Missouri Resources Fall 2011

2011·3.1 MB·English

by  Missouri Department of Natural Resources

MISSOURI
r e s o u r c e s
Fall 2011(cid:129) Volume 28 (cid:129) Number 3
director’s
Missouri legislature
acknowledged the
need for public recre-
ation areas and
passed the law estab-
lishing a state park
fund that was man-
aged by the Fish and
Game Department.
The Department of
Natural Resources more than $700 million positive eco-
took over the man- nomic impact on the state and local
agement of Missouri communities. Missourians have con-
state parks and his- tinued to show their support for the
toric sites back in park system through a dedicated
1974 when the parks-and-soils sales tax, first ap-
agency was created proved in 1984.
and share missions. Missouri’s state park system has a
M The public continues national reputation as one of the best
issouri state parks and his- to play a vital role in the system near- in the country. We are truly blessed to
toric sites offer its visitors ly 100 years later. Each year, parks contain some of the most outstanding
some of the greatest opportunities to and sites host informational meetings state parks and historic sites that pro-
get outdoors in nature and truly ap- and open houses. The meetings are vide the public with more than
preciate the beauty our state has to part of the department’s ongoing ef- 200,000 acres to discover, explore,
offer. Our state park system has a fort to ensure the public has an oppor- learn and enjoy. Missouri’s state park
proud tradition of preserving and in- tunity to learn about accomplishments system offers something to suit every-
terpreting the state’s most outstanding and discuss future plans for the facili- one’s taste –with 85 state parks and
natural landscapes and cultural fea- ties and services provided in state historic sites, the possibilities are
tures while providing a diverse selec- parks and historic sites. boundless, so get outdoors and visit
tion of recreational opportunities. Through public input, the park sys- one today!
As Missourians, we play an impor- tem has continued to improve to meet
tant role in developing and maintain- the needs of all Missourians and visi-
ing the state park system heritage. It tors to our state. Every year, more
was the citizens of Missouri who en- than 16 million visitors discover the
couraged legislators to establish a beauty and history Missouri’s state Sara Parker Pauley
state park system back in 1917. The park system has to offer, creating a Missouri Department of Natural Resources
Fall 2011 MISSOURI RESOURCESis published three times per year by the
Volume 28 (cid:129) Number 3 Missouri Department of Natural Resources to inform readers about impor-
tant natural resource issues and how they are being addressed. Any cor-
respondence should be directed to the editor at the Department of Natural
State of Missouri, Governor Jeremiah W. (Jay) Nixon Resources, Publications, PO Box 176, Jefferson City, MO 65102-0176,
Editor
or call 800-361-4827.
Department Director Sara Parker Pauley Stuart Westmoreland Email address: [email protected]
Design Director MoDNR home page: dnr.mo.gov
Deputy Director, Policy Dru Buntin Belinda Hughes To subscribe or unsubscribe online:
dnr.mo.gov/magazine/subscription.htm
Director, Division of Administrative Support Lori Gordon Photographer
Scott Myers MISSOURI RESOURCESis available in alternative formats.
Director, Division of Energy Llona C. Weiss
Public Information Coordinator As a recipient of federal funds, the Department of Natural Resources can-
Director, Division of Environmental Quality Leanne Tippett Mosby Andrew Richmond not discriminate against anyone on the basis of race, color, national
origin, religion, age, sex, disability, sexual orientation or veteran status.
Circulation
Director, Division of Geology and Land Survey Joe Gillman Luke Petree If anyone believes he or she has been subjected to discrimination for any
Director, Division of State Parks Bill Bryan Jessica Becklenberg oDfe tphaerstme erenat soofn Nsa, thuer aol rR sehseo umrcaey sf iloer ath ceo Omfpficlaein ot fw Eitqhu eailt hOepr pthoertunity, U.S.
Editorial Board Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C., 20240.
Director, Environmental Improvement and Energy Resources Authority Karen Massey Larry Archer
Hylan Beydler Missouri Resourcesis printed with soy ink on recycled paper at
Kerry Cordray RR Donnelley, Liberty, Missouri.
