Mites (Acari) for Pest Control

558 Pages·2003·2.77 MB·English

by  Uri Gerson

Mites (Acari)
for Pest Control
Uri Gerson1, Robert L. Smiley2 and Ronald Ochoa2
1Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural,
Food and Environmental Sciences, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
2 Systematic Entomology Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA.

Mites (Acari)
for Pest Control

Mites (Acari)
for Pest Control
Uri Gerson1, Robert L. Smiley2 and Ronald Ochoa2
1Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural,
Food and Environmental Sciences, Hebrew University, Rehovot, Israel
2 Systematic Entomology Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture,
Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville, MD, USA.
© 2003 Blackwell Science Ltd First published 2003 by
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Contents
Acknowledgements vii
Abbreviations ix
Foreword (by J.R. Coulson) xi
Introduction xiii
Chapter 1 History, definitions and current work 1
Chapter 2 The Acari 11
Chapter 3 An illustrated key to the relevant acarine families 26
Chapter 4 Acaridae 69
Chapter 5 Acarophenacidae 74
Chapter 6 Anystidae 78
Chapter 7 Arrenuridae 84
Chapter 8 Ascidae 89
Chapter 9 Bdellidae 94
Chapter 10 Camerobiidae 100
Chapter 11 Ceratozetidae 101
Chapter 12 Cheyletidae 103
Chapter 13 Cunaxidae 112
Chapter 14 Ereynetidae 114
Chapter 15 Eriophyidae 117
Chapter 16 Erythraeidae 127
Chapter 17 Eupalopsellidae 131
Chapter 18 Galumnidae 133
Chapter 19 Hemisarcoptidae 136
Chapter 20 Hydryphantidae 149
Chapter 21 Laelapidae 151
Chapter 22 Limnesiidae 159
Chapter 23 Macrochelidae 161
Chapter 24 Otopheidomenidae 170
v
vi Contents
Chapter 25 Parasitidae 171
Chapter 26 Phytoseiidae 173
Chapter 27 Pionidae 219
Chapter 28 Podapolipidae 222
Chapter 29 Pterygosomidae 225
Chapter 30 Pyemotidae 227
Chapter 31 Scheloribatidae 232
Chapter 32 Stigmaeidae 234
Chapter 33 Tarsonemidae 247
Chapter 34 Tetranychidae 250
Chapter 35 Trombidiidae 255
Chapter 36 Tydeidae 258
Chapter 37 Uropodidae 263
Chapter 38 Acarine biocontrol agents as enemies of problem-causing
organisms 266
Chapter 39 Introducing, culturing and establishing acarine
biocontrol agents 287
Chapter 40 The sex ratio of acarine biocontrol agents 323
Chapter 41 The effect of host plants and the ground cover on
acarine biocontrol agents 332
Chapter 42 Intraguild predation and other interactions among
acarine biocontrol agents 360
Chapter 43 The effect of agricultural chemicals on acarine
biocontrol agents 367
Chapter 44 Demonstrating the efficacy of acarine biocontrol agents 384
Chapter 45 Environmental constraints in the use of acarine
biocontrol agents 399
Chapter 46 Commercial and economic aspects in the use of
acarine biocontrol agents 406
Chapter 47 Recommendations for future work 413
Glossary 417
References 428
Author index 509
Subject index 521
Acknowledgements
The following colleagues kindly read and commented critically on various chapters:
Dr Val Behan-Pelletier (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario,
Canada), Dr Heather Proctor (Australian School of Environmental Studies, Griffith
University, Queensland, Australia), Prof. Zhi-Qiang Zhang (Landcare Research,
Auckland, New Zealand), Dr Yael Argov (The Israel Cohen Institute for Biological
Control, Bet Dagan, Israel), Dr Eric Palevsky (Department of Entomology, Volcani
Center, Bet Dagan, Israel), Prof. Baruch Rubin and Dr Moshe Coll (Faculty of
Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Rehovot, Israel). The senior author
wishes to extend special thanks to Dr R. Mozes-Koch (Faculty of Agricultural, Food
and Environmental Sciences, Rehovot, Israel) for help with esoteric terms and
methodology. The special assistance of Prof. Zhang and Drs Behan-Pelletier and Ian
M. Smith (Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Canada) and Dr Calvin C.
Welbourn (Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, Gainesville,
Florida, USA) is also appreciated.
For the authorisation to use figures in this book we thank Drs G.W. Krantz
(Oregon State University, Oregon, USA), Dr David R. Cook (Paradise Valley,
Arizona, USA), Dr Vikram Prasad (Indira Publishing House, Michigan, USA) and
Prof. Harold A. Denmark (Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer
Services, Gainesville, Florida, USA). Thanks are also due to Dr M. Bertrand
(Acarologia, Paris, France), Ms J. Byron (Hilgardia, California, USA), Mrs I. de Boer
(Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands) and Prof. A. Fain
(Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Bruxelles, Belgium) for permis-
sion to use certain figures. In addition, we express our thanks to Christopher J. Fall,
BioQuip Products, Inc. (Gardena, California, USA, e-mail: [email protected]), for
permission to use their figures.
Finally, we extend our appreciation to Dr Michael Schauff (Systematic Entomology
Laboratory, USDA, ARS, Maryland, USA), for support during the preparation of
this publication, and to Ethan C. Kane (University of Maryland, Beltsville, USA) and
Eric F. Erbe and Christopher Pooley (Electron Microscopy Unit-SGIL, USDA ARS),
for help with figures and SEM photo digital preparations. Special thanks are due to
Dr Jack R. Coulson (Director, Biological Control Documentation Center, USDA,
ARS, Maryland, USA), for preparing the Foreword.
vii