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Mixed Blood Indians: Racial Construction in the Early South PDF

154 Pages·2005·1.063 MB·English
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Preview Mixed Blood Indians: Racial Construction in the Early South

“Mixed Blood” Indians This page intentionally left blank THEDA PERDUE ‘‘Mixed Blood’’ Indians Racial Construction inthe Early South (cid:1) MercerUniversityLamarMemorialLecturesNo.45 TheUniversityofGeorgiaPress AthensandLondon University of Georgia Press paperback edition, 2005 © 2003 by the University of Georgia Press Athens, Georgia 30602 All rights reserved Set in Berthold Baskerville by BookComp, Inc. Printed and bound by Thomson-Shore The paper in this book meets the guidelines for permanence and durability of the Committee on Production Guidelines for Book Longevity of the Council on Library Resources. Printed in the United States of America 05 06 07 08 09 P 5 4 3 2 1 The Library of Congress has cataloged the hardcover edition of this book as follows: Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Perdue, Theda, 1949– “Mixed blood” Indians: racial construction in the early South / Theda Perdue. p. cm. — (Mercer University Lamar memorial lectures ; no. 45) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8203-2453-1 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Indians of North America—Mixed descent—Southern States. 2. Indians of North America—Cultural assimilation—Southern States. 3. Race awareness—Southern States. I. Title. II. Series. E78.S65 P46 2002 975'.00497—dc21 2002007121 ISBN 0-8203-2731-X (pbk. : alk. paper) British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data available ForGeorgeTindall This page intentionally left blank Contents Preface ix ONE “IntheIndianManner”:NativesandNewcomers intheEighteenthCentury 1 TWO “BothWhiteandRed”:BiracialPeopleinIndianSociety 33 THREE “DesigningHalf-Breeds”:ThePoliticsofRace 70 Notes 105 Index 129 This page intentionally left blank Preface In1971IwasalawstudentatMercerUniversity.Ifoundtherepet- itive nature of legal training to be mind dulling, so I decided to attendtheLamarLecturesdeliveredbyGeorgeTindalloftheUni- versityofNorthCarolina.PublishedthefollowingyearasTheDis- ruptionoftheSolidSouth(Athens:UniversityofGeorgiaPress,1972), Tindall’s lectures focused on the role of race in southern politics. Forthefirsttimeinmylife,Iheardsomeonediscussraceacademi- cally,notasafactoflife,butasasocialconstructthatservedspecific economic and political purposes. I suddenly became aware that race had a history and that its history had a great deal to do with thepastandpresentSouth.AsIlistenedtothelectures,Idecided thatIdidnotwanttobealawyer;IwantedtobeGeorgeTindall.I promptlyquitlawschoolandappliedtograduateschoolinhistory. WhilemyresearchhastakenmeintoNativeAmericanhistory,the topicTindallbroachedcontinuestohaverelevanceforme.Inthese lectures,IexploreraceinaverydifferentwaythanTindalldid,but hesetmeonthiscourse. In the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, many Euro- peansmarriedNativewomenandhadchildrenwhomwhitescalled “half-breeds,”awordnowconsideredracistandderogatoryandre- placedbythepresumablylessoffensiveterms“mixedblood,”“mes- tizo,”or“métis.”ThelargenumberofpeopleofEuropeanancestry ix

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