Mission Statement Dalena Hardy
The mission of the Missouri Department of Natural Resources Sue Holst
is to protect, preserve and enhance Missouri’s natural, cultural and energy resources. Stuart Westmoreland printed on recycled paper
2 Lighting the Way
by Kris Zapalac
Even with the advent of electric light in the late 19th century, architects continued to refine and employ the use of daylighting.
5 Civil War Sesquicentennial
by Tom Uhlenbrock
During the Civil War, Missouri soil saw more battles than all but two states – Virginia and Tennessee. These 1,200 distinct
clashes claimed the lives of thousands of Missourians from both sides.
8 The Simple Joy of Sunshine
by Sue Holst
The Children in Nature Challenge aims to remedy a growing disorder among today’s kids – “nature deficit disorder.”
10 Common Ground
by Beverley Kreul
As the State Parks Youth Corps efforts in Missouri State Parks wind down, the benefits from their first two years live on.
departments
14 News Briefs 20 Resources to Explore 23 Career Connection 25 One Last Word
Above: The Milky Way rises over Stockton State Park in this panoramic view of the night sky.
Front Cover: Park visitors beat the extreme heat of summer 2011 at Rock Bridge Memorial State Park near Columbia.
Back Cover: Justin Davis, DNR geologist, pulls a rock core sample from the McCracken Rock Core Library in Rolla.
DNR photos by Scott Myers.
by Kris Zapalac photographs by Scott Myers
I
f you think the term “daylight- Luxfer (light-bearing) Prism Co. Pen- lights that illuminated dark basements
ing” is hot now, check out what nycuick’s invention took advantage of built under the urban sidewalks. Hyatt
was going on in the last decades the laws of refraction. The horizontal employed angled glass set into iron or
of the 19th century. That is when the prisms pressed into the interior side of cement grids imbedded into the side-
Merchants’ National Bank of Chicago the glass tiles diverted sunlight from walk. He moved to Kansas in 1856 as
let the sunshine in by using prismatic its angle of incidence and threw the president of the anti-slavery National
tiles and cut their electric bill by elim- refracted light back into the room on Kansas Committee. Hyatt used part of
inating 250 incandescent bulbs. parallel lines, uniformly lighting inte- the fortune he had made from his in-
It wasn’t just one bank in Chicago rior retail spaces. As stated in The Age ventions to assist John Brown’s aboli-
that was lighting the way. In 1897, ar- of Steelin 1897, “No merchant would, tionist activities and his family after
chitect Frank Lloyd Wright patented of his own choice, sell cloth or gar- Brown’s execution.
41 designs for the new system using ments by artificial light, and very few Hyatt eventually went to prison
prismatic tiles. In 1899, Princeton of the customers of the average retail rather than answer the U.S. Senate’s
University installed the same system. clothing or dry goods store can trust questions about Brown’s activities.
In 1903, stores in St. Louis and their eyes as to cloth colors, except in He and his novel lighting product sur-
Kansas City announced their installa- the daytime and under fair daylight.” vived the Civil War that was soon to
tion of prismatic tile systems. Pennycuick had many predeces- follow. In 1868, Hyatt’s vault lights
One of the leaders of the effort was sors. Perhaps the most notable was were used in the new building for the
James Pennycuick, who invented pris- Thaddeus Hyatt, who in 1845 filed his Philadelphia Ledger. In 1890, his
matic tiles and in 1897 founded the first patent for vault or pavement vault lights also were installed during
2 Missouri Resources
This graphic, adapted
from a National Park
Service drawing, illus-
trates the refractive
benefits of prismatic
glass, as shown at far
left and in the close-up
photo below. The dif-
fused, natural light
provided uniform light-
ing to interior spaces
that were often poorly
or inconsistently lit.
