, Skype interviews, original project documents,
briefing materials, personal notes, emails, and other sources that made it possible to provide
the rich narrative herein. Finally, we thank John Nguyen for his painstaking work to edit
the bibliography and to compile and format this document.
Management
AlexBayen(PricipalInvestigator),TomWest(Partnerships&Outreach),JoeButler(Project
Manager), Steve Andrews (Project Coordinator), Coralie Claudel, Rich Kleinman (Project
Administrator and Finances)
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Team Members
Post doctoral researchers
Jeff Ban, Ryan Herring, Anthony Patire, Olli-Pekka Tossavainen.
Ph.D. students
Saurabh Amin, Sebastien Blandin, Christian Claudel, Juan Carlos Herrera, Ryan Herring,
Aude Hofleitner, Tim Hunter, Samitha Samaranayake, Issam Strub, Daniel Work.
M.S. students
Paul Borokhov, Pierre Emmanuel Mazare, Matthieu Nahoum, Samy Merzgui, Julie Percelay,
Arthur Wiedmer.
CCIT Staff, Alumni, and Visitors
Daniel Edwards (Associate Development Engineer), Sanessh Apte (Associate Development
Engineer), JonathanFelder(SystemsAdministrator), JohnNguyen(EditorialAssistant), Al-
fred Tran (Undergraduate Research Apprentice), Andre Lockhart (Project Manager), Besen
Chiou(SeniorDevelopmentEngineer), BillVogel(SoftwareEngineer), DouglasPutnam(Un-
dergraduate Research Apprentice), Elena Agapie (Visiting Student), Elliot Schatmeier (Un-
dergraduate Research Apprentice), Ernan Anguiano (Undergraduate Research Apprentice),
Kayvan Nowrouzi (Masters Student), Joseph Curtis (Undergraduate Research Apprentice),
Kevin Luang (Undergraduate Research Apprentice), Maha Haji (Millennium Webmaster),
MarcellaGomez(UndergraduateResearchApprentice),MichellePapilla(UndergraduateRe-
search Apprentice), Miguel De Gracia (Undergraduate Research Apprentice), Morgan Smith
(Software Engineer), Nina Harvey (Graduate Student Researcher), Omar El Bizri (Visit-
ing Undergraduate Research Apprentice), Tyler Smith (Undergraduate Research Appren-
tice), Xiaohong Pan (Assistant Development Engineer), Pierre Emmanuel Mazare (Visiting
Graduate Student Researcher), Matthieu Nahoum (France Visiting Scholar), Sarah Stern
(Undergraduate Researh Apprentice), Yanli Li (Finland Visiting Scholar).
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