The cames were often
made of zinc or lead to
hold the tiles in place –
similar to a stained-
glass window.
the rehabilitation of the United States City’s Union Station in 1914 – at that
Average Annual Energy Con-
Mint at Philadelphia. time, the largest skylight and vault
sumption for Commercial
Hyatt outlived Pennycuick by four light installation in the United States. Buildings (non-malls)
years, but it was nevertheless Penny-
I Date constructed Btu/sq. ft.
cuick’s Luxfer prism that was de- n 1926, Luxfer and American 3-
< 1920 80,127
scribed in 1900 as “the century’s tri- Way merged to form American 3-
1920-1945 90,234
umph in lighting” in the pages of the Way Luxfer Prism Co. By the end of
1946-1959 80,198
Inland Architect. In 1904, more than the 1930s, inexpensive electricity and
1960-1969 90,976
half the New York subways utilized the rise of structural glass blocks had
1970-1979 94,968
Luxfer Prism vault lights as part of brought an end to an era, particularly
1980-1989 100,077
their lighting scheme. In 1906, it was in cities where commerce was a mat-
1990-1999 88,834
the installation of Luxfer’s competi- ter of constant competition. The rise
2000-2003 79,703
tor, American 3-Way Prism glass, that of petroleum energy and advances in
According to DOE, the average annual energy
enabled the Pennsylvania Railroad to electricity reduced the interest in pas- consumption per square foot for the commercial
outdo the Chicago bank by eliminat- sive-energy technologies and soon, buildings evaluated in 2006 was lowest for the
buildings built from 2000 to 2003. The second most
ing some 300 incandescent lights at some prism glass was replaced with
efficient commercial spaces were those built before
Philadelphia’s Broad Street Station. plate glass or hidden behind awnings. 1920! The combination of the thermal mass (mason-
Approximately 100,000 square feet of The tide appears to be turning, ry construction), operable windows, building mainte-
nance and rehabbing over the years allows them to
American 3-Way’s skylights were in- however. The chart at right shows sta-
compete very well with more recent buildings.
stalled in the train shed roof at Kansas tistics gathered from the U.S. Depart-
Fall 2011 3
T
ment of Energy for energy he next time you are in search of
consumption for non-mall daylighting and energy efficien-
commercial buildings sur- cies, stroll down the main street of
veyed in 2006. one these communities where exam-
Those statistics are a sur- ples remain (see sidebar, bottom of
prise to historic preservation page). Check out the transoms and
consultant Debbie Sheals even the sidewalks for some of the
from Columbia, who has as- most brilliant ideas around.
sisted property owners with For more information, search the
plans for historic rehabilita- terms “prismatic” and “glazing,” or
tion projects in dozens of visit the Lighting Research Center at
Missouri communities. the nation’s oldest technical universi-
“When you think about ty, Rensselaer Polytechnic, which is
it, it is logical that buildings slightly older than the first U.S. patent
erected before the advent of for daylighting at: www.lrc.rpi.edu/
cheap energy would be de- programs/futures/lf-daylighting. An-
signed to operate efficiently other option is the website for the
and especially to maximize Solar Heating and Cooling Pro-
available light,” Sheals said. gramme of the International Energy
“I’ve had several clients that Agency at: iea-shc.org/task21/
have uncovered prism glass publications/source/daylighting-
transoms simply to restore c4.pdf –where the daylighting of the
historic character, only to future involves prism glass and pris-
find that they also offer an matic awnings.
extremely efficient way to
add natural light to commer- Kris Zapalac, PhD., is a historian and
cial spaces,” she said. architectural reviewer for the Division
of State Parks’ State Historic Preser-
vation Office.
You can find prism glass in the transoms of
shops and garages across the state. The list below
includes some Missouri buildings that have been
rehabilitated and some that have not. Some are retail
establishments open to the public and some are not.
All can be admired from the sidewalk.
(cid:129) Former Bank of Bonnots Mill,
107 Main St., Bonnots Mill
(cid:129) Garage,
311 E. Olive, Springfield
(cid:129) Neosho Gifts, Etc.,
114 S. Wood St., Neosho
(cid:129) Grotto,
127 E. Main St., Neosho
(cid:129) 812 E. Broadway,
Columbia
(cid:129) 212 Georgia,
Louisiana
(cid:129) 123 N. Main St.,
Cape Girardeau
(cid:129) 302-04 Broadway,
Hannibal
(cid:129) 412 S. Ohio Ave.,
Sedalia
(cid:129) Clay County Historical
Museum,
14 N. Main St., Liberty
(Top) The former Bank of Bonnots Mill is a good (cid:129) 1600-1602 Grand Blvd.,
Kansas City
example –as depicted by the graphic –of the
use of prismatic glass transoms employed in (cid:129) 104 S. Main St., St. Charles
store fronts in the late 19th and throughout (cid:129) Joplin Supply Co. Bldg.,
much of the 20th century. 228 S. Joplin Ave., Joplin
44 MMiissssoouurrii RReessoouurrcceess
Civil War Sesquicentennial
Missouri Soil Conflicted in Sacrifice
by Tom Uhlenbrock
photographs by Scott Myers
M
issouri will mark its important role “Whether Union, or Confederate, or
in the Civil War with a series of African-American, the sacrifices were great
signature events held throughout on all sides,” Emison said. “We will have a
the state during the sesquicentennial com- traveling display available at certain signa-
memoration of the war’s start 150 years ago. ture events over the next several years that
Only two states, Virginia and Tennessee, will appropriately get that message across.”
experienced more battles on their soil than The two major events in 2011, Emison
Missouri. Many of the earliest skirmishes said, were the large-scale re-enactment on
that led up to the war were in the “Border Aug. 12-14 at Wilson’s Creek National Bat-
War” between Missouri and Kansas. tlefield near Springfield, and a re-enactment
“Our mission is to acknowledge the sig- scheduled for Sept. 17-18 near Battle of Union re-enactors return to
nificance of Missouri in the Civil War to ed- Lexington State Historic Site. camp following their suc-
ucate not only our children, but all the citi- Emison was a natural choice for the com- cessful engagement with
zens of the state,” said Kent Emison, mission, established by Gov. Jay Nixon. He the Missouri State Guard at
co-chairman of the Civil War Sesquicenten- lives in Higginsville, near the Confederate the re-enactment of the
nial Commission. Memorial State Historic Site, and his law 1861 Battle of Boonville.
Fall 2011 5
Major Civil War Sites in Missouri
Wilson’s Creek National Battlefield at
Republic: The fight in August of 1861 was
one of the first major Civil War battles west
of the Mississippi. Union Gen. Nathaniel
Lyon led 6,000 soldiers against Maj. Gen.
Sterling Price, who had assembled some
12,000 men. The Southerners claimed vic-
tory. Lyon was fatally wounded, becoming
the first Union general to die in the war.
Today, a self-guided driving tour winds
through the 1,900 acres of fields and forest.
The battlefield has a visitor center with a
30-minute introductory film, and a museum
building with 6,000 artifacts. The National
Park Service has restored the home of
farmer John Ray, who watched from his
porch as fighting raged in his cornfield.
Battle of Lexington
State Historic Site
Lexington, located in northwest Mis-
souri, was the site in September 1861 of
what became known as the Battle of the
Hemp Bales. Members of the pro-southern
state guard used rolling hemp bales to ad-
vance upon and defeat Union forces.
The historic site has an interpretative
center that explains the battle, and features
the stately Oliver Anderson house, which
changed hands three times during the first
day of the three-day fight. Holes in the
brick exterior and in the interior woodwork
and plaster walls show where the house was
struck by musket shots and cannon fire.
Confederate Memorial
Approximately 500 Civil War re-enactors and over 10,000 specta- State Historic Site
tors gathered on a rural farm in Cooper County to re-enact the June
Located a few miles southwest of Lex-
17, 1861, Battle of Boonville. While small in comparison to other
ington, in Higginsville, a small white chapel
battles, it was the first land skirmish of the war and holds great
and a field of some 800 modest tombstones
significance in the history of Missouri and the Civil War.
mark where the Confederate Soldiers Home
office is in Lexington, near the Battle of
Lexington State Historic Site.
“Our office building has a lot of history
to it, we re-did the building and it has Civil
War artifacts,” Emison said. “We’re near
the oldest courthouse west of the Mississip-
pi, which has a cannonball lodged in it.”
The commission has set up a website at:
mocivilwar150.com that gives a history of
the Civil War in Missouri, and lists loca-
tions of prominent sites and markers
throughout the state, as well as a schedule
of events.
6 Missouri Resources
The routing of the poorly
trained and equipped State
Guard by Union forces kept
the Missouri River and the
state in Union control. It
also prevented the pro-Con-
federate governor,
Claiborne F. Jackson, from
bringing Missouri into
the Confederacy.
of Missouri was established with private work fort was the prize in one of the most
funds in 1891. The home welcomed some important, and dramatic, of Missouri’s bat-
1,600 of the Confederacy’s destitute sol- tles. A diorama in the visitor center explains
diers and their families. The U.S. flag flew how the out-manned Union forces out-foxed
over the complex of buildings, but the cas- Maj. Gen. Sterling Price and his more than
kets of the soldiers were draped in Rebel 12,000 troops.
colors at their burials. The Union forces fled the fort under the
Most of the buildings are now gone, but cover of darkness, and then blew up the
the cemetery contains the marker of Johnny powder magazine to destroy any supplies.
Graves, who was the last surviving Mis- Price had up to 1,000 men dead or wound-
souri Confederate soldier when he died in ed, and gave up on his goal of capturing St.
1950 at the age of 108. Remains of William Louis or Jefferson City.
Quantrill, the Confederate bushwhacker,
Battle of Athens
also are buried here.
State Historic Site
Battle of Carthage
In August 1861, some 500 men under
State Historic Site
Home Guard Col. David Moore used mus-
Visitors should stop first at the free Civil kets commandeered from a freight train to
War Museum near the town square in repel Col. Martin Green’s pro-Southern
Carthage, which vividly tells the story of state guard forces of about 2,000 men. They
the battle with artifacts and a diorama. Col. were fighting for control of Athens, which
Franz Sigel and his 1,100 Union soldiers was a thriving town of some 50 businesses
engaged the much larger pro-southern force and 600 people.
of former Missouri Gov. Claiborne Jackson. The 406-acre historic site is a serene,
A large mural in the museum shows the wooded setting near the Des Moines River
running battle that went through Carthage. in the northeast corner of Missouri. Athens
The historic site is a park-like setting near a now has only a handful of residents. The re-
spring where both sides camped in July maining historic buildings include the
1861 before and after one of the earliest en- Thome-Benning Mansion, which was
gagements of the Civil War. pierced by a cannonball during that sum-
mer’s Battle of Athens.
Fort Davidson State Historic Site
Located in the scenic Arcadia Valley of Tom Uhlenbrock is a writer for the depart-
southeast Missouri, the hexagonal earth- ment’s Division of State Parks.
Fall 2011 7
by Sue Holst
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he next time your child The most obvious symptom may be obesity
feels anxious or upset, but this disconnect with nature may also
perhaps the best medi- lead to anxiety and learning disabilities.
cine you can prescribe is an af- The challenge is finding ways to connect
ternoon in the great outdoors. kids with the outdoors and letting them dis-
For many of today’s adults, cover for themselves the simple joys of ex-
childhood memories of summer ploring the natural world. To achieve this,
days were exploring a nearby they must have the tools, resources, oppor-
ers creek or camping under the stars tunities and encouragement to take that first
My with their families. For today’s step into the outdoors.
ott children, fun may mean sitting To lead this challenge, Gov. Jay Nixon
c
S
y in front of the television or com- signed an executive order in early 2010 es-
b
o
ot puter playing video games. tablishing the Children in Nature Challenge.
h
p
R Many of today’s kids have not The program recognizes communities and
N
D discovered the joy of exploring families who create opportunities for their
(Top) Missouri first lady Georganne the outdoors and may suffer children to get outside and discover the joys
Nixon is leading the Children in Nature from what some have referred to of nature firsthand.
Challenge to encourage communities, as “nature deficit disorder.” “We know that children benefit physical-
families and children to discover the Research has shown that as a ly, mentally and even spiritually by con-
simple joys of being outside in nature. result of nature deficit disorder, necting with nature,” said first lady Geor-
(Above) Providing this opportunity at an children face an increasing num- ganne Nixon, who is leading the challenge.
early age often leads to a lifetime of ber of health, behavior, academ- “Nature makes kids happier and healthier
exploring and appreciating the outdoors. ic and quality of life problems. and it is our responsibility to make sure
8 Missouri Resources